Deck 10: Diversity in Psychology: Multiculturalism, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

In the _____ model of multiculturalism, differences between cultures are thought to be naturally occurring variations, whereas in the _____ model, differences are thought to be strengths rather than problems.

A) cultural pluralism; positive psychology
B) positive psychology; cultural pluralism
C) cultural pluralism; culturally disadvantaged
D) culturally disadvantaged; positive psychology

Answer 1

cultural pluralism; positive psychology

Question 2

Research suggests that, over time, people's acculturation strategies are MOST likely to move from _____ to ____.

A) separation; integration
B) integration; marginalization
C) integration; separation
D) marginalization; integration

Answer 2

separation; integration

Question 3

Hedonism is a way of life in which happiness is the primary goal in life. Hedonism is MOST similar to the cultural trait of:

A) individualism.
B) restraint.
C) indulgence.
D) short-term orientation.

Answer 3

indulgence.

Question 4

Which statement about cultural influences on social media use is FALSE?

A) Faces are more prominent in pictures posted by individuals in individualistic cultures.
B) Individuals in collectivistic cultures post more positive self-presentations.
C) Women tend to disclose more to their social media friends than do men.
D) Older social media users focus more on posts made by family members.

Question 5

A person who is transgender and, for example, unhappy identifying with being female while in a male body may _____, which means to take steps to live as the gender that matches their female identity rather than their male sex.

A) become cisgender
B) become transgender
C) transition
D) assimilate

Question 6

In high school, Lucien wanted to become a doctor. His family, however, had considerable concerns about this career path because they wanted him to be an accountant. Ultimately, Lucien decided to pursue his dream of becoming a doctor. Lucien's worldview is MOST likely defined as:

A) assertiveness.
B) individualistic.
C) collectivistic.
D) indulgence.

Question 7

Cultures in which people are self-protective and competitive are identified as _____, whereas those in which people are trusting and accepting are identified as _____.

A) avoidant; accepting of uncertainty
B) individualistic; collectivistic
C) assertive; caring
D) restrained; indulgent

Question 8

A researcher is interested in conducting a study examining the religious beliefs of Native Americans. The researcher wants to sample people in her city, but she knows that it may be difficult to find participants because only about _____% of Americans are Native American.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7

Question 9

Your friend Mikey is gay and your friend Sarah is a lesbian. You learned in your introduction to psychology class that negative views of same-sex relationships vary depending on different factors. Based on what you have learned in class, you expect that:

A) Mikey will draw less disapproval than Sarah, especially from straight men.
B) Sarah will draw less disapproval than Mikey, especially from straight men.
C) Mikey and Sarah will draw an equal degree of disapproval.
D) Sarah will draw more disapproval than Mikey, especially from gay men.

Question 10

People who have a sexual orientation or gender identity that differs from the majority of the population often identify as part of the _____ community.

A) homosexual
B) LGBTQ
C) cisgender
D) APAGS

Question 11

Research suggests that all of these problems occur in sexual minorities at two to three times the rate in the general population EXCEPT:

A) depression.
B) anxiety.
C) alcohol problems.
D) poor physical health.

Question 12

Underutilization of mental health care among ethnic minorities is LEAST likely to be due to:

A) reliance on family or friends for assistance.
B) cultural values.
C) lack of health insurance.
D) unwillingness to seek assistance.

Question 13

Worldview is BEST defined as:

A) a set of shared beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior within a group of people.
B) the way any one person's unique combination of social and cultural categories overlap.
C) knowing the norm for a group yet realizing it may not apply to all members of the group.
D) a comprehensive culturally influenced way of approaching and understanding the world.

Question 14

A set of shared beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior within a group of people is called:

A) diversity.
B) intersectionality.
C) worldview.
D) culture.

Question 15

The degree to which decision making and authority differ among members of a culture is called:

A) uncertainty avoidance.
B) individualism.
C) power distance.
D) assertiveness.

Question 16

Jerome and Jarrod are identical twins. Jerome identifies as gay. Because of this, the chances that Jarrod is gay are:

A) definite-it's 100% sure that Jarrod is gay.
B) less likely since Jerome is gay.
C) more likely since Jerome is gay.
D) just as likely as if Jerome wasn't gay.

Question 17

In high school, Sylvie wanted to become a journalist. Her family, however, had considerable concerns about this career path because they wanted her to become an engineer. Ultimately, Sylvie agreed to major in engineering instead of journalism in college. Sylvie's worldview is MOST likely defined as:

A) caring.
B) individualistic.
C) collectivistic.
D) restraint.

Question 18

In straight people, a decrease in negative attitudes toward sexual minorities has been linked to _____ sexual minorities.

A) increased exposure to
B) decreased exposure to
C) increased awareness of discrimination against
D) increased awareness of victimization of

Question 19

The ability simultaneously to know the norm for a group and to recognize that that norm might not apply to every member of that group is called:

A) dynamic sizing.
B) multiculturalism.
C) intersectionality.
D) worldview.

Question 20

A person's _____ is that person's psychological and behavioral experience of maleness or femaleness, whereas _____ is that person's biological maleness or femaleness.

A) sexual orientation; gender
B) gender; sex
C) sex; gender
D) sexual orientation; sex

Question 21

Which explanation BEST describes why females are underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math?

A) There are inherent gender differences in the abilities needed in these fields.
B) Females prefer to go into fields such as nursing, humanities, and the social sciences.
C) Females generally do not pursue the level of education needed to work in these fields.
D) Females have traditionally been steered away from these fields.

Question 22

The person LEAST likely to undergo acculturation is one who:

A) just permanently moved to a foreign country.
B) transfers from a college in the Northeast to one on the Pacific Coast.
C) travels for work and is away from home for three days.
D) is in the military and stationed overseas for a 3-year tour.

Question 23

The largest minority group in the United States is:

A) African American.
B) Hispanic.
C) Asian.
D) Native American.

Question 24

Multiculturalism as a force in psychology _____ other approaches to psychology, like psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism.

A) blends with
B) dominates
C) negates
D) diminishes

Question 25

Speech patterns of White men may differ from those of African American women. The positive psychology model of multiculturalism would posit that:

A) both styles are equally legitimate.
B) the difference is due to an inferior environment.
C) the difference is due to an inborn deficiency.
D) the less typical pattern may be uniquely impressive.

Question 26

After moving to a new a culture, a person who retains their culture of origin but rejects the new culture is using the acculturation strategy of:

A) separation.
B) marginalization.
C) assimilation.
D) integration.

Question 27

Gwendolyn is a woman who is attracted to both men and other women. Gwendolyn's sexual orientation is:

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transgender.

Question 28

The second largest minority group in the United States is:

A) Hispanic.
B) Asian.
C) Native American.
D) African American.

Question 29

Historically, being assertive is seen as more _____, whereas being caring is seen as more _____.

A) masculine; feminine
B) feminine; masculine
C) collectivistic; individualistic
D) restrained; indulgent

Question 30

Charlie is a man who is attracted to men, but not women. Charlie's sexual orientation is:

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transgender.

Question 31

After English, the language most people speak in the United States at home is:

A) French.
B) Spanish.
C) Tagalog.
D) Arabic.

Question 32

Intersectionality is BEST defined as:

A) a set of shared beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior within a group of people.
B) the way any one person's unique combination of social and cultural categories overlap.
C) knowing the norm for a group yet realizing it may not apply to all members of the group.
D) a comprehensive culturally influenced way of approaching and understanding the world.

Question 33

Dr. Gusset works in the Study Abroad office and leads a study assessing the disorientation and bewilderment students may experience when encountering unfamiliar settings during their first week of a semester away. The experience that Dr. Gusset is studying can BEST be described as:

A) dynamic sizing.
B) assimilation.
C) marginalization.
D) culture shock.

Question 34

People of different cultures interpret what they see in different ways. This has been demonstrated by _____, the perception that identical lines are actually of different lengths.

A) dynamic sizing
B) cultural intelligence
C) the Müller-Lyer illusion
D) long-term orientation

Question 35

Marcus is on a softball team. One day at practice, the coach told Marcus that he was no good at pitching and that he needed to "man up" because he threw "like a girl." The coach's statements are examples of:

A) marginalization.
B) separation.
C) acculturative stress.
D) microaggressions.

Question 36

A woman who identifies as a lesbian could also consider herself a part of the large, diverse community known as:

A) transgender.
B) fluid.
C) LGBTQ.
D) SRS.

Question 37

George is a man who is attracted to both women and other men. George's sexual orientation is:

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transgender.

Question 38

A person whose biological sex and gender identity do NOT match is BEST described as:

A) homosexual.
B) cisgender.
C) transgender.
D) bisexual.

Question 39

A psychologist who studies the beliefs, behaviors, and values of a particular group of people is studying:

A) worldview.
B) culture.
C) intersectionality.
D) multiculturalism.

Question 40

Most research estimates that approximately _____ percent of people identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

A) 1-1.5
B) 2-4
C) 4-6
D) 7-10

Question 41

A person who lives in the moment and does whatever feels good to them in that moment demonstrates the cultural trait of:

A) individualism.
B) restraint.
C) indulgence.
D) short-term orientation.

Question 42

When the field of psychology first began to address the concept of culture, it was primarily defined as people's:

A) race/ethnicity.
B) worldview.
C) nationality.
D) orientation.

Question 43

For a man, the odds of being gay are related to:

A) being the youngest child.
B) how many older sisters he has.
C) how many older brothers he has.
D) how many total siblings he has.

Question 44

Which is NOT an example of a characteristic of a culture that prioritizes short-term orientation?

A) spend rather than save
B) quick results are important
C) adapt when the going gets tough
D) prioritize immediate results

Question 45

Alice is 5 years old. She spends a significant amount of time watching TV each day. Research findings suggest that if Alice was asked the question "Who do people think are better? Boys or girls?" Alice would be MOST likely to say that girls are _____ boys.

A) better than
B) as good as
C) worse than
D) only sometimes as good

Question 46

A person who moves to a new culture and does NOT identify either with the old culture or the new culture is using the acculturation strategy of:

A) separation.
B) marginalization.
C) assimilation.
D) integration.

Question 47

A person who is from one culture but living in a different culture will experience _____, which is defined as managing a life that involves the coexistence of more than one culture.

A) dynamic sizing
B) individualism
C) acculturative stress
D) acculturation

Question 48

A store begins selling a T-shirt for young girls that reads, "I'm too pretty to do math." The store eventually stopped selling the shirt because of complaints from customers. Which reason BEST explains why the message of this T-shirt would be considered a microaggression?

A) The T-shirt is sold only to girls.
B) The message reinforces a sexist stereotype.
C) The message indirectly suggests that boys are less important than girls.
D) The T-shirt can potentially cause adults to assume a girl is not smart.

Question 49

Psychologists have used different models to understand cultural differences. The most current model is the _____ model.

A) deficit
B) culturally disadvantaged
C) cultural pluralism
D) positive psychology

Question 50

Multiculturalism is an approach in psychology that highlights the _____ multiple cultural groups within a society.

A) impact of
B) similarities among
C) concerns of
D) importance and value of

Question 51

Men tend to identify as _____ more often than _____.

A) gay; cisgender
B) transgender; gay
C) gay; bisexual
D) bisexual; gay

Question 52

Which ethnicity is the MOST likely to seek mental health treatment?

A) Latino
B) African American
C) Native American
D) White

Question 53

Approximately what percentage of Americans identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual?

A) 2-4
B) 6-8
C) 9-11
D) 13-15

Question 54

Which is NOT a result of the sexualization of young girls?

A) higher rates of psychological disorders in girls
B) girls viewing themselves as sex objects
C) girls being estimated as younger than they are
D) girls being assigned negative characteristics

Question 55

You recently heard a news story about a diverse group of college students who helped a local community after a hurricane. Although they all attended the same school, they were diverse in terms of ethnicity, gender, and even primary language spoken. The students worked very well together and formed friendships with each other easily. The students demonstrated:

A) dynamic sizing.
B) uncertainty avoidance.
C) integration.
D) cultural intelligence.

Question 56

Cultural intelligence correlates with all of the following outcomes EXCEPT:

A) better adjustment in a new culture.
B) more trust in intercultural relationships.
C) better intercultural negotiations.
D) fewer intercultural interactions.

Question 57

Annika is going to a party and will meet her friend Ysabel there. Ysabel asked Annika for directions to the party since she was not familiar with the location. Research suggests that Annika would MOST likely give which set of directions?

A) From your house, take I-75 north to exit 10. After getting off the interstate, go east for 5 miles. The house will be the third on the left.
B) From your house, take I-75 until you see the new grocery store on your right. Take the first exit after the new store. Go east for 5 miles. The house is the third on the left.
C) From your house, take I-75. Go east after you get off the interstate. You'll drive for a while and pass three gas stations. After the third gas station, it's the third house on the left. You will have gone a total of 5 miles.
D) Get on the interstate until you see the new grocery store on your right. Get off at the next exit and take a right for a bit. You'll pass three gas stations. After the third gas station, it's the house with the red door.

Question 58

A researcher asks people to share stories about times people have said negative or insulting things to them based on their ethnicity, gender, or age. This researcher is asking for examples of:

A) microaggressions.
B) acculturative stress.
C) marginalization.
D) separation.

Question 59

A group within a larger culture that has specific norms or beliefs that often differs from the larger culture is called a(n):

A) association.
B) subculture.
C) society.
D) aggregation.

Question 60

Alex is a transgender woman. Although Alex's sex is male, Alex's gender identity is female. Recently while out with friends, someone said to Alex, "I would never have known you were transgender! You look just like a real woman." This statement is an example of:

A) marginalization.
B) separation.
C) acculturative stress.
D) a microaggression.

Question 61

Mario is the director of his college's a cappella singing group, Children of the Chord. Mario is frustrated because the group cannot agree on the best way to sing a new song they will sing in an upcoming performance. Mario tries to explain to the group that even though they have differing approaches, the song they are singing is still the same. Mario's viewpoint corresponds BEST to which model of multiculturalism?

A) culturally disadvantaged
B) cultural pluralism
C) deficit
D) positive psychology

Question 62

Christopher is going to a party and will meet his friend Emily there. Emily asked Christopher for directions to the party since she was not familiar with the location. Research suggests that Christopher would MOST likely give which set of directions?

A) From your house, take I-75 north to exit 10. After getting off the interstate, go east for 5 miles. The house will be the third on the left.
B) Get on the interstate until you see the new grocery store on your right. Get off at the next exit and take a right for a bit. You'll pass three gas stations. After the third gas station, it's the house with the red door.
C) From your house, take I-75 until you see the new grocery store on your right. Take the first exit after the new store. Go east for 5 miles. The house is the third on the left.
D) From your house, take I-75. Go east after you get off the interstate. You'll drive for a while and pass three gas stations. After the third gas station, it's the third house on the left. You will have gone a total of 5 miles.

Question 63

Peggy just moved to New Zealand from the United States. Peggy studied acculturation and she knows that the acculturation strategy she uses will depend upon her willingness to embrace the culture of New Zealand as well as the extent she _____ her culture of origin.

A) understands
B) accepts
C) likes
D) retains

Question 64

Dr. Nisah is away from his home institution in Ghana to pursue research at the University of Florida during a semester-long sabbatical. Dr. Nisah has integrated in the research lab at the University of Florida after a week, but he still finds himself feeling disoriented and bewildered while navigating the college town of Gainesville, Florida. What Dr. Nisah is experiencing in Gainesville is BEST described as:

A) dynamic sizing.
B) marginalization.
C) culture shock.
D) assimilation.

Question 65

Prior to puberty, gender nonconforming behaviors are MORE commonly seen in:

A) people of all sexual orientations.
B) cisgender people.
C) lesbian, gay, and bisexual people but not in straight people.
D) straight people but not in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people.

Question 66

Zofia is from Poland. This semester, Zofia is studying in Australia as a part of an exchange program. After being in Australia for a few weeks, Zofia found that being a Polish person in Australia meant finding ways to manage living in a culture different from her own. Zofia's experience in Australia is BEST described as:

A) dynamic sizing.
B) individualism.
C) worldview.
D) acculturation.

Question 67

Dynamic sizing refers to the ability to simultaneously _____ the norm for the group while _____.

A) not know; recognizing that that norm might not apply to every group member
B) know; understanding how that norm shapes a group's worldview
C) know; not understanding how that norm shapes a group's worldview
D) know; recognizing that that norm might not apply to every group member

Question 68

James and Michael are best friends. James is African American and Michael is White. Research suggests which scenario regarding their social media use is MOST likely to be true?

A) James is more likely to post selfies than Michael.
B) Michael is more likely to post selfies than James.
C) Michael and James will post roughly the same number of selfies.
D) James and Michael are more likely to post pictures of each other rather than selfies.

Question 69

Jun is Asian American. After taking a particularly difficult math exam, Jun's friend said to him, "I'm sure you did fine. Everybody knows Asians are good at math!" Jun tells his friend that this is a stereotype, although he is sure his friend meant no harm. Jun's friend immediately apologizes, explaining that he wasn't intending to be offensive. From this scenario, what can you conclude about the statement made by Jun's friend?

A) The statement was not a microaggression because it was not intended to cause harm.
B) This was not a microaggression because it is based on a positive stereotype.
C) The statement was a microaggression, even though it was not intended to cause harm.
D) This was not a microaggression because Jun was not hurt by his friend's statement.

Question 70

Tierney and Maeve Madigan moved from Ireland to another country. Tierney struggles. He no longer identifies with his native culture, but neither does he identify with the new culture. On the other hand, Maeve adapted well. She identifies both with her native Irish culture as well as her new culture. Tierney's acculturation strategy is _____, whereas _____ is Maeve's acculturation strategy.

A) integration; assimilation
B) separation; marginalization
C) assimilation; separation
D) marginalization; integration

Question 71

Which statement is true about the way women use speech? Compared to men, women tend to:

A) use eye contact more frequently.
B) speak longer and louder.
C) use more verbal reinforcers of others' speech.
D) smile less frequently.

Question 72

Omari moved to the United States from Kenya several years ago. Since being in the United States, Omari has largely adopted American customs and abandoned many aspects of his culture of origin. For example, Omari no longer eats the food or wears the clothes from his native Kenya. Omari's acculturation strategy is MOST likely:

A) separation.
B) marginalization.
C) assimilation.
D) integration.

Question 73

Culture is BEST defined as:

A) a set of shared beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior within a group of people.
B) the way any one person's unique combination of social and cultural categories overlap.
C) knowing the norm for a group yet realizing it may not apply to all members of the group.
D) a comprehensive culturally influenced way of approaching and understanding the world.

Question 74

About _____ of the United States population has been diagnosed with a disability.

A) 9%
B) 19%
C) 29%
D) 39%

Question 75

In a cognitive psychology class, students learned about several studies on perceptual reasoning ability. In one study, there was little diversity in the study participants; the participants were all White men. In all of the other studies, the study participants were more diverse and representative. Based on what you know about the field of multiculturalism, in which year was the study that included only White males MOST likely done?

A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980

Question 76

In one study examining the Facebook pages of college students, African American students _____ than Asian American students.

A) were less likely to have a Facebook page
B) listed less extensive self-descriptions
C) listed more group affiliations
D) posted fewer selfies

Question 77

Logan is biologically female. However, Logan does not identify as female but as male. Logan's behaviors correspond with a male identity. For example, Logan prefers to go by "he" instead of "she." Based on this description, Logan is BEST described as:

A) homosexual.
B) bisexual.
C) transgender.
D) cisgender.

Question 78

_____ are NOT a predictor of holding negative views toward sexual minorities.

A) Conservative political beliefs
B) Beliefs that sexuality is a choice
C) Income levels
D) Conservative religious beliefs

Question 79

Biologically, James is male. James also perceives himself to be male, and his behaviors correspond with that perception. Based on this description, James is BEST described as:

A) heterosexual.
B) cisgender.
C) transgender.
D) male.

Question 80

Which of these is an acculturation strategy?

A) separation
B) adjustment
C) orientation
D) adaptation