Deck 12: Chemical Bonding

Question 1

A compound consists of only magnesium, carbon, and oxygen. If the percentage by mass of Mg is 28.8% and that of C is 14.2%, what is the percentage by mass of O?

A) 16.0%
B) 57.0%
C) 43.0%
D) 22.5%
E) None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The percentage composition by mass of nitrogen dioxide is approximately

A) 43% N and 57% O.
B) 33% N and 67% O.
C) 30% N and 70% O.
D) 47% N and 53% O.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The force responsible for chemical bonding is

A) nuclear.
B) electromagnetic.
C) none of these.
D) gravitational.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The formula mass of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, is

A) 74.1 u.
B) 38.1 u.
C) 57.1 u.
D) 58.1 u.

Question 5

The percentage by mass of carbon in diamond is about

A) 25%.
B) 75%.
C) 100%.
D) 20%.

Question 6

The percentage by mass of hydrogen in methane, CH₄, is about

A) 25%.
B) 75%.
C) 80%.
D) 20%.

Question 7

What person is known as the "father of chemistry" for his many contributions, including the law of conservation of mass?

A) Boyle
B) Lavoisier
C) Mendeleev
D) Dalton

Question 8

A substance of unknown composition is heated in an open container. As a result, the mass of the container and its contents

A) decreases.
B) remains the same.
C) increases.
D) Any of these could occur.

Question 9

The formula mass of water, H₂O, is

A) 18 u.
B) 9 u.
C) 10 u.
D) 17 u.

Question 10

An element that tends to gain electrons during chemical reactions is probably

A) a semimetal.
B) a nonmetal.
C) an actinide.
D) a metal.

Question 11

A substance of unknown composition is heated in a sealed container. As a result, the mass of the container and its contents

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.
D) Any of these could occur.

Question 12

The percentage by mass of carbon in methane, CH₄, is about

A) 25%.
B) 75%.
C) 80%.
D) 20%.

Question 13

The ratio by mass of carbon to hydrogen in 100 g of a certain compound is 6 to 1. The ratio in 200 g of the same compound will be

A) 24 to 1.
B) 6 to 1.
C) 12 to 1.
D) none of these.

Question 14

The percentage by mass of chlorine

A) would be the same in FeCl₃ as in FeCl₂.
B) would be greater in FeCl₃ than in FeCl₂.
C) would be less in FeCl₃ than in FeCl₂.
D) cannot be determined without additional information.

Question 15

What is the formula mass of ammonium phosphide, (NH₄)₃P?

A) 85.0 u
B) 49.0 u
C) 48.0 u
D) 57.0 u

Question 16

The percentage by mass of carbon

A) would be the same in CO as in CO₂.
B) would be greater in CO than in CO₂.
C) would be less in CO than in CO₂.
D) cannot be determined without additional information.

Question 17

The law of definite proportions states that different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by

A) mass.
B) atoms.
C) atomic number.
D) volume.

Question 18

The formula mass of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, is

A) 98 u.
B) 100 u.
C) 66 u.
D) 7 u.

Question 19

The percentage composition by mass of water is approximately

A) 2% H and 1% O.
B) 11% H and 89% O.
C) 1% H and 99% O.
D) 2% H and 16% O.

Question 20

Another name for solid carbon dioxide is

A) heavy water.
B) Epsom salt.
C) dry ice.
D) quicksilver.

Question 21

Element A, mass 10.00 g, reacts exactly with 2.00 g of element B to form 12.00 g of compound AB. If 5.00 g of element A is reacted with 2.00 g of element B to form the same compound, what mass of compound AB will be formed?

A) 7.00 g
B) 6.00 g
C) 17.00 g
D) 12.00 g

Question 22

When sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride, an ionic compound,

A) each sodium atom gains two electrons.
B) each sodium atom gains one electron.
C) each chlorine atom gains one electron.
D) each chlorine atom gains two electrons.

Question 23

A general principle of ionic compound formation is that the total ionic charge in the formula unit must be

A) 0.
B) no greater than that of the metal ion.
C) between +4 and -4.
D) no less than that of the nonmetal ion.

Question 24

When sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride, an ionic compound,

A) each sodium atom loses two electrons.
B) each sodium atom loses one electron.
C) each chlorine atom loses one electron.
D) each chlorine atom loses two electrons.

Question 25

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M¹⁺ and X^3-?

A) M₃X
B) MX₃
C) MX
D) None of these

Question 26

The atomic theory was revived and put on a solid experimental foundation in about 1803 by

A) Proust.
B) Dalton.
C) Boyle.
D) Lavoisier.

Question 27

Element A, mass 5.00 g, reacts exactly with 2.00 g of element B to form 7.00 g of compound AB. If 10.00 g of element A are reacted with 2.00 g of element B to form the same compound, what mass of compound AB will be formed?

A) 7.00 g
B) 5.00 g
C) 17.00 g
D) 12.00 g

Question 28

Element A, mass 9.00 g, reacts exactly with 5.00 g of element B to form 14.00 g of compound AB. If 36.00 g of element A is reacted with 41.00 g of element B to form the same compound, what mass of compound AB will be formed?

A) 9.00 g
B) 56.00 g
C) 9.00 g
D) 30.00 g

Question 29

What electric charge is characteristic for an ion of S?

A) 6+
B) 0
C) 2-
D) 2+

Question 30

What electric charge is characteristic for an ion of Cl?

A) 7+
B) 0
C) 1-
D) 1+

Question 31

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M³⁺ and X^2-?

A) M₂X
B) MX
C) M₂X₃
D) MX₂

Question 32

A likely ratio of the masses of oxygen in two different compounds of tin and oxygen, both of which contain the same mass of tin, is

A) 1.42 to 1.
B) 3.11 to 1.
C) 3.77 to 1.
D) 2 to 1.

Question 33

For a compound composed of ions, the smallest combination of ions that gives the formula of the compound is called a

A) molecule.
B) polyionic atom.
C) polyatomic ion.
D) formula unit.

Question 34

When potassium and sulfur react to form potassium sulfide, an ionic compound,

A) each sulfur atom loses two electrons.
B) each sulfur atom loses one electron.
C) each potassium atom loses one electron.
D) each potassium atom loses two electrons.

Question 35

A compound consists of only magnesium, carbon, and oxygen. If the percentage by mass of Mg is 63.9% and that of C is 12.2%, what is the percentage by mass of O?

A) 76.1%
B) 23.9%
C) 51.7%
D) 70.9%
E) None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following was not a part of Dalton's atomic theory?

A) Each element is composed of atoms, which are identical for that element.
B) The reactivity of elements involves changes in their electron configuration.
C) Chemical combination is the bonding of a definite number of atoms of each of the combining elements.
D) No atoms are gained, lost, or changed in identity during a chemical reaction.

Question 37

What electric charge is characteristic for an ion of O?

A) 6+
B) 0
C) 2-
D) 2+

Question 38

The octet rule states that the formula for a compound is derived by

A) using a minimum of 8 atoms.
B) using exactly 8 bonds in the formula unit.
C) having all atoms or ions get noble gas electron configurations.
D) having a net charge of magnitude 8.

Question 39

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M²⁺ and X^2-?

A) M₂X
B) MX
C) M₂X₂
D) MX₂

Question 40

What electric charge is characteristic for an ion of F?

A) 7+
B) 0
C) 1-
D) 1+

Question 41

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M²⁺ and X^3-?

A) MX
B) M₃X₂
C) M₂X₃
D) M₆X₆

Question 42

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 6A
D) 1A

Question 43

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M³⁺ and X^3-?

A) M₂X
B) MX
C) M₂X₃
D) MX₂

Question 44

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M¹⁺ and X^1-?

A) M₂X
B) MX
C) M₂X₂
D) MX₂

Question 45

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 3A
D) 5A

Question 46

The Lewis symbol X• would be characteristic of which group?

A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 6A
D) 1A

Question 47

What is the formula of a compound formed from the ions M³⁺ and X^1-?

A) M₃X
B) MX
C) M₂X₃
D) MX₃

Question 48

What is the formula of the compound formed from the ions of calcium and bromine?

A) CaBr₃
B) CaBr
C) CaBr₂
D) Ca₂Br₃
E) None of these

Question 49

Except for hydrogen and helium, atoms in chemical combination tend to have ______________ electrons in their outer shell.

A) 8
B) 14
C) 6
D) 2

Question 50

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 6A
B) 8A
C) 3A
D) 7A

Question 51

What is the formula of the compound formed from the ions of aluminum and oxygen?

A) Al₂O₃
B) AlO
C) AlO₃
D) None of these

Question 52

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 6A
B) 1A
C) 3A
D) 7A

Question 53

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 6A
B) 8A
C) 3A
D) 7A

Question 54

If a compound is solid, has a high melting point, conducts electricity in the liquid phase, and dissolves in water, it is most likely to be a(n)______________ compound.

A) intermediate
B) organic
C) covalent
D) ionic

Question 55

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 3A
D) 1A

Question 56

The Lewis symbol would be characteristic of which group?

A) 6A
B) 2A
C) 3A
D) 5A

Question 57

If atoms unite by transfer of electrons, they form

A) an organic compound.
B) an ionic compound.
C) a polar molecule.
D) a covalent compound.

Question 58

The ionic charge of the nitrite ion in Al(NO₂)₃, aluminum nitrite, must be

A) 3+.
B) 1-.
C) 3-.
D) 1+.

Question 59

The Lewis symbol •X• would be characteristic of which group?

A) 2A
B) 4A
C) 6A
D) 1A

Question 60

Combinations of atoms from the far right side of the periodic table with atoms from the far left side usually form ______________ compounds.

A) organic
B) ionic
C) covalent
D) polar

Question 61

A Group 6A nonmetal would be most likely to form an ionic bond with an element of Group

A) 4A.
B) 8A.
C) 2A.
D) 5A.

Question 62

Which of the following elements commonly forms an ion with a 1- charge?

A) Ag
B) N
C) Br
D) Na

Question 63

The sharing of two electrons by unlike atoms generally forms a(n) ______________ bond.

A) ionic
B) metallic
C) nonpolar
D) polar covalent

Question 64

The Lewis symbol of which of the following elements has a single dot on each of the four sides of the element's symbol?

A) Helium
B) Carbon
C) Beryllium
D) None of these

Question 65

Which of the following ions is not isoelectronic with the other three?

A) Cl^-
B) K⁺
C) Br^-
D) P^3-

Question 66

When atoms unite by transferring electrons, they should form

A) a polar molecule.
B) a covalent compound.
C) an ionic compound.
D) an organic compound.

Question 67

When hydrogen, from Group 1A, unites with chlorine, it forms a(n) ______________ compound.

A) ionic
B) metallic
C) covalent
D) organic

Question 68

What is the correct formula for calcium phosphate?

A) Ca₃P₂
B) Ca₂(PO₄)₃
C) Ca₃(PO₄)₂
D) Ca₂P₃

Question 69

The ionic compound made of Fe³⁺ and CO₃^2- ions would have the formula

A) Fe₃(CO₃)₂.
B) FeCO₃.
C) Fe₂(CO₃)₃.
D) none of these

Question 70

Which two elements are most likely to combine with one another to form an ionic compound?

A) B and Cl
B) Ra and Br
C) Mg and Ca
D) S and O

Question 71

Two atoms of hydrogen bond with an atom of oxygen to form a water molecule. This bonding is

A) covalent only.
B) polar only.
C) both covalent and polar.
D) none of these.

Question 72

If two atoms have equal electronegativity, a bond formed between them is generally

A) ionic.
B) nonpolar.
C) very weak.
D) polar.

Question 73

Which of the following compounds would be expected to be hard and brittle and to have a high melting point?

A) H₂SO₄
B) KBr
C) H₂C₂O₄
D) IF₇

Question 74

If two atoms have five electrons in the valence shell and are covalently bound, the molecule has a ______________ bond.

A) quadruple
B) double
C) triple
D) single

Question 75

A pair of electrons shared by two atoms forms

A) a metallic bond.
B) a double covalent bond.
C) a single covalent bond.
D) an ionic bond.

Question 76

A Group 7A element would be most likely to form a covalent bond with elements of Group

A) 2A.
B) 1A.
C) 8A.
D) 6A.

Question 77

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with a neon atom?

A) N^3-
B) Li⁺
C) Cl^-
D) F^2-

Question 78

The anion in the common ionic substance NaHCO₃ is

A) CO₃^2-.
B) H⁺.
C) Na⁺.
D) HCO₃^-.

Question 79

Compounds tend to be ______________ compounds if they are formed from two or more nonmetals.

A) covalent
B) organic
C) polar
D) ionic

Question 80

Which of the following ions would never form in chemical reactions?

A) F^2-
B) Al³⁺
C) O^2-
D) N^3-