Deck 31: Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

Question 1

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as __________ larvaE.

A)veliger
B)trochophore
C)planula
D)nauplius
E)zoea

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Hundreds or thousands of individuals of certain __________ form colonies in which each polyp has a special function such as feeding, reproduction, or defensE.

A)sea anemones
B)hydrozoans
C)jellyfish
D)ctenophores
E)sponges

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Members of the phylum __________ are the simplest organisms that have a separate mouth and anus.

A)Platyhelminthes
B)Ctenophora
C)Cnidaria
D)Porifera
E)Placozoa

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Cnidarians are __________, meaning they have two tissue layers.

A)diploid
B)protostomes
C)diploblastic
D)bilateral
E)hermaphroditic

Question 5

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed in specialized cells called:

A)choanocytes.
B)cnidocils.
C)pseudopodiA.
D)nerve nets.
E)cnidocytes.

Question 6

Sea anemones, unlike scyphozoans, have a partitioned gastrovascular cavity.This serves as a means of:

A)harboring enteric bacteriA.
B)digesting very large food items.
C)harboring photosynthetic zooxanthellaE.
D)digesting different categories of organic molecules in different areas.
E)decreasing the surface area of the gastrovascular cavity.

Question 7

Sponge larvae:

A)are miniature sponges that float about in the plankton.
B)crawl along the bottom like an amoebA.
C)are flagellated and able to swim.
D)bud off the adult spongE.
E)float out of the adult, fall to the bottom, and attach to form a new sponge.

Question 8

Which of the following are in the class Anthozoa?

A)Hydra
B)Obelia
C)Cyanea
D)corals
E)jellyfish

Question 9

Most representatives of the phylum Porifera gain nutrition as:

A)parasites.
B)predators.
C)autotrophs.
D)herbivores.
E)suspension feeders.

Question 10

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

A)three tissue layers.
B)a single epidermal layer.
C)loosely organized cells.
D)two epidermal layers with scattered mesophyll cells in between.
E)inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea.

Question 11

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

A)PoriferA.
B)CnidariA.
C)CtenophorA.
D)MolluscA.
E)Arthropoda.

Question 12

Traditionally, the _______ were assigned to the basal group called ParazoA.

A)jellyfish
B)sponges
C)flatworms
D)roundworms
E)ribbon worms

Question 13

Digestion in a sponge takes place in:

A)the osculum.
B)individual cells.
C)the spongocoel.
D)the spiculE.E.the mesophyll.

Question 14

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to:

A)HydrA.
B)jellyfish.
C)sea anemones.
D)Portuguese man-of-war.
E)hydrozoans.

Question 15

The Portuguese man-of-war belongs to the class:

A)CnidozoA.
B)ScyphozoA.
C)HydrozoA.
D)AnthozoA.
E)Cubezoa.

Question 16

Although corals can capture prey, they also depend on __________ for nutrition.

A)a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic zooxanthellae
B)a symbiotic relationship with lichens
C)the dead animals found on the ocean floor
D)photosynthesis since they are part animal and plant
E)a symbiotic relationship with a fish

Question 17

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

A)amebocytes.
B)spicules.
C)spongin.
D)collar cells.
E)oscula.

Question 18

Ctenophores capture food by:

A)sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates.
B)adhesive glue cells that trap prey.
C)stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates.
D)digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates.
E)filter feeding.

Question 19

Among the scyphozoans, the __________ stage is reduced or absent.

A)polyp
B)hydra
C)medusa
D)larval
E)juvenile

Question 20

Most sponges are __________, meaning that one individual can produce both male and female gametes.

A)asexual
B)hermaphroditic
C)indeterminate
D)heterozygous
E)enterocoelous

Question 21

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on __________ for achieving circulation and gas exchangE.

A)blood
B)hemolymph
C)diffusion
D)hearts
E)lungs

Question 22

Figure 31-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-2.The structure labeled 5 is used for:

A)food intakE.
B)digestion.
C)locating fooD.
D)coordination of movement.
E)locomotion.

Question 23

If flatworms lacked protonephridia:

A)they would not be able to reproducE.
B)they would not be considered to be hermaphrodites.
C)they would have difficulty with orientation.
D)they would have difficulty with fluid balancE.
E)they would have difficulty sensing prey.

Question 24

The intermediate host for many flukes is a:

A)human.
B)cow.
C)dog.
D)cat.
E)snail.

Question 25

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

A)It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.
B)It is a larval stage found in the Lophotrochozoa and the EcdysozoA.
C)It is a structure used for locomotion in the LophophoratA.
D)It is the opening also referred to as the anus in the EcdysozoA.
E)It is one of the openings to the excretory system of phylum Platyhelminthes.

Question 26

Ribbon worms have a unique __________ that is used to capture prey.

A)proboscis
B)tentacle
C)set of jaws
D)claw
E)forked leg

Question 27

Figure 31-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-2.Which structure is the mouth in this animal?

A)1
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)8

Question 28

Figure 31-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The individual cars of a freight train could be used to describe:

A)the structure of a cestodE.
B)the structure of a mollusk.
C)the structure of a gastropoD.
D)the structure of a chiton.
E)the structure of a nemertean.

Question 29

If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating parasitic flukes?

A)eliminate clams from the ocean shoreline
B)eliminate freshwater snails
C)avoid eating undercooked pork
D)avoid eating undercooked beef
E)avoid coming in contact with infected individuals

Question 30

Figure 31-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The nervous system of many species of flatworms:

A)consists of a single, large ganglion in the anterior enD.
B)is sometimes referred to as tubelikE.
C)includes two dorsal nerve cords.
D)is diffuse and netlikE.
E)is a "ladder-type."

Question 31

Figure 31-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-2.Which structure contains chemoreceptors for locating food?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6

Question 32

Free-living flatworms belong to the class:

A)MonogenA.
B)LophotrochozoA.
C)TurbellariA.
D)CestodA.
E)Chelicerata.

Question 33

Figure 31-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

A)proglottiD.
B)cnidocytE.
C)auriclE.
D)protonephridiA.
E)scolex.

Question 34

Figure 31-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Most mollusks are:

A)found in fresh water.
B)marinE.
C)terrestrial.
D)arboreal.
E)parasitic.

Question 35

Tapeworm(s):

A)have a tubelike digestive system.
B)have a closed circulatory system.
C)bodies consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.
D)have a well developed sensory system to find vertebrate hosts.
E)life cycles are simple and completed in their vertebrate hosts.

Question 36

Taking a laxative might have an impact on the survival and reproduction of which of the following organisms?

A)planarians
B)cestodes
C)trematodes
D)nemerteans
E)intestinal flukes

Question 37

Figure 31-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The structure shown in Figure 31-3 is from an animal in phylum:

A)CestodA.
B)TurbellariA.
C)TrematodA.
D)MonogeneA.
E)Platyhelminthes.

Question 38

Figure 31-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-3.The structures labeled 1 are used for:

A)feeding.
B)reproduction.
C)attachment.
D)movement.
E)protection.

Question 39

The type of excretory structures characteristic of class Turbellaria are:

A)protonemas.
B)protonephridiA.
C)nephridiA.
D)Malpighian tubules.
E)antennal organs.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about the first animals to show cephalization is false?

A)These animals were triploblastiC.
B)These animals are placed in the group LophotrochozoA.
C)These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes.
D)These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development.
E)These animals had a proboscis.

Question 41

Figure 31-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

A)torsion
B)poisonous salivary secretions
C)a hard shell
D)rapidly changing colors
E)a modified radula

Question 42

Which of the following is a shell-less mollusk?

A)a nudibranch
B)a scallop
C)a pulmonate gastropod
D)a chiton
E)a squid

Question 43

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

A)radula
B)metamorphosis
C)parapodia
D)mantle
E)visceral mass

Question 44

Figure 31-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Annelids:

A)have a visceral mass.
B)have a segmented body.
C)surround their body with a mantlE.
D)move with a muscular foot.
E)have an open circulatory system.

Question 45

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-5.In which class is this organism placed?

A)Cephalopoda
B)Gastropoda
C)Polyplacophora
D)Bivalvia
E)Chromodoris

Question 46

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-5.Which structure is involved in respiration?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8
E)9

Question 47

Which of the following terms can be associated with many species of mollusks?

A)chelicerae
B)pupa
C)radula
D)pen
E)internal shell

Question 48

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-5.What is the function of the structure labeled 5?

A)circulation
B)reproduction
C)digestion
D)movement
E)respiration

Question 49

Figure 31-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The larva in Figure 31-4 is characteristic of:

A)arthropods.
B)mollusks.
C)cnidarians.
D)platyhelminths.
E)nematodes.

Question 50

Figure 31-4
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The larva in Figure 31-4 is:

A)a veliger.
B)a glochidium.
C)a trochophorE.
D)a nauplius.
E)a pupa.

Question 51

The veliger larval form is unique to:

A)insects.
B)annelids.
C)molluscs.
D)arthropods.
E)crustaceans.

Question 52

Torsion may be an adaptation in __________ that allows the __________ to be withdrawn first into the shell.

A)bivalves; foot
B)bivalves; head
C)gastropods; foot
D)gastropods; head
E)cephalopods; head

Question 53

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with nemerteans?

A)presence of a true coelomic space, the rhynchocoel
B)blood vessels
C)a heart
D)a proboscis
E)a tube-within-a-tube body plan.

Question 54

Clams and oysters are:

A)detritivores.
B)herbivores
C)omnivores.
D)carnivores.
E)filter feeders.

Question 55

If you are going to go fishing in fresh water you most likely will use members of which phylum and class as bait?

A)Annelida: Oligochaeta
B)Molluska: Gastropoda
C)Oligochaeta: Nemertea
D)Polychaeta: Oligochaeta
E)Lumbricus: Terrestris

Question 56

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-5.Which number has been placed on the dorsal surface?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)8

Question 57

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-5.What is the function of the structure labeled 6?

A)circulation
B)reproduction
C)digestion
D)movement
E)respiration

Question 58

Members of the class Bivalvia:

A)have gills that secrete the shell.
B)have a mantle that may form pearls.
C)are all sessilE.
D)all have a radulA.
E)have a broad foot used for locomotion.

Question 59

A major disadvantage to torsion is that:

A)the animal could die as a result of taking in waste products.
B)the animal loses its excretory structures and must rely on diffusion.
C)the mantle no longer covers the visceral mass.
D)the animal is left with an incomplete digestive tract.
E)the foot is displaced toward the anterior region.

Question 60

Figure 31-5
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion are:

A)jointed appendages.
B)parapodiA.
C)setaE.
D)fins.
E)tentacles.

Question 61

Which of the following does not characterize arthropods?

A)presence of a coelom
B)segmentation
C)an open circulatory system
D)an exoskeleton
E)an incomplete digestive tract

Question 62

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

A)locomotion.
B)cell division.
C)ingestion.
D)reproduction.
E)excretion.

Question 63

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

A)a hard exoskeleton.
B)the ability to fly.
C)jointed appendages.
D)respiratory capabilities.
E)a segmented coelom.

Question 64

One of the disadvantages of exoskeletons in arthropods is that:

A)they severely limit locomotion.
B)they interfere with ingestion.
C)they must be shed when the animal grows.
D)they do not provide adequate protection from predators.
E)they do not prevent desiccation.

Question 65

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

A)smaller.
B)less specializeD.
C)only present in adults.
D)more specializeD.
E)only present in larvae.

Question 66

Figure 31-6
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The dorsal blood vessel is the structure labeled __________ in Figure 31-6.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)6

Question 67

Members of the class __________ include blood-sucking parasites.

A)Oligochaeta
B)Polychaeta
C)Polyplacophora
D)Hirudinida
E)Cephalopoda

Question 68

The __________ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

A)moss animals
B)trilobites
C)lophophorate animals
D)tardigrades
E)phoronids

Question 69

Figure 31-6
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
__________ superficially resemble bivalves.

A)Brachiopods
B)Rotifera
C)Mollusca
D)Bryozoa
E)Chelicerata

Question 70

The class __________ includes Lumbricus terrestris, the common earthworm.

A)Oligochaeta
B)Polychaeta
C)Polyplacophora
D)Hirudinea
E)Malacostraca

Question 71

__________ are parasites that infect humans and, as adults, reside in the small intestines of the host.

A)Pinworms
B)Ascarid worms
C)Trichina worms
D)Rotifers
E)Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 72

Animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel are the:

A)bryozoans.
B)phoronids.
C)ctenophores.
D)rotifers.
E)platyhelminthes.

Question 73

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

A)respiration.
B)reproduction.
C)movement.
D)sensation.
E)eating.

Question 74

_______ are also called velvet worms.

A)Nematodes
B)Annelids
C)Tartigrades
D)Onychophorans
E)Arthropods

Question 75

Figure 31-6
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
__________ is an anticoagulant used by leeches.

A)Chitin
B)Calcium carbonate
C)Hirudin
D)Pheromone
E)Saxitoxin

Question 76

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their __________.This allows transfer of __________ from one worm to the other.

A)setae; zygotes
B)setae; eggs
C)setae; sperm
D)clitellum; eggs
E)clitellum; sperm

Question 77

The __________ of earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

A)epidermis
B)endodermis
C)shell
D)cuticle
E)mesoglea

Question 78

Figure 31-6
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 31-6.The structures labeled 3 are involved in:

A)reproduction.
B)respiration.
C)excretion.
D)sensory pathways.
E)movement.

Question 79

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample.The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics.They are members of the phylum:

A)Platyhelminthes.
B)NematodA.
C)CnidariA.
D)AnnelidA.
E)Nemertea.

Question 80

Figure 31-6
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The cross section in Figure 31-6 is representative of the internal structures found in:

A)phoronids.
B)nemerteans.
C)DiplopodA.
D)PolyplacophorA.
E)oligochaetes.