Deck 1: What Is Criminal Justice

Question 1

In the 1990s,the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not being punished resulted in an increased focus on

A)social justice.
B)individual accountability.
C)due process.
D)the consensus model.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In which of the following situations can a bench trial occur?

A)The defendant waives his or her right to a trial by jury.
B)The court decides that a trial by jury is not necessary in this case.
C)Publicity has made it impossible to select an unbiased jury.
D)The judge determines that a jury trial would be too expensive and time-consuming.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During which stage in the criminal justice process are suspects photographed and fingerprinted?

A)Arraignment
B)Indictment
C)Preliminary Hearing
D)Booking

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The idea of a criminal justice nonsystem,in which different criminal justice agencies focus more on performance measures than on justice,is the basis of the ________ model.

A)conflict
B)due process
C)consensus
D)social justice

Question 5

The ________ Amendment to the U.S.Constitution gives every defendant the right to a trial by jury?

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth

Question 6

Which model best assumes that the system's components work together harmoniously to achieve justice?

A)The due process model
B)The conflict model
C)The individual rights model
D)The consensus model

Question 7

A(n)________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by police.

A)warrant
B)indictment
C)arraignment
D)hearing

Question 8

Which of the following generally does not occur during a preliminary hearing?

A)The judge determines whether there is probable cause to believe the defendant committed the crime.
B)The defense counsel is given the opportunity to test the strength of the prosecution's case.
C)The defendant is asked to enter a plea.
D)The judge determines whether there is probable cause to believe a crime was committed.

Question 9

Who created a cabinet-level "drug czar" position to coordinate the "war on drugs"?

A)Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
B)President Ronald Reagan
C)Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
D)President George H.W.Bush

Question 10

Due process refers to

A)multiculturalism.
B)evidence-based practices.
C)adversarial justice.
D)procedural fairness.

Question 11

________ rights are guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S.Constitution and are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal justice system.

A)Social
B)Group
C)Individual
D)Public order

Question 12

A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety,the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n)________ advocate.

A)social justice
B)public-order
C)individual-rights
D)civil justice

Question 13

By returning an indictment,the grand jury has determined that

A)the defendant is guilty of the crime.
B)there is probable cause to formally charge the defendant with the crime.
C)the defendant should be released on recognizance until the trial date.
D)the proposed plea bargain is unacceptable and may not be approved.

Question 14

Offender who have served a portion of their prison sentences may be released on

A)probation.
B)bail.
C)an indictment.
D)parole.

Question 15

Before being questioned,defendants are usually advised of their ________ rights.

A)civil
B)individual
C)political
D)Miranda

Question 16

Currently,we are seeing a decline in which types of crime?

A)Mass shootings
B)Internet-based crimes
C)Traditional crimes
D)Inner-city murders

Question 17

________ is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

A)Public-order advocacy
B)Individual-rights advocacy
C)Social justice
D)Civil justice

Question 18

Social ________ is a condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change,uneven development of culture,maladaptiveness,disharmony,conflict,and lack of consensus.

A)order
B)chaos
C)organization
D)disorganization

Question 19

Criminal justice involves all of the following elements,except

A)cultural beliefs of right and wrong.
B)violations of the criminal law.
C)protection of the innocent.
D)fair treatment of offenders.

Question 20

An offender is convicted of multiple crimes and is sentenced for each offense.A ________ sentence permits the offender to serve all sentences at the same time.

A)consecutive
B)single
C)concurrent
D)simultaneous

Question 21

The grand jury system is required to follow the same procedural rules as a criminal trial.

Question 22

________ describes the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders?

A)Criminal justice
B)Criminology
C)Social justice
D)Multiculturalism

Question 23

The systems model of criminal justice is an accurate representation of how the criminal justice system works.

Question 24

A public-order advocate supports the interests of society over individual rights.

Question 25

________ refers to crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research.

A)Crime-control model
B)Evidence-based practice
C)Social-control model
D)Program evaluation

Question 26

The criminal justice system is biased towards disenfranchised groups.

Question 27

Civil justice concerns itself with fairness in relationships among citizens,government agencies,and businesses in private matters.

Question 28

The purpose of the first appearance is to determine if there is enough evidence against the defendant to continue the criminal justice process.

Question 29

The consensus model is a perspective that assumes that the criminal justice system's components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.

Question 30

The ________ model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.

A)social control
B)due process
C)crime-control
D)conflict

Question 31

In some states,the prosecutor may seek to continue the case against a defendant by filing an information with the court.

Question 32

Which Supreme Court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against massive power of the state in criminal proceedings?

A)Warren Court
B)Roberts Court
C)Burger Court
D)Rehnquist Court

Question 33

The administration of justice focuses on the laws of civil procedure and the various procedures and activities relating to fairness in relationship between citizens,government agencies,and businesses in private matters.

Question 34

The emphasis on individual rights in the 1960s was associated with a decrease in reported crime.

Question 35

The conflict model assumes that the criminal justice system's components function primarily to serve their own interests.

Question 36

Multiculturalism is one form of

A)traditionalism.
B)diversity.
C)homogeneity.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 37

In the late 20th century,public perspectives shifted towards seeing the criminal as a dangerous social predator rather than an unfortunate victim of social and personal circumstances.

Question 38

A crime is a behavior for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.

Question 39

Today we are seeing a resurgence of traditional crimes.

Question 40

In the mid-1980s,the sale and use of illicit drugs was at an all-time low.

Question 41

Bench trials use more jurors than normal jury trials.

Question 42

A(n)________ trial does not involve a jury.

Question 43

The crime-control model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.

Question 44

An offender who is found guilty of multiple charges and who is serving one sentence after another one is completed has been given a consecutive sentence.

Question 45

The ________ is the stage at which the suspect is brought before a magistrate,advised of the charges,and possibly given the opportunity for bail.

Question 46

Due process is specifically guaranteed only in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution.

Question 47

In a society that respects and encourages diversity,all lifestyle choices are seen as acceptable.

Question 48

Cultural competence helps ensure everyone's needs are met.

Question 49

Social ________ is a condition that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change,conflict,and a lack of consensus.

Question 50

The defendant is asked to enter a plea at the ________.

Question 51

A judge is required to accept a guilty plea.

Question 52

An individual who believes that the various criminal justice agencies have different and competing goals would probably adhere to the ________ model of criminal justice.

Question 53

The majority of sentences are imposed in criminal cases after defendants have been found guilty at trial.

Question 54

Evidence-based practice involves crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research.

Question 55

A(n)________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for the police to apprehend a suspect.

Question 56

The ________ model of criminal justice assumes that each of the component parts strive toward a common goal.

Question 57

________ justice is linked to notions of fairness and cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

Question 58

________ advocates focus on protecting personal freedoms and civil rights within society,including the criminal justice process.

Question 59

________ means procedural fairness.

Question 60

Criminal justice as an academic discipline began when criminal justice courses were offered to NYPD officers in universities in New York City.

Question 61

A(n)________ society is one that contains many diverse groups with unique identities that also participate in the larger society's legal and political systems.

Question 62

Match the core component of the criminal justice system to its functions.

A)Police
B)Correctional agencies
C)Criminal courts
Carry out imposed sentences

Question 63

The ________ Amendment to the U.S.Constitution makes due process binding on the states.

Question 64

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1999

Question 65

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
2012-2017

Question 66

The due process model emphasizes ________ over efficiency in dealing with criminal offenders.

Question 67

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1940s-1960s

Question 68

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1970s

Question 69

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
2001

Question 70

________-based practice refers to strategies to fight crime that have been scientifically tested and that are based on social science research.

Question 71

Criminal justice as an academic discipline began through the efforts of Berkeley police chief ________.

Question 72

Match the core component of the criminal justice system to its functions.

A)Police
B)Correctional agencies
C)Criminal courts
Ensure due process

Question 73

Match the core component of the criminal justice system to its functions.

A)Police
B)Correctional agencies
C)Criminal courts
Rehabilitate convicted offenders

Question 74

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1960-1970

Question 75

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1920-1933

Question 76

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1980s

Question 77

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
2002-2003

Question 78

Match the time period with the corresponding historical event.

A)The passage of the USA PATRIOT Act
B)A focus on corporate and white-collar crime and the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)An epidemic of mass shootings and random violence in public venues
D)The growth of organized crime as a result of Prohibition
E)An increase in reports of serious crimes such as assault,rape,and murder
F)The mass shooting at Columbine High School
G)Relative stability of crime rates
H)A dramatic increase in the use and sale of illicit drugs
I)A crime epidemic occurred,apparently related to social upheaval caused in part by large-scale immigration
J)A focus on civil rights and a significant increase in reported crime
1850-1880

Question 79

Match the core component of the criminal justice system to its functions.

A)Police
B)Correctional agencies
C)Criminal courts
Maintain public order

Question 80

Match the core component of the criminal justice system to its functions.

A)Police
B)Correctional agencies
C)Criminal courts
Provide save custody and supervision of offenders