Deck 1: Politics: Who Gets What, and How?

Question 1

______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to organize and live our collective lives.

A) Authority
B) Politics
C) The rules
D) Social order
E) Authoritarianism

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Many European countries follow the theory of ______,which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality.

A) Jeffersonian democracy
B) Italian fascism
C) social democracy
D) Marxism
E) social capitalism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the relationship between politics and government,______.

A) politics is the system for exercising authority over people, whereas government is the process through which power is gained and lost
B) politics is the process or activity through which power is gained and lost, whereas government is a system for exercising authority over a body of people
C) politics is merely a narrow self-interested activity, whereas government is solely an institution for serving the needs of the people
D) politics is democratic, whereas government is authoritarian
E) politics is whatever politicians do, whereas government is whatever bureaucrats do

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to the text,who would prefer that citizens stay inside an information bubble?

A) Office-holders
B) Political activists
C) Neighbors
D) Those with money and power
E) Foreigners

Question 5

A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is ______.

A) an Athenian-like democracy
B) a republic
C) authoritarian government
D) a theocracy
E) a social monarchy

Question 6

The market controls economic decisions in a(n)______ economy.

A) socialist
B) totalitarian
C) authoritarian
D) capitalist
E) anarchic

Question 7

Politics is defined in your text as ______.

A) the ability to get others to do what you want
B) who gets what, when, and how
C) the way we organize and live our collective lives
D) the process by which societies resolve, reduce, or eliminate conflict
E) a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

Question 8

When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper,they are exercising ______.

A) authority
B) leadership
C) justice
D) force
E) status

Question 9

What are organizations called in which government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place?

A) Socialist countries
B) Capitalist economies
C) Monarchies
D) Democracies
E) Institutions

Question 10

Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

A) Socialism, in which economic decisions are made by the government
B) Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights
C) Pure capitalism, in which all means used to produce material resources are privately owned
D) Pure laissez-faire capitalism, in which the government has no economic role at all
E) Social democracy, in which government plays an enormous role in ensuring substantive guarantees of fair outcomes for all citizens

Question 11

______ can be described as a system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people.

A) Political partisanship
B) Federalism
C) Power
D) Force
E) Government

Question 12

How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what,and how"?

A) Rules can be thought of as the "what."
B) Rules are not relevant.
C) Rules can be thought of as the "who."
D) Rules define the "getting."
E) Rules can be thought of as the "how."

Question 13

Power is defined in your text as ______.

A) a type of totalitarianism
B) the ability to get other people to do what you want
C) the use of force to obtain desired goals
D) the essential quality of leadership
E) the use of military, paramilitary, or police forces to control people

Question 14

Politics is determined by "______" gets power and resources in society and "_______" they get them.

A) where, how
B) how, where
C) who, how
D) what, where
E) what, how

Question 15

The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that ______.

A) politicians make economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas the market controls economic decisions in socialist economies
B) the government plays a regulatory role only in socialist economies
C) the market controls economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas politicians make economic decisions in socialist economies
D) capitalist economies are seldom democracies, whereas socialist economies frequently are democracies
E) people decide economic policies by voting in capitalist systems, but the people do not vote for economic policies in socialist systems

Question 16

In a socialist economy,economic decisions are determined by ______.

A) individual decisions in the market
B) the presidents of leading corporations
C) a vote of the people
D) political leaders, on the basis of what society needs
E) random decision making

Question 17

Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly,with no promises of particular outcomes,are ______.

A) regulations
B) promises
C) procedural guarantees
D) the social contract
E) political pledges

Question 18

In socialist economies,control over economic decisions is exercised by ______.

A) society, through its purchasing power
B) the market
C) the government
D) supply-and-demand forces
E) the people's votes

Question 19

What is defined as a story that people believe about who has power,who wants power,who deserves power,and what someone has done to get and maintain power?

A) Political discourse
B) Political narrative
C) Political story-telling
D) Self-reflection
E) Political speech

Question 20

Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are ______.

A) social democracy
B) substantive guarantees
C) procedural guarantees
D) democracy
E) socialism

Question 21

What is the most basic obligation of a citizen in a democracy?

A) to obey the law
B) to sit on a jury
C) to pay taxes
D) to fight in the nation's wars
E) to vote

Question 22

A ______ government combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy.

A) totalitarian
B) monarchical
C) libertarian
D) anarchic
E) democratic

Question 23

The first Western democracy was in ______.

A) Athens
B) Rome
C) England
D) the United States
E) Paris

Question 24

In a(n)______ system,government allows people complete economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior.

A) authoritarian socialist
B) advanced industrial democratic
C) totalitarian
D) authoritarian capitalist
E) communist democratic

Question 25

What was the effect of the Protestant Reformation on European politics?

A) It led King George to reject the United States as a colony.
B) The Catholic Church lost religious and political clout, paving the way for new political ideas about the source of legitimacy for governments.
C) It led to the divine right of kings being accepted as the source of legitimacy.
D) It proved that democracy could function in the United States.
E) The Catholic pope was no longer the king of France, Spain, and Italy.

Question 26

What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?

A) Citizens have rights and obligations, whereas subjects have only rights.
B) Both can exist within an authoritarian system, whereas only citizens exist within democratic systems.
C) Citizens have no obligations, and subjects have only rights.
D) Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations.
E) With fewer rights to be protected, subjects have more power than do citizens.

Question 27

In an authoritarian system,the people have ______.

A) rights but no obligations
B) obligations but no rights
C) rights and obligations
D) neither rights nor obligations
E) rights but no privileges

Question 28

The absence of government and laws is a characteristic of ______.

A) totalitarianism
B) anarchy
C) authoritarianism
D) theocracy
E) elite democracy

Question 29

The central concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is that the following is the key to political power:

A) a strong legislature
B) more frequent elections
C) citizen participation in groups
D) a strong executive
E) a tightly controlled economy

Question 30

The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the ______ theory of democracy.

A) pluralist
B) elite
C) participatory
D) economic
E) hierarchical

Question 31

A theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives is ______.

A) elite democracy
B) pluralist democracy
C) anarchy
D) participatory democracy
E) populist democracy

Question 32

The major difference between anarchy and democracy is that in anarchy,______.

A) there is no government
B) the government is expected to be more responsive to the people
C) the government runs by consensus rather than majority rule
D) the government controls the economy
E) the people are subjects, not citizens

Question 33

The major difference between the elitist,pluralist,and participatory theories of democracy is related to the ______.

A) importance of the economy
B) role of the mass media
C) role of the people in decision making
D) importance of security as a goal of government
E) importance of economic redistribution as a goal of government

Question 34

Anarchists value ______.

A) liberty over order and security
B) order over liberty
C) equality over liberty
D) equality over order
E) order over security

Question 35

Individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights are ______.

A) elitists
B) Democrats
C) citizens
D) subjects
E) Republicans

Question 36

The break with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s that helped pave the way for new ideas about the world was ______.

A) the Enlightenment
B) social contract theory
C) the industrial revolution
D) atheism
E) the Protestant Reformation

Question 37

All of the following statements concerning popular sovereignty are true EXCEPT this one:

A) It is the principle that there is no authority higher than the people.
B) The central idea is that government is legitimate only if the people consent to it.
C) It is based on the belief that people are not truly free unless they govern themselves.
D) In the United States, the Constitution is the document establishing the authority of the people.
E) It is the basis for anarchy as a form of government.

Question 38

In authoritarian systems ______,whereas in nonauthoritarian systems ______.

A) government merely determines the rules; government makes substantive guarantees
B) government is responsible for the welfare of the people; government is forbidden from affecting the welfare of the people
C) government makes substantive decisions about how people ought to live their lives; government merely guarantees that there are fair rules and leaves the rest to individual control
D) the citizens have rights but no power; the citizens have rights and power
E) the government controls the economy; the government has no control over the economy

Question 39

Which of the following countries is an advanced industrial democracy?

A) North Korea
B) Iran
C) the United States
D) Singapore
E) Cuba

Question 40

The central democratic institution of the elite theory of democracy is ______.

A) interest groups
B) the judiciary
C) the electoral process
D) the press
E) the executive

Question 41

According to the social contract,government requires a contractual agreement among citizens because ______.

A) lawyers control government
B) it is harder for the propertied classes to dominate
C) citizens are free and self-interested individuals who require a contract to regulate their collective lives
D) it is the easiest way to create a government
E) there is no other way to create a government

Question 42

The major goal of the text is to ______.

A) get students to think critically about American politics
B) increase the number of facts students know about American politics
C) help students understand why politics is so corrupt in the United States
D) help students earn credits toward their college degree
E) increase skepticism about politics

Question 43

The Enlightenment led to the theory that government is based on ______.

A) an ethical concern for the common good
B) the divine right to govern
C) a social contract
D) tradition and custom
E) a natural order

Question 44

Analysis is important for students of politics because ______.

A) it provides scientific measurement
B) it allows us to develop exact formulas
C) it helps us understand how something works
D) it helps us understand when things happen

Question 45

According to the text,what are the competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States?

A) One view places faith in the citizen's ability to act virtuously, whereas the other suggests that citizens should live in a more direct democracy.
B) The competing roles differ on whether people should be viewed as citizens or whether they should be viewed as subjects.
C) One view holds that individual participation in government should be limited because human nature is overly self-interested, whereas the other view places faith in the citizen's ability to act virtuously.
D) One view holds that individual participation in government should be unlimited because human nature is virtuous, whereas the other view places faith only in a citizen's role in the economy.
E) One view holds that individual participation should be high in economics, whereas the other view holds that individual participation should be low in government.

Question 46

Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are known as ______.

Question 47

In the Middle Ages,some monarchs claimed to take their authority from God,a principle called ______.

A) survival of the fittest
B) divine right of kings
C) cuius regio, eius religio
D) sovereignty

Question 48

______ can be thought of as the "how" in the definition "who gets what,and how." They are directives that determine how resources are allocated,and they determine how we try to get the things we want.

Question 49

Hashtag activism is described in the text as

A) increasingly unpopular among voters.
B) most common among college-educated voters.
C) useful in recruiting new political activists.
D) a form of political engagement that occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue.
E) the use of electronic media to express a viewpoint.

Question 50

The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of ______.

A) public interest versus public involvement
B) self-interest versus common good
C) curiosity versus self-analysis
D) public protection versus public promotion
E) anarchy versus the state of nature

Question 51

______ are government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly,with no promises of particular outcomes.

Question 52

In socialist economies,control over economic decisions is exercised by the ______.

Question 53

The authors of the text argue that the two competing theories of citizenship can be reconciled through ______.

A) bargaining and compromise
B) more direct control of government by elites
C) deliberation
D) more direct democracy
E) less control of government by elites

Question 54

All of the following statements are true concerning the Enlightenment EXCEPT this one:

A) It emphasized human reason.
B) It emphasized the role of God in the world.
C) It emphasized scientific examination.
D) It emphasized industrial progress.
E) It led to the theory of the social contract.

Question 55

The market controls economic decisions in a ______ economy.

A) capitalist
B) feudalist
C) network
D) socialist

Question 56

According to the social contract,what is the source of government's legitimacy?

A) citizen consent
B) the divine right of kings
C) government's control of all property
D) the Catholic Church
E) government's authority over its subjects

Question 57

The doctrine that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed,in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others,is called ______.

A) elite democracy
B) pluralistic democracy
C) social democracy
D) the social contract
E) the state of nature

Question 58

The concept of republican virtue is what scholars such as Madison call the ______.

A) ability of individuals to follow the Ten Commandments
B) basis of democracy according to Plato
C) virtue associated with a conservative ideology
D) ability of democratic man to put the community's interests ahead of his own
E) willingness to put the interests of the Republican Party ahead of one's own interests

Question 59

James Madison thought that average citizens ______.

A) had a great republican virtue
B) should participate in policymaking as much as possible
C) had performed responsibly under the Articles of Confederation and should be given more power
D) were not likely to put the community's interests above their individual interests
E) should be relegated as subjects under a monarchy

Question 60

According to the text,why do some observers claim there is a crisis in American citizenship?

A) Civic virtue is taking second place to self-interest as a guiding principle of citizenship.
B) Too many upper-class people are participating in politics.
C) Too few upper-class people are participating in politics.
D) We have too many political parties.
E) Republican virtue moves our nation too close to socialism.

Question 61

Explain how Athenian democracy,the Enlightenment,and Locke's notion of the social contract served as origins of American democracy.What did the founders learn about participatory democracy from democracy in Athens,500-300 bce? How did the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment change how people viewed government legitimacy in a way that discredited of the divine right of kings? Finally,with whom does the social contract place the source of government legitimacy? Together,how did these eras as a whole ultimately affect the type of government chosen by the founders?

Question 62

The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the ______ theory of democracy.

Question 63

Define the term social democracy.Why is this referred to in Chapter 1 as a "hybrid" system?

Question 64

Discuss the competing views of citizenship in the United States that are covered in the text.Make sure to explain how Madison's view of human nature differs greatly from the views of those who argue that citizens have a strong republican virtue.What does each argument say the role of citizens in American politics should be? What views of citizenship are not discussed in the text that students think should be discussed? Which point of view do you think is the most accurate?

Question 65

______ helps us understand how something works,such as politics.

Question 66

The primary goal of the textbook is to get you thinking ______ about American politics.

Question 67

Theorists have differed over what type of democracy would best balance the interests of a country while ensuring both majority rule and minority rights.Those democratic theorists advocating ______ democracy hold that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives.

Question 68

What is a republic,and what,according to Madison,is its benefit over a "pure democracy," where all citizens have direct power to control government?

Question 69

______ means challenging the conclusions of others,asking why or why not,turning the accepted wisdom upside down,and exploring alternative interpretations.

Question 70

A ______ government combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy.

Question 71

In authoritarian systems,the people are ______ of their government.They possess no rights that protect them from their government.

Question 72

The ______ was a break with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s that helped pave the way for new ideas about the world.

Question 73

What tends to be the consequence when there is disagreement over the legitimate form of government in society?

Question 74

Define and discuss the significance of the term popular sovereignty.

Question 75

What are the key differences between authoritarian systems and nonauthoritarian political systems? What are the different forms of government within each of these systems? Discuss the main distinction concerning the role of people in each type of government.

Question 76

Your text briefly explained certain modern political movements and uprisings.Define one such modern political movement or uprising,and explain the factors that led to the creation of the movement.

Question 77

The absence of government and laws is a characteristic of _______.

Question 78

A society in which government allows people complete economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior is referred to as ______.