Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychiatrists and other medical experts are MOST likely to agree with the _____ theory of abnormality.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Answer 1

biological

Question 2

Apprehension, worry, and fear are the focus of _____ disorders, a category of disorders in the DSM.

A) anxiety
B) depressive
C) dissociative
D) personality

Answer 2

anxiety

Question 3

Borderline personality disorder is a psychological disorder:

A) based on instability in many areas of a person's life, including interpersonal relationships, mood, and self-image.
B) in which a person is socially fearful, self-conscious, easily embarrassed in front of others, and sees self as incompetent.
C) based on a pattern of egotistical, entitled, and self-important behaviors in which a person sees self as superior to others.
D) based on a disregard for, and violation of, the rights of other people.

Answer 3

based on instability in many areas of a person's life, including interpersonal relationships, mood, and self-image.

Question 4

To be diagnosed with ADHD, a person must show symptoms in at least _____ setting(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 5

_____ is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive anxiety toward a particular object or situation.

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Specific phobia
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 6

Destiny did an assignment for class on anxiety disorders. Destiny included a case study of a person who had repeated, unwanted thoughts that caused her significant anxiety. In response to those thoughts, the person would repeatedly perform certain behaviors. The person in Destiny's case study MOST likely has which disorder?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) specific phobia
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 7

Over the past 4 months, Lewis has struggled with his eating. At least once a week, Lewis finds himself eating a massive amount of food, usually in a short period of time. During these times, Lewis eats more quickly than usual and ends up feeling uncomfortably full. When Lewis's periods of overeating are over, he feels miserable. He thinks he would feel better if he could throw up the food, but he can't bring himself to do it. The disorder with which Lewis would MOST likely be diagnosed is:

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) purging disorder.

Question 8

Jamis feels he must wash his hands so frequently that the behavior often makes him late for work. As a result, Jamis is worried he's going to lose his job. Drew is a surgeon and, while he must wash his hands multiple times a day, he sees it as just part of the job. The differences between Jamis's and Drew's behaviors and perceptions BEST demonstrate the concept that _____ is often an important part of determining what is normal and what is abnormal.

A) infrequency
B) deviation from social norms
C) personal distress
D) dangerousness

Question 9

The person MOST likely to receive a diagnosis of ADHD is one who is:

A) female.
B) from the northern region of the United States.
C) male.
D) Native American.

Question 10

Gabrielle has always had trouble with her personal relationships. Gabrielle can make friends easily but her friendships usually don't last. When Gabrielle first makes friends with someone, she tends to idealize them and wants to be with them all the time. Inevitably, though, Gabrielle suddenly becomes disillusioned with her friend because she feels the person is neglecting or abandoning her. Gabrielle's thought and behavior patterns BEST align with _____ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 11

Dissociative identity disorder occurs when a person:

A) becomes unable to recall important information from their past.
B) is unable to recall important information from their past and unexpectedly and without planning travels to a new location.
C) experiences persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached from one's body, usually with a feeling of being an outside observer of one's life.
D) exhibits two or more distinct personalities.

Question 12

Which statement about dissociative disorders is TRUE?

A) Dissociative disorders are extremely rare.
B) Psychologists generally agree that dissociative identity disorder is a valid disorder.
C) Verifiable cases of dissociative disorders increased significantly beginning in the 1970s.
D) The prevalence of dissociative disorders affects approximately 10% of the population.

Question 13

Last year, Clarence had a period of time during which he was severely depressed. Recently, Clarence also had mild symptoms of mania for a day or two. The diagnosis that BEST fits Clarence's symptoms is _____ disorder.

A) dysthymic
B) cyclothymic
C) bipolar I
D) bipolar II

Question 14

On a popular podcast, unusual disappearances are discussed. In a recent episode, the podcasters discussed a woman who was found unconscious, but unharmed, behind a fast-food restaurant in a small town. She was taken to the hospital, where she remained unconscious for several days. When she woke up, she did not know her name, how old she was, where she was, or how she got there. She had no memory at all prior to that point. The experience of this woman is BEST described as:

A) dissociative fugue.
B) psychosis.
C) dissociative amnesia.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 15

Bill hears voices frequently. They tell him what to do and try to control his behavior. No one else can hear these voices. When Bill hears voices, he is experiencing:

A) a delusion.
B) flat affect.
C) a fugue.
D) a hallucination.

Question 16

An abnormal psychologist who is interested in examining the extent to which a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors differ from what is common to most other people is interested in the concept of:

A) deviation from social norms.
B) personal distress.
C) impairment in daily functioning.
D) dangerousness.

Question 17

The DSM was originally published in:

A) 1939.
B) 1946.
C) 1952.
D) 1960.

Question 18

Disorders like anorexia and bulimia are defined by significant disturbances related to:

A) mood.
B) eating or food.
C) psychosis.
D) the stress response.

Question 19

Which statement is FALSE about the cause of schizophrenia?

A) There are different patterns of neurochemical activity in the brains of people with schizophrenia.
B) The more genes you share with a person with schizophrenia, the greater the odds you will develop the disorder.
C) Studies have consistently found structural differences in the brains of people with schizophrenia.
D) Significantly more people with schizophrenia are born in the summer than in other seasons.

Question 20

_____ is NOT a factor typically linked to psychological disorders.

A) Personal distress
B) Deviation from social norms
C) Dangerousness
D) Impairment in daily functioning

Question 21

Two years ago, Ashley was diagnosed with a depressive disorder. For many years prior to her diagnosis, Ashley felt sad and hopeless nearly every day. During this time, she also had trouble sleeping and always felt tired. The disorder Ashley was diagnosed with is MOST likely:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) cyclothymia.
C) major depressive disorder.
D) persistent depressive disorder.

Question 22

The World Health Organization states that psychological disorders are caused by a combination of factors such as a person's individual characteristics and genetic makeup as well as exposure to environmental hazards and social, cultural, and economic factors. This explanation of abnormality corresponds MOST closely to the _____ theory of abnormality.

A) categorical
B) dimensional
C) DSM
D) biopsychosocial

Question 23

_____ is a long-term, lower-intensity version of bipolar disorder.

A) Dysthymia
B) Cyclothymic disorder
C) Persistent depressive disorder
D) Bipolar II disorder

Question 24

A person who says, "I like to work but doctors don't know why the sun orbits the earth so I always run 5 miles a day" is demonstrating:

A) neologisms.
B) negative symptoms.
C) loose associations.
D) delusions.

Question 25

Research on the cause of dissociative disorders suggests that:

A) a personal history of trauma or abuse is typical in individuals who have been diagnosed.
B) brain abnormalities have been identified in individuals who have been diagnosed.
C) there is no identifiable reason for the cause of their disorder.
D) individuals who have been diagnosed tend to have low intellectual functioning.

Question 26

The _____ is an explanation specific to anxiety disorder that emphasizes the interaction of biological factors, general psychological factors, and specific psychological factors.

A) diathesis-stress model
B) biopsychosocial model of abnormality
C) triple vulnerability theory
D) sociocultural model of abnormality

Question 27

The single most common category of psychological disorders is:

A) anxiety disorders.
B) depressive disorders.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) disorders of childhood.

Question 28

Hypomania differs from mania in which way? Hypomania:

A) is more severe than mania.
B) lasts longer than mania.
C) is less severe than mania.
D) is both more severe and longer lasting than mania.

Question 29

Cecily took a personality test for one of her psychology classes. The test results suggested that Cecily was high on _____, a personality trait that is closely associated with anxiety disorders.

A) introversion
B) neuroticism
C) pessimism
D) openness to experience

Question 30

Murray has been diagnosed with social anxiety. His therapist's practice aligns closely with the psychological theory of abnormality that focuses on psychodynamic explanations of psychological disorders. Which explanation is Murray's therapist MOST likely to give to explain Murray's social anxiety?

A) Murray's interactions with people were punished when they resulted in embarrassment.
B) Murray expresses an unusually high level of neuroticism and introversion.
C) Murray subconsciously expects people to leave him since he was abandoned by his father.
D) Murray's thought process is illogical in that he believes no one will find him likeable.

Question 31

Maisie learned about two different models of psychopathology in her abnormal psychology class. The one that Maisie MOST agreed with was the _____ model, which states that psychological problems exist on a continuum, rather than being totally absent or totally present.

A) dimensional
B) biopsychosocial
C) categorical
D) sociocultural

Question 32

Moira has been diagnosed with social anxiety. Her therapist's practice aligns closely with the psychological theory of abnormality that focuses on cognitive explanations of psychological disorders. Which explanation is Moira's therapist MOST likely to give to explain Moira's social anxiety?

A) Moira's interactions with people were punished when they resulted in embarrassment.
B) Moira expresses an unusually high level of neuroticism and introversion.
C) Moira subconsciously expects people to leave her since she was abandoned by her father.
D) Moira's thought process is illogical in that she believes no one will find her likeable.

Question 33

Medical student syndrome occurs when a student learns about an illness and:

A) actually develops that illness.
B) temporarily overdiagnoses that illness in others.
C) comes to believe the illness is uncommon.
D) develops a belief that they have the illness.

Question 34

The categorical model of psychopathology states that psychological problems are:

A) on a continuum.
B) either fully present or absent.
C) diagnosed differently depending on the type of disorder.
D) reflective of a society's standards of normal and abnormal.

Question 35

For several years, Shane has struggled with repeated, intrusive thoughts about accidentally hurting another person. These thoughts cause Shane such anxiety that he finds himself doing things such as retracing his route whenever he drives somewhere to make sure he did not accidentally hit someone. Shane's symptoms align BEST with _____ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) social anxiety
C) generalized anxiety
D) panic

Question 36

Autism spectrum disorder is defined as a disorder characterized by:

A) deficits in life skills and cognitive ability.
B) significant social interaction deficits and rigid, repetitive patterns of behavior.
C) bizarre disturbances in thinking, perception, feelings, and behavior.
D) persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language.

Question 37

Which statement about generalized anxiety disorder is FALSE?

A) Worry persists even if the worst is unlikely to happen.
B) The symptoms are exclusively psychological.
C) The symptoms interfere with daily living.
D) The topics that stimulate worry are far-ranging.

Question 38

Roger has schizophrenia. He and his family have been going to family therapy to work on ways to effectively manage his symptoms as well as to address other family issues. One area the therapist recommends Roger and his family work on is how they interact with one another. Roger and his family tend to be overinvolved in one another's lives and are often openly hostile with one another. This pattern of interaction is called _____ emotion.

A) double-bind
B) psychotic
C) expressed
D) categorical

Question 39

Although hallucinations and delusions are obvious signs of schizophrenia, the first sign of schizophrenia is typically:

A) social impairment.
B) low cognitive ability.
C) psychosis.
D) dissociation.

Question 40

Major depressive disorder is twice as common in _____ as in _____.

A) girls; women
B) men; women
C) boys; men
D) women; men

Question 41

Amanda has been concerned lately with how much she weighs. She tries to diet, but she hasn't lost much weight. Amanda weighs about what someone her age and height should, but she still thinks she is overweight. Although it embarrasses Amanda, there are times when she will eat a significant amount of food at one sitting. After these times, however, Amanda will make herself throw up to avoid gaining weight from the food she ate. The disorder that BEST matches Amanda's behaviors is:

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) purging.

Question 42

Nolan has been experiencing a lot of anxiety. He finds it hard to leave the house in the morning and often misses class. Nolan hasn't felt like going out with his friends and avoids interaction when possible. Although his friends understand, it has caused strain between them and Nolan. What aspect of abnormality BEST describes what Nolan is experiencing?

A) infrequency
B) deviation from social norms
C) dangerousness
D) impairment in daily functioning

Question 43

James's parents notice that he has problems focusing. He is also easily distracted and forgetful. James often loses what he needs to finish school tasks. James's parents see no issues with his level of activity and he is not impulsive. What disorder would James MOST accurately be diagnosed with?

A) autism spectrum disorder
B) dissociative amnesia
C) ADHD
D) dissociative fugue

Question 44

Which disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) specific phobia
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) acute stress disorder

Question 45

You were assigned to do a paper on a psychological disorder of your choice. You chose to write your paper on the disorder in which a person has more than one distinct personality. These personalities are distinct from one another and often have different abilities and memories. What disorder did you choose to write about?

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative amnesia
D) schizophreniform disorder

Question 46

Dr. Lizza is a scientist whose research program studies how schizophrenia manifests as a result of a person's genes, brain structure, and exposure to viruses. Dr. Lizza MOST likely subscribes to the _____ theory of abnormality.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Question 47

Agatha quit school 6 months ago and, while she found a job, she finds it unfulfilling. During this time, Agatha has felt sad and worthless. Agatha knows she should probably re-enroll in school, but she has no energy to start that process. She also lacks any interest in going out, and her inability to enjoy companionship has resulted in lost friendships and loss of potential relationships. Agatha would MOST likely be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

A) bipolar
B) cyclothymic
C) obsessive
D) major depressive

Question 48

In your abnormal psychology class, you learned about how psychological disorders are diagnosed in the United States: mental health professionals use a book that outlines the criteria for disorders, as well as how common they are, cultural considerations, and the development of disorders over time. The book you learned about is the:

A) WHO.
B) APA.
C) DSM.
D) CCMD.

Question 49

Elle has a psychological disorder and her symptoms worry her significantly. Elle is in therapy to help deal with these symptoms because they upset her. Elle is seeking therapy to address which aspect of abnormal functioning?

A) infrequency
B) deviation from social norms
C) personal distress
D) impairment in daily functioning

Question 50

Saadia's friends are concerned about her. They don't see her as much as they used to. Saadia wants to hang out with her friends but she has become increasingly focused on her weight and how much she eats. Saadia sees herself as overweight and tries to diet but frequently ends up breaking her diet by eating a large amount of food, usually very quickly. After these periods, Saadia doesn't take steps to compensate for the food she's eaten, although she is embarrassed by eating so much. Saadia MOST likely has which disorder?

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) purging disorder
D) binge eating disorder

Question 51

Which statement is FALSE about personality disorders?

A) Disturbed parent-child relationships are linked to borderline personality disorder.
B) People with antisocial personality disorder are often raised in situations where the exploitation and manipulation of others was modeled by their parents.
C) Although there are clues about what causes personality disorders, the causes of personality disorders are largely unknown.
D) Genetic factors are believed to be the primary cause of personality disorders.

Question 52

Boys are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at _____ times the rate of girls.

A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5

Question 53

When people have an intense and irrational fear when they must perform in front of others, they MOST likely have:

A) a specific phobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 54

_____ and _____ are the factors typically given the most weight when diagnosing psychological disorders.

A) Personal distress; deviation from social norms
B) Deviation from social norms; infrequency
C) Personal distress; impairment in daily functioning
D) Impairment in daily functioning; infrequency

Question 55

Jenny has an eating disorder in which she restricts how much she eats, has a very low body weight, and an intense fear of gaining weight. Jenny sees herself as weighing more than she does, even though she is clearly very thin. Which disorder does Jenny MOST likely have?

A) purging disorder
B) binge eating disorder
C) anorexia nervosa
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 56

The lifetime prevalence for anxiety disorders is approximately:

A) 10-15%.
B) 25-30%.
C) 35-40%.
D) 40-45%.

Question 57

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which symptoms of unjustified apprehension persists for a long time across a wide range of situations.

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Specific phobia
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 58

A disorder new to the current DSM is _____, which is a combination of severe emotional and physical symptoms that some women experience on a regular basis during the time of their period.

A) cyclothymic disorder
B) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
C) major depressive disorder
D) gender dysphoria

Question 59

You recently learned about a disorder in class in which a person has symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and unusual speech patterns. In this disorder, people often have a problematic excess or deficit of behaviors. The disorder you learned about is MOST likely:

A) schizophrenia.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) dissociative fugue.

Question 60

If you wanted to look up the official definitions for mental disorders, you would use the:

A) Diagnostic Subtype Manual of Mental Disorders.
B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Measure of Mental Disorders.
D) Diagnosis and Statistical Measures of Mental Disorders.

Question 61

In an abnormal psychology class, students were assigned to debate the causes of abnormality. One team of students argued that people's life circumstances caused them to develop psychological disorders. To support their argument, the students cited studies that found that people who are socially isolated, have few financial resources, and are unemployed have higher rates of depression and anxiety. The students' arguments support the _____ theory of abnormality.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Question 62

Maria wrote a paper on bipolar disorders. One point that Maria focused on in her paper was the long-term outcomes for someone with bipolar I disorder versus bipolar II disorder. Maria specifically addressed the fact that those with bipolar II had better outcomes because they have milder symptoms of _____ than those with bipolar I.

A) mania
B) depression
C) unipolar depression
D) dysthymia

Question 63

_____ are behaviors that are lacking in people with schizophrenia, but that are usually present in people without the disorder.

A) Delusions
B) Hallucinations
C) Negative symptoms
D) Positive symptoms

Question 64

The categorical model of psychopathology is MOST like _____, and the dimensional model of psychopathology is MOST like _____.

A) a blood-typing test; measurement of blood glucose levels
B) a blood pressure test; determining if you have the flu
C) assessing if you have cancer; determining if a woman is pregnant
D) measuring your shoulder's range of motion; measuring blood oxygen levels

Question 65

A person who lies, exploits others, lacks remorse, and has no empathy for people that person hurts would MOST likely be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 66

Research suggests that individuals with anxiety disorders have an _____ amygdala and an _____ prefrontal cortex.

A) overactive; overactive
B) underactive; underactive
C) underactive; overactive
D) overactive; underactive

Question 67

One day, Latoya was going to work when she noticed she was sweating slightly and her heart was beating a bit faster than normal. Latoya became alarmed, fearing something was wrong. Soon, Latoya experienced an intense burst of anxiety that caused her to feel as if she were going to pass out. The disorder that BEST describes what Latoya is experiencing is:

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) specific phobia.
D) panic disorder.

Question 68

Negative symptoms are defined as:

A) completely false beliefs that a person with schizophrenia believes to be reality.
B) false sensations or perceptions.
C) behaviors that are lacking in people with schizophrenia.
D) behaviors that are present or excessive in people with schizophrenia.

Question 69

The _____ theory is a contemporary theory of abnormality that asserts that a combination of factors within the person and surrounding a person contribute to psychological disorders.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Question 70

Recently, Stephen confided to a friend that sometimes he eats a lot of food in a short period of time that makes him feel guilty afterward. He told his friend that he tries to compensate for what he eats by exercising for hours. Stephen also admitted that he sometimes takes a lot of laxatives when he overeats. Which disorder does Stephen MOST likely have?

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) purging disorder

Question 71

A pattern of behavior that interferes with a person's life by causing significant distress or dysfunction is BEST defined as:

A) abnormal behavior.
B) a psychological disorder.
C) medical student syndrome.
D) normal behavior.

Question 72

People who have periods in which they have an overabundance of energy along with an extremely elevated mood are MOST likely experiencing:

A) hypomania.
B) mania.
C) obsession.
D) psychosis.

Question 73

Xavier has hallucinations and delusions as a part of his schizophrenia. Xavier's hallucinations and delusions are _____ symptoms.

A) positive
B) negative
C) dissociative
D) cognitive

Question 74

The _____ model states that psychological problems exist on a continuum, as opposed to being fully present or absent.

A) dimensional
B) biopsychosocial
C) categorical
D) sociocultural

Question 75

Anxiety disorders occur when a person experiences:

A) significant alarm in response to danger.
B) nervousness before important life events.
C) fear that is out of proportion to a situation.
D) daily worry that doesn't impact their functioning.

Question 76

A person whose behavior is rigid and inflexible and therefore has difficulty with interpersonal interactions MOST likely has:

A) a personality disorder.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) a dissociative disorder.

Question 77

By definition, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder first emerge:

A) during childhood.
B) during early adulthood.
C) during middle adulthood.
D) between the ages of 18 and 25.

Question 78

Psychosis is defined as:

A) a significant impairment in the basic ability to tell the difference between the real world and the imagination.
B) completely false beliefs that a person with schizophrenia believes to be reality.
C) an inability to recall important information from one's past, often triggered by a stressful event.
D) false sensations or perceptions.

Question 79

A clinician who supports the _____ theory of abnormality would be MOST likely to prescribe medication to treat a psychological disorder.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Question 80

Psychologists suggest that many factors contribute to anxiety disorders EXCEPT:

A) illogical thoughts.
B) learned reinforcements and punishments.
C) high levels of neuroticism.
D) uninvolved parenting.