Deck 50: Reproduction

Question 1

Internal fertilization is more advantageous than external fertilization because it:

A) permits cross-species fertilization.
B) is more open to chance.
C) produces a motile egg.
D) increases the life span of gametes.
E) provides a protective environment for gamete fusion.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Why are mitochondria present in the sperm?

A) to provide energy for the movement of the flagellum
B) to provide energy for the acrosome to penetrate the egg
C) to provide nutrients for the sperm
D) to provide nutrients for the developing embryo
E) to provide energy for the maturation of the sperm

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 50-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
What is the function of the structure that is labeled 7 in Figure 50-2?

A) maintaining sperm below body temperature
B) storage of mature sperm
C) production of prostaglandins
D) production of nutritive fluid to support active sperm
E) production of an alkaline fluid to protect sperm in the vagina

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following can reproduce asexually?

A) amphibians.
B) insects.
C) gastropods.
D) fishes.
E) cnidarians.

Question 5

Sperm pass through several stages during their development.The earliest stage in which the cell becomes haploid is the:

A) sperm.
B) spermatid.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) spermatogonium.

Question 6

Asexual reproduction can involve all of the following processes except:

A) splitting.
B) budding.
C) fertilization.
D) fragmentation.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 7

Figure 50-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-1.Which cells would be on the blood side of the blood testes barrier?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 8

The inguinal canal is located in the:

A) abdominal wall.
B) scrotum.
C) epididymis.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) vas deferens.

Question 9

Arrange the stages of sperm development in chronological order. 1)
Sperm
2)
Spermatid
3)
Primary spermatocyte
4)
Secondary spermatocyte
5)
Spermatogonium

A) 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1
B) 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1
C) 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 5
D) 2 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1
E) 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1

Question 10

Figure 50-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-2.Which of the labeled structures refers to the prostate gland?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 11

One secondary spermatocyte ultimately produces __________ mature sperm.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) Cannot be determined.

Question 12

According to the mathematical model developed by Wayne Getz to predict the existence of asexual or sexual reproduction within a population:

A) the offspring produced by sexual reproduction would be most successful in a stable environment.
B) clones produced by asexual reproduction would succeed in an unstable environment.
C) both strategies would coexist under conditions of moderate change.
D) one assumption is that the offspring of sexual reproduction will use resources in the same way.
E) one assumption is that the offspring of asexual reproduction will use resources differently.

Question 13

Figure 50-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-2.The function of the structure labeled 6 is:

A) to secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) to produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) to provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) to secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) to maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 14

Figure 50-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-2.If a cut was made between numbers 6 and 10:

A) seminal fluid would not be produced.
B) sperm cells would not be produced.
C) sperm maturation would be inhibited.
D) the seminal vesicles and the testes would be below the cut.
E) None of these.

Question 15

Which is not true concerning Sertoli cells?

A) They secrete hormones.
B) They are joined by tight junctions.
C) They form a blood-testis barrier.
D) They phagocytize discarded sperm cytoplasm.
E) They facilitate the movement of sperm into the blood.

Question 16

Spermatogenesis takes place in which of the following structures?

A) seminiferous tubules
B) seminal vesicles
C) prostate gland
D) bulbourethral glands
E) glans

Question 17

If humans reproduced by parthenogenesis:

A) males would need to produce more sperm.
B) external fertilization would be necessary.
C) the number of females in the population would most likely increase.
D) the population would not reproduce asexually.
E) no gametes would be produced.

Question 18

One advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:

A) sexual reproduction is faster.
B) sexual reproduction is less difficult to achieve.
C) sexual reproduction is particularly effective for sessile animals.
D) sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity.
E) sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.

Question 19

A mature sperm consists of all of the following structures except:

A) an acrosome.
B) a flagellum.
C) a head.
D) an inguinal canal.
E) a midpiece.

Question 20

Figure 50-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Based on Figure 50-1, which of the following cells is diploid?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 21

The seminal vesicles secrete:

A) fructose, which nourishes the developing embryo.
B) a basic fluid, which neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina.
C) mucus, which lubricates the penis.
D) sperm, which fertilize the ovum.
E) prostaglandins, which stimulate contraction of the uterus.

Question 22

Semen consists of:

A) sperm only.
B) secretions of accessory glands only.
C) sperm plus urine.
D) sperm plus secretions of accessory glands.
E) sperm plus urine plus secretions of accessory glands.

Question 23

In an adult male, the __________ extends through the inguinal canal.

A) scrotum
B) ejaculatory duct
C) vas deferens
D) seminal vesicles
E) urethra

Question 24

Which cells in the testes produce testosterone?

A) Sertoli cells
B) luteinizing cells
C) glycoprotein cells
D) interstitial cells
E) sperm cells

Question 25

Both male and female gonads function to: 1)
Produce gametes.
2)
Produce hormones.
3)
Transfer gametes.
4)
Nourish the embryo.
5)
Influence secondary sexual characteristics.

A) answers 1 and 2
B) answers 2 and 4
C) answers 3, 4, and 5
D) answers 1, 2, and 5
E) answers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 26

Figure 50-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the structures in Figure 50-3 is responsible for the production of hormones?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 7

Question 27

An erection of the penis results most directly from:

A) the bone present in the penis.
B) dilation of the veins leading from the penis.
C) contraction of the muscles within the penis.
D) dilation of the arteries in the penis.
E) a blocking of enzymes within the penis.

Question 28

Which of the following hormones is not involved in stimulating spermatogenesis?

A) inhibin
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) interstitial cell stimulating hormone
D) luteinizing hormone
E) testosterone

Question 29

The accessory glands of the male are the:

A) seminal vesicles only.
B) prostate gland only.
C) bulbourethral glands only.
D) seminal vesicles and prostate gland.
E) seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Question 30

Which of the following sequences is incorrect?

A) Males: inhibin: secreted by Sertoli cells
B) Males: follicle-stimulating hormone: stimulate production of androgen binding protein
C) Males: gonadotropin-releasing hormone: stimulate testosterone production
D) Females: luteinizing hormone: stimulate ovulation
E) Females: inhibin: decreased secretion of FSH

Question 31

An example of a primary sex characteristic in males is:

A) growth of facial hair.
B) growth of body hair.
C) spermatogenesis.
D) muscle development.
E) increase in length of vocal cords.

Question 32

Figure 50-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-2.The function of the structure labeled 3 is:

A) to secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) to produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) to provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) to secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) None of these.

Question 33

Organize the sequence of structures through which sperm must pass upon ejaculation. 1)
Urethra
2)
Ejaculatory duct
3)
Epididymis
4)
Vas deferens

A) 3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 4
B) 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1
C) 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1
D) 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 1
E) 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1

Question 34

Fertility is impaired when a male's sperm count drops below _____ sperm per milliliter of semen, and he is considered sterile if his sperm count drops below _______ sperm per milliliter of semen..

A) 500 million; 200 million
B) 100 million; 50 million
C) 35 million; 20 million
D) 2 million; 1 million
E) 500,000; 100,000

Question 35

The function of the epididymis is to:

A) secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids of the vagina.
B) produce a nutritive fluid for the sperm.
C) provide a place for maturation and storage of sperm.
D) secrete mucus that lubricates the penis.
E) maintain sperm at a low body temperature.

Question 36

In the female, __________ stimulates follicle maturation.

A) GnRH
B) LH
C) FSH
D) estrogen
E) progesterone

Question 37

In males, gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the __________ to secrete __________.

A) anterior pituitary; inhibin
B) anterior pituitary; FSH and LH
C) anterior pituitary; testosterone
D) posterior pituitary; FSH and LH
E) posterior pituitary; testosterone

Question 38

The erectile tissue in the penis includes the:

A) prepuce.
B) mons pubis.
C) cavernous bodies.
D) seminal vesicles.
E) vas deferens.

Question 39

Figure 50-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-3.The cervix is labeled:

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 7
E) 8

Question 40

What is the function of inhibin?

A) to inhibit sperm production
B) to concentrate testosterone in the testes
C) to inhibit FSH secretion
D) to stimulate FSH secretion
E) to stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Question 41

Which of the following is not part of the vulva?

A) labia minora
B) vestibule of the vagina
C) clitoris
D) endometrium
E) mons pubis

Question 42

The __________ develops into a corpus luteum.

A) zona pellucida
B) uterine wall
C) primary oocyte
D) secondary oocyte
E) follicle

Question 43

Figure 50-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Fertilization occurs within which of the structures in Figure 50-3?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7
E) 8

Question 44

Granulosa cells surround a:

A) primary oocyte.
B) secondary oocyte.
C) primary spermatocyte.
D) secondary spermatocyte.
E) Sertoli cell.

Question 45

Figure 50-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the structures on Figure 50-3 is a common site of cancer that can usually be detected by a Pap smear?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 46

After fertilization, which hormone is secreted by the developing embryo to maintain the function of the corpus luteum?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) hCG
D) ACTH
E) LH

Question 47

The acrosome contains enzymes that:

A) digest the zona pellucida.
B) digest the endometrium.
C) stimulate ovulation.
D) stimulate sperm motility.
E) inhibit premature ejaculation.

Question 48

Arrange the following stages of oogenesis in sequential order. 1)
Secondary oocyte
2)
Oogonium
3)
Ovum
4)
Primary oocyte

A) 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 3
B) 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1
C) 3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1
D) 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1
E) 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 3

Question 49

The female erectile structure analogous to the male glans penis is the:

A) vulva.
B) labia majora.
C) mons pubis.
D) hymen.
E) clitoris.

Question 50

After ovulation, the ovum remains fertile for about __________.

A) 1 hour
B) 6 hours
C) 24 hours
D) 2 days
E) 3 days

Question 51

The lining of the uterus is called the:

A) diaphragm.
B) endothelium.
C) endometrium.
D) hymen.
E) cervix.

Question 52

Tubal pregnancy occurs as a result of:

A) scarring and blockage of the oviducts.
B) abnormal fertilization taking place in the oviducts.
C) the abnormal beating of the cilia away from the uterus and not toward it.
D) the release of more than one ovum during ovulation.
E) endometriosis.

Question 53

Figure 50-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Use Figure 50-4 to predict on which day of a 28-day menstrual cycle estrogen levels would peak.

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 18
E) 22

Question 54

In the female, the __________ serves as a temporary endocrine gland and secretes __________.

A) pituitary; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) ovaries; testosterone and luteinizing hormone
C) endometrium; estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) corpus luteum; progesterone and estrogens
E) uterus; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 55

Figure 50-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-4.The peak in ________ around day 21 corresponds with __________.

A) luteinizing hormone; ovulation
B) follicle-stimulating hormone; the development of the follicle
C) estrogen; breakdown of the endometrium
D) progesterone; continuing to build up the endometrium
E) estrogen; ovulation

Question 56

Colostrum is:

A) a protein fluid produced by the mammary gland.
B) the fluid secreted by the vagina in response to sexual stimulation.
C) the hormone that stimulates lactation.
D) the hormone that stimulates ejection of milk into the breasts.
E) a fluid secreted by the uterus during menstruation.

Question 57

Which of the following is not one of the four phases of sexual response?

A) orgasm
B) stimulation
C) resolution
D) plateau
E) sexual excitement

Question 58

Which of the following hormones stimulates ovulation?

A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) estrogen
E) progesterone

Question 59

One function of the developing follicle is to:

A) stimulate ovulation.
B) secrete progesterone.
C) secrete estrogens.
D) secrete prolactin.
E) secrete glycoproteins, which promote sperm motility.

Question 60

Figure 50-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 50-4.Which of the following statements concerning the corpus luteum is false?

A) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled 1.
B) It is responsible for the second peak in the line labeled 2.
C) It is responsible for the first peak in the line labeled 1.
D) It develops from the empty follicle following ovulation.
E) It is most active between days 18 to 26.

Question 61

During the second stage of labor:

A) the cervix begins to dilate.
B) the cervix becomes effaced.
C) the fetus is "delivered."
D) the uterus begins to contract.
E) the amnion breaks.

Question 62

In females, a primary oocyte completes meiosis II at the time of fertilization.
____________________

Question 63

Spermatogenesis takes place in the epididymis.
____________________

Question 64

Currently, the most effective method of birth control is:

A) spermicide.
B) an IUD.
C) injectable contraceptives.
D) oral contraceptives.
E) a condom.

Question 65

Sperm travel from the epididymis directly into the vas deferens.
____________________

Question 66

Testosterone is produced by the interstitial cells.
____________________

Question 67

The bulbourethral glands secrete a fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins.
____________________

Question 68

Which of the following statements about breast cancer is false?

A) Cigarette smoking, obesity, and alcohol use have all been linked to a higher risk of breast cancer.
B) With early diagnosis and treatment, almost 90% of breast cancer patients survive for five years.
C) Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.
D) Growth of about two-thirds of breast cancers is enhanced by circulating estrogens and progesterone.
E) 10% of breast cancers are familial.

Question 69

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with asexual and sexual reproduction.

Question 70

Which of the following hormones inhibits contraction of the uterus?

A) cortisol
B) oxytocin
C) prostaglandins
D) progesterone
E) estrogen

Question 71

Afterbirth refers collectively to:

A) the fetus and the placenta.
B) the fetus and the surrounding fetal membranes.
C) the fetus and the umbilical cord.
D) the placenta and the fetal membranes.
E) the fetus, the umbilical cord, and the placenta.

Question 72

Parthenogenesis is a form of sexual reproduction.
____________________

Question 73

Acrosomes contain nutrients for the developing sperm cells, and they also secrete hormones and other signaling molecules.
____________________

Question 74

An example of a secondary sexual characteristic in males is spermatogenesis.
____________________

Question 75

In which of the following is a laparoscope used to guide the transfer of eggs and sperm into a woman's oviduct?

A) IUI.
B) host mothering.
C) in vitro fertilization.
D) gamete intrafallopian transfer.
E) zygote intrafallopian transfer.

Question 76

Which of the following is not a method of contraception?

A) progestin
B) tubal ligation
C) IUDs
D) RU-496
E) spermicidal foam

Question 77

In hermaphroditism, a single individual produces both sperm and eggs.
____________________

Question 78

All of the following reasons-except one-explain why so many sperm are ejaculated when only one is needed for fertilization.Which is the incorrect reason?

A) Many sperm die by phagocytosis in the female tract.
B) Many sperm swim up the wrong oviduct.
C) The enzymes from many acrosomes are needed to penetrate the corona radiata.
D) Many male pronuclei must be present in order to fuse with each female pronucleus.
E) Many sperm die as a result of the unfavorable pH in the vagina.

Question 79

Secondary spermatocytes are produced in the first meiotic division.
____________________

Question 80

Following ovulation, the follicle develops into a corpus luteum.
____________________