Deck 29: The Fungi

Question 1

Figure 29-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 29-2.The structure labeled 11 is:

A) a zygote.
B) a gamete.
C) a sporangium.
D) a zoosporangium.
E) a zoospore.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 29-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The process occurring at point 3 in Figure 29-2 is:

A) asexual reproduction.
B) fertilization.
C) meiosis.
D) mitosis.
E) zygote germination.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Most fungal spores are __________ reproductive cells that are produced __________.

A) motile; sexually only
B) motile; asexually only
C) nonmotile; sexually only
D) nonmotile; asexually only
E) nonmotile; sexually or asexually

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Figure 29-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?

A) underground mycelium
B) above ground mycelium
C) underground fruiting body
D) above ground ascocarp
E) underground ascocarp

Question 5

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

A) cellulose.
B) lipids.
C) glycogen.
D) chitin.
E) chlorophyll.

Question 6

Figure 29-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
An example of a member of phylum Zygomycota is:

A) the common edible mushroom.
B) yeast.
C) the black bread mold.
D) the truffle.
E) a microsporidium..

Question 7

Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?

A) membrane-bounded nuclei
B) mitochondria
C) cell wall of lipopolysaccharides
D) primarily terrestrial in habitat
E) reproduction via spores

Question 8

A __________ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.

A) thallus
B) protonema
C) fruiting body
D) hypha
E) septum

Question 9

Which group of fungi has hyphae that are multinucleate and not divided by septa?

A) monokaryotic
B) unicellular
C) ascomycete
D) coenocytic
E) sporophyllous

Question 10

An example of a unicellular fungus is:

A) a mold.
B) a mushroom.
C) a yeast.
D) a rust.
E) a smut.

Question 11

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:

A) gametes formed by mitosis.
B) alternation of generations.
C) cell walls.
D) flagellated cells.
E) both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Question 12

Fungi can grow under all of the following conditions except:

A) concentrated salt solutions.
B) an environment with a very low pH of 3.
C) a dry environment.
D) jelly or other sugar solutions.
E) a cold, refrigerated environment.

Question 13

__________ is a common chytridiomycete which exhibits alternation of generation.

A) Phytophthora
B) Allomyces
C) Amanita
D) Penicillium
E) Rhizopus

Question 14

Dikaryotic cells are denoted as:

A) n + n.
B) n - n.
C) n.
D) 2n.
E) 2n -n.

Question 15

Figure 29-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 29-1.The fungus illustrated in Figure A is:

A) multicellular.
B) coenocytic.
C) septate.
D) dikaryotic.
E) monokaryotic.

Question 16

Figure 29-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The structure labeled 9 in Figure 29-2 was produced by:

A) fertilization of two zygotes.
B) meiosis in the resting sporangium.
C) meiosis in the zoosporangium.
D) mitosis in the resting sporangium.
E) mitosis in the zoosporangium.

Question 17

Figure 29-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called:

A) a hypha.
B) a gametangium.
C) a fruiting body.
D) an oogonium.
E) an antheridium.

Question 18

Figure 29-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 29-1.The structure labeled 1 is:

A) a conidium.
B) a perforated septum.
C) a hypha.
D) a basidium.
E) a spore.

Question 19

Members of phylum __________ are the most primitive of the fungi and were previously classified as protists.

A) Chytridiomycota
B) Zygomycota
C) Glomeromycota
D) Ascomycota
E) Basidiomycota

Question 20

A __________ is a tangled mass of hyphae.

A) sporocarp
B) sporangia
C) zygospore
D) mycelium
E) coenocyte

Question 21

Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores called:

A) asci.
B) basidia.
C) gemmae.
D) conidiophores.
E) conidia.

Question 22

In a mushroom, the primary mycelium is composed of __________ cells.

A) monokaryotic
B) dikaryotic
C) homothallic
D) coenocytic
E) prokaryotic

Question 23

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) Basidiospores are formed within the basidia.
B) Ascospores are formed outside the ascus.
C) Both Basidiospores and ascospores are formed within their respective structures.
D) Both Basidiospores and ascospores are formed outside their respective structures.
E) Basidiospores are formed outside and ascospores are formed within their respective structures.

Question 24

Reproduction in the black bread mold occurs between __________ hyphae.

A) male and female
B) + and -
C) dikaryotic and monokaryotic
D) heterothallic and homothallic
E) sterile and self-sterile

Question 25

Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as:

A) basidiospores.
B) basidiocarps.
C) myceliae.
D) hyphae.
E) gills.

Question 26

Ectomycorrhizae:

A) form arbuscules.
B) are intracellular.
C) coat the plant root.
D) have glomeromycetes as the fungal component.
E) supply plants with organic molecules.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning microsporidia is FALSE?

A) Some divide by binary fission.
B) They have mitochondria and Golgi complexes.
C) They have a feeding stage and a reproductive stage.
D) They are parasitic.
E) They are classified with the zygomycetes.

Question 28

Figure 29-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:

A) spores.
B) hyphae.
C) mycelia.
D) ascocarps.
E) thalli.

Question 29

Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to:

A) molds.
B) truffles.
C) the common edible mushroom.
D) yeast.
E) the black bread mold.

Question 30

Which is NOT a member of phylum Ascomycota?

A) morels
B) yeast
C) the black bread mold.
D) truffles
E) powdery mildews

Question 31

The characteristic brown, blue-green, pink, or other tints of ascomycetes are due to the color of their __________.

A) mycelia
B) hyphae
C) conidia
D) sporangia
E) ascospores

Question 32

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

A) meiosis.
B) binary fission.
C) ascospores.
D) budding.
E) forming a secondary mycelium.

Question 33

What am I? I am coenocytic, lack sexual reproduction, and reproduce asexually via blastospores.

A) Zygomycetes
B) Glomeromycetes
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Ascomycetes
E) Chytridiomycetes

Question 34

Which one of the following is mismatched?

A) bread mold-zygomycetes
B) Allomyces-chytridiomycetes
C) mushrooms-basidiomycetes
D) sac fungi-ascomycetes
E) Dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes

Question 35

Black bread mold is __________, which means that it is self-sterile.

A) heterozygous
B) heterothallic
C) hetertrophic
D) mycotoxic
E) coenocytic

Question 36

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

A) asci.
B) basidia.
C) gemmae.
D) conidiophores.
E) conidia.

Question 37

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

A) zygospores.
B) ascospores.
C) asci.
D) basidia.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 38

An example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete is:

A) chestnut blight.
B) Dutch elm disease.
C) verticillium wilt on potatoes.
D) wheat rust.
E) ergot of rye.

Question 39

Which of the following statements concerning mycorrhizae is FALSE?

A) They are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a plant root.
B) They increase the uptake of nutrient minerals by the plant.
C) Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular.
D) Endomycorrhizae are intracellular.
E) Members of the Glomeromycota may be involved.

Question 40

Mycorrhizae benefit plants by:

A) increasing photosynthetic area.
B) increasing absorptive surface area of roots.
C) increasing chlorophyll content.
D) increasing leaf area.
E) increasing stem length.

Question 41

Color pigments produced by __________ are used to dye woolens and litmus.

A) club fungi
B) mushroom
C) algae
D) lichens
E) puff balls

Question 42

Reduction in __________ growth is used as a sensitive indicator of air pollution.

A) fungus
B) mushroom
C) algae
D) lichen
E) puff balls

Question 43

Claviceps purpurea produces a(n) __________, which infests grain and has been important in many historical events, as ingestion of infested grain milled into flour can cause hallucinations and even death.

A) ergot
B) smut
C) rust
D) brown rot
E) mildew

Question 44

Thrush, a painful yeast infection of the mouth, throat and vagina, is caused by a member of the genus:

A) Aspergillus
B) Candida
C) Claviceps
D) Penicillium
E) Psilocybe

Question 45

Lichens reproduce primarily asexually by __________, which are fragments of the body of the lichen.

A) conidia
B) soredia
C) asci
D) basidia
E) thalli

Question 46

Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and:

A) an ascomycete.
B) a glomeromycete.
C) a basidiomycete.
D) a zygomycete.
E) a chytridiomycete.

Question 47

An examples of a plant disease caused by an ascomycete is:

A) a microsporidial infection.
B) corn smut.
C) stem rust of wheat.
D) histoplasmosis.
E) chestnut blight.

Question 48

Chytrids produce spores that lack a flagellum.
__________________

Question 49

In ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, plasmogamy is followed immediately by karyogamy.
____________________

Question 50

Of the following, which would be predicted to grow the most slowly?

A) bread molds
B) lichens
C) yeasts
D) mushrooms
E) sac fungi

Question 51

Which genus is used to produce beer and wine?

A) Agaricus
B) Aspergillus
C) Amanita
D) Rhizopus
E) Saccharomyces

Question 52

In zygomycetes such as Rhizopus, the zygospore is haploid.
____________________

Question 53

The cell walls of fungi are composed of cellulose.
____________________

Question 54

__________ is a fungal chemical that shows promise as an anticancer agent.

A) Pencillin
B) Fumigallin
C) Ergot compounds
D) Psilocybin
E) Aflatoxin

Question 55

Consuming even a single mushroom of the genus __________ can be fatal.

A) Agaricus
B) Shiitake
C) Portobello
D) Amanita
E) Oyster

Question 56

Fungi parasitic on plants produce specialized hyphae, called __________, that penetrate the host.

A) soredia
B) secondary mycelia
C) basidia
D) asci
E) haustoria

Question 57

The fungus that causes black stem rust of wheat is a:

A) basidiomycete.
B) chytridiomycete.
C) ascomycete.
D) glomeromycete.
E) zygomycete.

Question 58

List the major types of foods and beverages for which fungi are responsible, and give an example of the particular fungus involved in each.

Question 59

Identify the parts of a typical fungal body plan and briefly explain the function of each of the structures you identified.

Question 60

Conidia are asexual spores.
____________________

Question 61

Blastospores are produced by glomeromycetes.
____________________

Question 62

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
form an extensive dikaryotic mycelium

Question 63

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
club fungi

Question 64

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
produce zygospores within a zygosporangium

Question 65

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
sexual reproduction has not been observed; form mycorrhizal associations

Question 66

A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph.
____________________

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
black bread mold

Question 68

In mushrooms, karyogamy occurs within the basidium.
____________________

Question 69

Microsporidia are unicellular parasites of animals.
____________________

Question 70

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
microsporidia

Question 71

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
sac fungi

Question 72

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
most are aquatic

Question 73

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
produce blastospores

Question 74

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
yeasts

Question 75

Heterothallic ascomycetes are self-fertile.
____________________

Question 76

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
have flagellated cells

Question 77

Endomycorrhizal fungi penetrate the plasma membranes of root cells.
____________________

Question 78

MATCHING
Match the phylum with the correct word or phrase.
a.Ascomycota
d.Glomeromycota
b.Basidiomycota
e.Zygomycota
c.Chytridiomycota
morels and truffles

Question 79

The primary mycelium of basidiomycetes is dikaryotic.
____________________

Question 80

Lichens reproduce sexually via soredia.
____________________