Deck 10: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Question 1

Nucleosomes are organized into large coiled loops held together by:

A) histones.
B) centromeres.
C) kinetochore proteins.
D) scaffolding proteins.
E) condensins.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

During prophase, __________ is(are) compacted into visible chromosomes.

A) chromatin
B) centrioles
C) centromeres
D) kinetochores
E) colchicine

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes:

A) mitosis and cytokinesis.
B) meiosis I and meiosis II.
C) homologous pairing and crossing-over.
D) interphase and mitosis.
E) mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following represents the overall sequence of events during mitosis?

A) prophase - metaphase -anaphase -telophase
B) interphase - metaphase-anaphase -telophase
C) anaphase - telophase -metaphase-interphase
D) interphase - prophase - anaphase -metaphase
E) metaphase - telophase -anaphase - prophase

Question 5

The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of __________ and M phase.

A) interphase
B) meiosis I
C) crossing-over
D) meiosis II
E) mitosis

Question 6

The mitotic spindle is made of:

A) collagen.
B) condensin.
C) histones.
D) keratin.
E) microtubules.

Question 7

__________ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by __________ during mitosis.

A) Daughter chromosomes; hydrogen bonding
B) Daughter chromosomes; ionic bonding
C) Sister chromatids; spindle fibers
D) Sister chromosomes; histone proteins
E) Sister chromatids; centromeres

Question 8

If a cell is in G₂:

A) it has twice the amount of DNA present in a telophase nucleus.
B) it has visibly distinct chromosomes.
C) it lacks a visible nuclear membrane.
D) it is in mitosis.
E) it is in cytokinesis.

Question 9

The __________ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during __________ of mitosis.

A) cell wall; anaphase
B) flagellum; metaphase
C) mitotic spindle; anaphase
D) kinetochore; prophase
E) centromere; telophase

Question 10

Each nucleosome has __________ base pairs of DNA wrapped around a disc-shaped core of eight histone molecules.

A) 146
B) 28
C) 18
D) 10,000
E) 456

Question 11

Chromosomes are duplicated during __________ of the cell cycle.

A) G₁ phase
B) G₂ phase
C) S phase
D) metaphase
E) prophase

Question 12

Nucleosomes are best described as:

A) eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.
B) prokaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins.
C) eukaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins.
D) prokaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.
E) eukaryotic DNA associated with scaffolding proteins.

Question 13

All of the following events occur during prometaphase EXCEPT:

A) the nuclear envelope breaks down.
B) the nucleoli disappear.
C) the mitotic spindle is completely assembled.
D) the spindle fibers "capture" chromosomes.
E) the duplicated chromosomes become visible with the light microscope.

Question 14

What is the function of nucleosomes?

A) To prevent DNA strands from tangling.
B) To help DNA replicate.
C) To make RNA synthesis possible.
D) To prevent RNA from tangling with DNA during transcription.
E) To prevent histones from tangling.

Question 15

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of:

A) circular DNA molecules complexed with positively charged nonhistone proteins.
B) circular DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins.
C) linear DNA molecules complexed with positively charged histone proteins.
D) linear DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins.
E) circular DNA molecules.

Question 16

Once nerve cells become mature, they don't usually undergo cell division.Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you would predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the __________ of the cell cycle.

A) G₀ phase
B) S phase
C) prophase
D) G₁ phase
E) G₂ phase

Question 17

A bacterial chromosome consists of:

A) a linear DNA molecule many times larger than the cell.
B) a circular DNA molecule many times larger than the cell.
C) a circular DNA molecule smaller than the cell.
D) a linear DNA molecule smaller than the cell.
E) a linear or circular DNA molecule smaller than the cell.

Question 18

A cell is in metaphase if:

A) the chromosomes are visible as threadlike structures.
B) the nuclear envelope is clearly visible.
C) the chromosomes are aligned at the midplane of the cell.
D) the chromosome are separated into distinct groups at opposite poles of the cell.
E) cytokinesis is occurring.

Question 19

Duplicated centrioles move to opposite poles of a dividing __________ cell during __________ of the cell cycle.

A) plant; metaphase
B) plant; anaphase
C) prokaryotic; metaphase
D) animal; interphase
E) animal; prophase

Question 20

The kinetochore serves which of the following functions?

A) Kinetochores anchor spindle fibers to the centrioles.
B) Kinetochores are the site of DNA synthesis.
C) Kinetochores regulate the length of the cell cycle.
D) Kinetochores attach to microtubules during mitosis.
E) Kinetochores are involved in cytokinesis.

Question 21

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction?

A) increased genetic diversity
B) making clones
C) making diploidy possible
D) making polyploidy possible
E) being able to work with chromosomes

Question 22

Cytokinesis in animal cells involves contraction of a ring of __________ microfilaments.

A) tubulin plus actin
B) actin plus myosin
C) cyclin plus myosin
D) keratin plus actin
E) cyclin plus actin

Question 23

The chromosome makeup of an individual organism is called a:

A) kinetochore.
B) chromosome plot.
C) centromere.
D) karyotype.
E) centriole.

Question 24

If a cell is dividing by binary fission then you know that:

A) mitosis has taken place without cytokinesis.
B) homologous chromosomes have already paired.
C) the cyclin-Cdk complex is no longer phosphorylating enzymes.
D) the cell cycle is out of control.
E) the cell is prokaryotic.

Question 25

During which phase does crossing-over occur?

A) interphase
B) prophase I
C) metaphase I
D) prophase II
E) metaphase II

Question 26

Cytokinesis in plant cells occurs via the formation of a(n):

A) aster.
B) mitotic spindle.
C) Golgi complex.
D) cell wall.
E) cell plate.

Question 27

Chromosomes are condensed to their greatest extent during __________ of mitosis.

A) metaphase
B) prophase
C) telophase
D) interphase
E) anaphase

Question 28

A maternal homologue and a paternal homologue synapse to form:

A) a tetrad.
B) a parental pair.
C) a paternal pair.
D) sister chromatids.
E) a maternal pair.

Question 29

Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during:

A) anaphase I.
B) prophase I.
C) anaphase II.
D) telophase II.
E) prophase II.

Question 30

Plant hormones known as __________ stimulate mitosis.

A) gametophytes
B) kinesin and dynein
C) cytokinins
D) colchicines
E) kinetochores

Question 31

Generation time refers to:

A) the number of years it takes for a generation to die.
B) the amount of time required to replicate the DNA in a cell.
C) the time it takes to complete one cell cycle.
D) the time required for an individual in a species to achieve sexual maturity.
E) the time it takes for a new mitotic spindle to form.

Question 32

Plant clones can be produced by:

A) sexual reproduction.
B) fertilization.
C) gamete production.
D) asexual reproduction.
E) binary fission.

Question 33

A zygote contains the __________ complement of chromosomes.

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) polyploid
D) spermatogenesis
E) none of these

Question 34

To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by:

A) the mitochondria.
B) helper viruses.
C) environmental signals.
D) a very detailed, rigid genetic program.
E) a series of cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 35

Most human somatic cells are:

A) polyploid.
B) diploid.
C) aneuploid.
D) tetraploid.
E) haploid.

Question 36

Which of the following statements concerning the cell cycle is FALSE?

A) The activity of Cdks increases and decreases during the cell cycle.
B) Cyclins fluctuate during the cell cycle.
C) Cdks are active only when they bind to cyclins.
D) The anaphase-promoting complex stimulates the separation of sister chromatids
E) M-Cdk inhibits mitosis.

Question 37

The correct number of chromosomes is maintained during sexual reproduction by:

A) a process by which one half of the chromosomes in gametes are removed.
B) chromosome doubling in the newly formed zygote.
C) meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half.
D) mitosis, which maintains the original chromosome number.
E) replication of chromosomes twice during meiosis.

Question 38

If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms, then:

A) growth of the zygote would be halted.
B) mitosis would be sufficient.
C) gametes would remain haploid.
D) chromosome number would double in each generation.
E) eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid.

Question 39

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie side by side.This phenomeon is known as:

A) chromatid pairing.
B) divalent formation.
C) tetrad formation.
D) paternal pairing.
E) parental pairing.

Question 40

Animal cells are stimulated to divide by mitosis by:

A) colchicines.
B) magnetic fields.
C) mating.
D) growth factors.
E) nutrients.

Question 41

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have __________ chromosomes in its gametes and __________ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

A) 18; 18
B) 18; 36
C) 36; 18
D) 36; 36
E) 36; 72

Question 42

Figure 10-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 10-2.The process occurring at arrow 3 in the associated figure is:

A) fertilization.
B) G₁.
C) meiosis.
D) mitosis.
E) fusion.

Question 43

Draw a duplicated chromosome.Now, label each part of the chromosome with both its function and its identity.

Question 44

During prophase I, each chiasma represents:

A) the remnants of the nuclear membrane.
B) the remnant of the nucleolus.
C) a newly formed haploid gamete.
D) a site of crossing-over.
E) the site where sister chromatids are connected.

Question 45

Figure 10-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The formation of female gametes is termed:

A) oogenesis.
B) macrogenesis.
C) spermatogenesis.
D) ovogenesis.
E) microgenesis.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the general processes of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Question 47

A nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around scaffolding proteins.
__________________

Question 48

Draw two cells: one showing the arrangement of chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, and the other showing the chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis.What is the significance of this difference?

Question 49

The sources of genetic variation during meiosis are:

A) crossing-over and the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
B) crossing-over and random pairing of tetrads.
C) random pairing of tetrads and mutations.
D) polyploidy and random pairing of tetrads.
E) random pairing of tetrads and random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 50

List the stages in the eukaryotic cell cycle and identify the principal events characteristic of each stage.

Question 51

Figure 10-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 10-2.The chromosome complement of item 6 in the life cycle is:

A) twenty.
B) haploid.
C) diploid.
D) forty-eight.
E) four.

Question 52

In a human cell at prophase I, there are __________ tetrads.

A) 92
B) 46
C) 23
D) 2
E) 4

Question 53

Which of the following events does not occur in prophase II?

A) formation of the spindle
B) condensation of chromatin into chromosomes
C) formation of chiasmata
D) removal of the nuclear membrane
E) sister chromatids become visible when viewed with the light microscope.

Question 54

Figure 10-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 10-1.Which of the following combinations of letters accurately represents two sister chromatids?

A) A and B
B) A and C
C) A and D
D) A and E
E) B and F

Question 55

Sporophyte plants produce spores using:

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) fertilization.
D) macrogenesis.
E) microgenesis.

Question 56

Figure 10-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Gametophyte plants produce gametes using:

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) fertilization.
D) polyploidy.
E) sporogenesis.

Question 57

Figure 10-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 10-1.Which of the following combinations of letters accurately represents two homologous chromatids?

A) A and B
B) A and C
C) A and D
D) B and F
E) D and E

Question 58

During which of the following stages of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

A) metaphase I
B) anaphase I
C) metaphase II
D) anaphase II
E) telophase II

Question 59

Which of the following are NOT produced by meiosis?

A) polar bodies
B) animal eggs
C) animal sperm
D) plant spores
E) zygotes.

Question 60

Which of the following events does not occur during meiosis I?

A) DNA exchange
B) pairing of homologous chromosomes
C) separation of sister chromatids
D) separation of homologous chromosomes
E) crossing-over between homologous chromosomes

Question 61

A pair of centrioles is found at the center of the microtubule-organizing center in plant cells.
__________________

Question 62

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
single-stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles

Question 63

A zygote would most likely be a haploid cell.
__________________

Question 64

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
chromosomes decondense

Question 65

The members of each homologous pair of chromosomes separate during meiosis I.
__________________

Question 66

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
nuclear envelope fragments

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores

Question 68

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
cytokinesis generally begins

Question 69

For each animal cell that begins oogenesis, the number of ova produced is four.
__________________

Question 70

Enzymes required for DNA replication are synthesized during the G₁ phase.
__________________

Question 71

The nuclear envelope fragments during the prometaphase stage.
__________________

Question 72

Microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach directly to each chromosome at the centromere.
__________________

Question 73

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
nucleoli reorganize

Question 74

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
mitotic spindle forms

Question 75

Cell-cycle checkpoints temporarily block key events from being initiated during the cell cycle.
__________________

Question 76

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
sister chromatids separate at their centromeres

Question 77

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs via the formation of a cell plate.
__________________

Question 78

In the cell cycle, DNA is replicated during the G₂ phase.
__________________

Question 79

Bacteria divide asexually by mitosis.
__________________

Question 80

MATCHING
Match the stage of mitosis with the events that occur there.
a.metaphase
d.telophase
b.anaphase
e.prophase
c.prometaphase
chromatin condenses