Deck 10: Clinical Assessment, Mental Health, and Mental Disorders

Question 1

In defining psychopathology in older adults, it is important to not only take into account the person's age and personal characteristics, but also the

A)testing situation.
B)intrapersonal factors.
C)context.
D)life-cycle factors.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Therapy for mental disorders generally involves two approaches: medical treatment and

A)hospitalization.
B)medication.
C)psychotherapy.
D)institutionalization.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A community study in Korea and an examination of records in a day hospital in Italy both lend support for the idea that there are differences in the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression.

A)income
B)education
C)racial
D)gender

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Birren and Renner's definition, which of the following does not characterize mentally healthy people?

A)personality balance
B)mastery of the environment
C)lack of touch with reality
D)growth and self-actualization

Question 5

are useful quick screening measures of mental competence.

A)Life skills exams
B)Multidimensional assessments
C)Neuropsychological assessments
D)Mental status exams

Question 6

Differences in prevalence rates of mental disorders across racial and ethnic groups are grounded in which two factors?

A)diet and exercise
B)poverty and social class
C)language and education level
D)generation and geographic location

Question 7

A belief that an older adult is cute and could not possibly abuse drugs may cause a doctor to not diagnose or misdiagnose a drug problem.This is an example of

A)a positive environmental condition.
B)a negative environmental condition.
C)a positive bias.
D)a negative bias.

Question 8

Having an older adult demonstrate an ability on a specific task is an example of a

A)direct observation.
B)clinical interview.
C)neuropsychological assessment.
D)performance-based assessment.

Question 9

Using the developmental forces perspective, changes in memory, intelligence, and personality are examples of

A)biological factors.
B)psychological factors.
C)sociocultural factors.
D)life-cycle factors.

Question 10

According to developmental theory, it is important that clinicians

A)are sensitive to developmental issues facing people of different ages.
B)identify psychotherapy methods that work with all ages.
C)only work with one age group.
D)examine each individual with life review therapy.

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors may be considered abnormal in younger adults but may be considered adaptive in older adults?

A)passivity
B)paranoia
C)autonomy
D)hostility

Question 12

Using the developmental forces perspective, the genetic component of Alzheimer's disease would be classified as

A)an interpersonal factor.
B)a psychological factor.
C)a biological factor.
D)a life-cycle factor.

Question 13

The formal process of measuring, understanding, and predicting behavior is known as

A)a life-course review.
B)assessment.
C)examination of available resources.
D)psychological testing.

Question 14

, which is often conducted by a team of professionals, is the most effective type of assessment.

A)A holistic approach
B)Multidimensional assessment
C)Neuropsychological testing
D)Life-review assessment

Question 15

are the most widely used assessment methods.

A)Direct observations
B)Clinical interviews
C)Neuropsychological assessments
D)Performance-based assessments

Question 16

Health care professionals should when assessing and treating adults of widely different ages.

A)always use the same approach
B)not use identical approaches
C)always try medication first
D)try behavioral therapy first

Question 17

As noted in Chapter 1, without the psychometric properties of and , we cannot rely on assessment methods to provide good quality information.

A)reliability; validity
B)theory; research
C)cross-sectional; longitudinal studies
D)interviews; questionnaires

Question 18

Using the developmental forces perspective, an older adult who is vague in answering questions because his generation was socialized not to disclose one's inner self to strangers is an example of

A)a sociocultural factor.
B)a psychological factor.
C)a biological factor.
D)a life-cycle factor.

Question 19

All of the following are psychophysiological measures except

A)electroencephalograms.
B)heart rate.
C)respiration rate.
D)skin temperature.

Question 20

Because customs differ across cultures, behavior that may be normative in one culture may be indicative of problems in another.This points to the importance of understanding when defining psychopathology.

A)sociocultural influences
B)biological influences
C)psychological influences
D)life-cycle influences

Question 21

The most important difficulty in using depression assessment measures with older adults is that most measures have been developed on younger individuals and they include items assessing

A)physical symptoms.
B)sexual behavior.
C)substance use.
D)family relationships.

Question 22

For which group is ECT not recommended?

A)people whose depression has lasted a long time
B)people who are suicidal
C)people with mild depression
D)people who do not respond to medications

Question 23

Many older adults admitted to the hospital for depressive symptoms turn out to have previously undiagnosed

A)anxiety disorders.
B)schizophrenia.
C)medical problems.
D)substance abuse.

Question 24

The drug(s) of choice to treat bipolar disorder is/are

A)heterocyclic antidepressants.
B)lithium.
C)ECT.
D)MAO inhibitors.

Question 25

A major theme of psychosocial theories of depression is

A)loss.
B)self-esteem.
C)ego.
D)growth.

Question 26

The drug(s) used to treat depression that may produce dangerous interactions with food, such as cheddar cheese, is/are

A)heterocyclic antidepressants.
B)lithium.
C)ECTs.
D)MAO inhibitors.

Question 27

Withdrawing, not speaking to others, confining oneself to one's bed, and not taking care of bodily functions is more common in who are depressed.

A)older adults
B)younger adults
C)women
D)men

Question 28

The most common drug(s) used to treat depression are

A)SSRIs.
B)lithium.
C)ECTs.
D)MAO inhibitors.

Question 29

Because lithium is a salt, it raises blood pressure.Thus, it is dangerous for people who

A)have hypertension or kidney disease.
B)experience high rates of anxiety.
C)take SSRIs.
D)have certain types of cancers.

Question 30

Which disorder is characterized by periods of depression and mania?

A)schizophrenia
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)multiple personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 31

The most obvious sign of clinical depression is

A)dyspnea.
B)dysphoria.
C)apathy.
D)lack of expression.

Question 32

Which of the following is not used in diagnosing depression?

A)dysphoria
B)length of time symptoms have been present
C)excessive worry
D)physical symptoms

Question 33

To be diagnosed with clinical depression, the symptoms must be present for at least

A)2 days.
B)2 weeks.
C)2 months.
D)There is no criteria for how long symptoms must be present in order to diagnose clinical depression.

Question 34

Approximately of older adults living in the community show signs of depression.However, this number rises to more than for those adults who require home health care.

A)1%; 5%
B)3%; 30%
C)5%; 13%
D)13%; 50%

Question 35

Insomnia, diffuse pain, changes in appetite, headaches, and fatigue are common physical symptoms that can accompany

A)delirium.
B)clinical depression.
C)excessive worry.
D)substance abuse problems.

Question 36

If there are higher rates of depression in the relatives of depressed people than would be expected given the base rates in the population, then this argues for a cause of depression.

A)biological
B)social
C)cultural
D)psychological

Question 37

A major problem in assessing depression in older adults is

A)deciding which test to use among the many valid ones available.
B)most tests were developed on young and middle-aged adults and work best with those age groups.
C)testing has been outlawed in many countries.
D)the lack of any differences between older and younger adults' scores.

Question 38

Tina is demonstrating dysphoria, a common symptom of depression.Dysphoria is characterized as

A)being pessimistic.
B)feeling down or blue.
C)restlessness.
D)being irritable.

Question 39

Compared with younger adults, the rate of clinical depression in older adults is

A)higher.
B)lower.
C)the same.
D)unknown.

Question 40

Believing that depression involves internal belief systems characterizes

A)cognitive theories.
B)biological theories.
C)psychoanalytic theories.
D)biosocial theories.

Question 41

Which of the following therapies is especially effective with older adults?

A)cognitive behavioral
B)psychoanalysis
C)medication
D)ECT

Question 42

About one-third of cases of are preventable.

A)depression
B)delirium
C)dementia
D)bipolar disorder

Question 43

Alzheimer's disease accounts for as many as of all cases of dementia.

A)30%
B)45%
C)60%
D)70%

Question 44

occur when the fibers of the axon become twisted together.

A)Neurofibrillary tangles
B)Granulovacuolar bodies
C)Synaptic nodes
D)Neuritic plaques

Question 45

A type of therapy that emphasizes increasing the number of rewards or reinforcements people receive from their environment is

A)psychoanalytic therapy.
B)behavioral therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)drug therapy.

Question 46

What do early­onset Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease have in common?

A)pattern of neurological changes
B)autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission
C)age of onset
D)types of neurotransmitters involved

Question 47

Dementias serious enough to impair independent functioning affect nearly million people globally.

A)7
B)37
C)57
D)107

Question 48

Therapy based on the notion that depression results from maladaptive beliefs about oneself is

A)cognitive.
B)behavioral.
C)psychoeducational.
D)reminiscence.

Question 49

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease depends on

A)a mental status exam.
B)CT and PET scans.
C)an autopsy.
D)genetic screening.

Question 50

Impaired awareness of self and surroundings, attention deficits, disorientation, and a rapid change in symptoms and their severity are characteristic of

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)Huntington's disease.
C)delusions.
D)delirium.

Question 51

Alzheimer's disease has an average duration of years from the onset of noticeable symptoms to death.

A)2
B)5
C)9
D)15

Question 52

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include

A)declines in memory.
B)difficulty in finding words.
C)changes in personality.
D)all of these.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a microscopic change used to define Alzheimer's disease at autopsy?

A)neurofibrillary tangles
B)choline acetyltransferase decline
C)rapid cell death
D)neuritic plaques

Question 54

Dementia is

A)a specific disease.
B)a family of diseases.
C)an inherited disease.
D)a reversible disease.

Question 55

A type of therapy that emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs and thoughts is

A)psychoanalytic therapy.
B)behavioral therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)drug therapy.

Question 56

refers to behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease tending to be worse in the evening than in the morning.

A)Sunrising
B)Sundowning
C)Evening dominance
D)Positive symptom pattern

Question 57

is characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits that involve permanent damage to the brain.

A)Depression
B)Dementia
C)Delirium
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 58

Changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease may be

A)an exaggeration of normal aging.
B)a qualitatively different from normal aging.
C)similar to other forms of dementia.
D)similar to changes due to Huntington's disease.

Question 59

The most common form of dementia is

A)Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.
B)Pick's disease.
C)Alzheimer's disease.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Question 60

Damaged and dying neurons that collect around a core of amyloid protein produce

A)neurofibrillary tangles.
B)granulovacuolar bodies.
C)synaptic nodes.
D)neuritic plaques.

Question 61

Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?

A)anxiety state
B)bipolar disorder
C)phobic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 62

The most promising work relating to the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease has focused on

A)chromosome 14.
B)Down syndrome.
C)amyloid protein.
D)types of neurotransmitters involved.

Question 63

Dixie believes that people are spying on her and that she talks to the president when she is at the laundromat.Dixie is exhibiting hallmarks of which disorder?

A)schizophrenia
B)multiple personality
C)Huntington's disease
D)anxiety

Question 64

Treatment for substance abuse in all age groups focuses on

A)stabilization and reduction in consumption.
B)treatment of coexisting problems.
C)appropriate social interventions.
D)all of the these.

Question 65

Which disease is known primarily for its characteristic motor symptoms that include slow walking, difficulty getting into and out of chairs, and slow hand tremors?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)AIDS dementia complex
C)Huntington's disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 66

Which of the following is not a symptom of anxiety?

A)dry mouth
B)dizziness
C)hyperventilation
D)dysphoria

Question 67

Which of the following is primarily designed to allow caregivers to get away?

A)milieu therapy
B)respite care
C)adult day care
D)stress relief care

Question 68

Which of the following diseases is an autosomal dominant disorder that generally manifests itself through involuntary flicking of the arms and legs and can include psychological disturbances such as hallucinations and paranoia?

A)Huntington's disease
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)Schmidt's disease
D)Wernicke-Korsakoff disease

Question 69

Most patients with dementia are cared for

A)at home by family.
B)at home by health care workers.
C)in nursing homes.
D)in adult care homes.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Caregivers experience considerable stress.
B)Sons are more likely to be caregivers than daughters.
C)Caregivers' perceptions of problems are more important than stage of the disease.
D)Female caregivers become more emotionally involved than male caregivers.

Question 71

Using which behavioral technique can caregivers reduce difficult behaviors of Alzheimer's patients?

A)milieu therapy
B)differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
C)spaced reinforcement
D)cognitive retraining

Question 72

During dinnertime Joe, an Alzheimer's patient, often acts out and throws his food.However, tonight he is sitting quietly and eating; this prompts the nursing home staff to reward Joe.The most likely technique the staff is employing is

A)milieu therapy.
B)differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.
C)spaced reinforcement.
D)cognitive retraining.

Question 73

Which of the following is not a recommendation that a caregiver of a dementia patient should consider?

A)institutionalize the patient immediately and without question
B)make realistic financial plans
C)maximize the patient's opportunity to function
D)involve the patient in decisions as much as possible

Question 74

The two groups of drugs for Alzheimer's disease that are approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration are cholinesterase inhibitors and

A)SSRIs.
B)MAO inhibitors.
C)lithium.
D)memantine.

Question 75

A form of dementia brought on by multiple infarcts or strokes is known as

A)Pick's disease.
B)AIDS disease.
C)vascular dementia.
D)Huntington's disease.

Question 76

For older adults, the clear treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is

A)medications such as benzodiazepines.
B)psychotherapy such as relaxation techniques.
C)medications such as SSRIs.
D)life review therapies.

Question 77

As many as of older adults suffer from anxiety disorders.

A)1%
B)15%
C)33%
D)75%

Question 78

Traditional treatment of schizophrenia consists of

A)psychotherapy.
B)lithium.
C)antipsychotic medications.
D)MAO inhibitors.

Question 79

Older adults are at increased risk for abusing alcohol if they simply continue their alcohol habits from earlier points in their lives.This is because, with age, we

A)metabolize alcohol more slowly.
B)drink more to get the same effect.
C)find that alcohol is easier to obtain.
D)have more serious interactions between alcohol and other medications.

Question 80

Which of the following may have a sudden onset after a CVA? Its progression is described as stepwise and highly variable across people.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)AIDS dementia complex
C)vascular dementia
D)Alzheimer's disease