Deck 3: Developmental Issues in Families With Young Children

Question 1

In order to have optimal parent-child relationships, bioecological theory posits that

A)children must have easy temperaments.
B)parents must attend formal training programs.
C)parents must have sources of physical and social support.
D)none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which group of fathers is more likely to become absent from their children's lives?

A)teens who do not transition to their role as parents during child's infancy
B)gay fathers
C)fathers who do not have a commitment to their children's mothers
D)fathers who do not live with their children's mothers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Falbo's research on only children documents that they

A)are lower than others on achievement motivation and self-esteem.
B)are unique from other children.
C)are not more likely to cause trouble or have special needs at school.
D)all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At this time, the three most common work-family patterns, in order, are

A)dual career; husband breadwinner, wife homemaker; husband provider, wife coprovider.
B)dual career; husband provider, wife coprovider; husband breadwinner, wife homemaker.
C)husband breadwinner, wife homemaker; dual career; husband provider, wife coprovider.
D)husband provider, wife coprovider; dual career; husband breadwinner, wife homemaker.

Question 5

The most common source of child care for single parent families is

A)grandparents.
B)child care centers.
C)neighbors and other informal arrangements.
D)a combination of several types of care.

Question 6

According to family life cycle theorists, changes in _____ for parents add many challenges to even the joyous occasion of becoming parents.

A)schedules
B)roles
C)education
D)none of the above

Question 7

The role of the grandparent seems to

A)be generally stressful.
B)contribute positively to mental health.
C)be neutral.
D)conflict with parental roles.

Question 8

Strong feelings of _____ between children and those who care for them lead to children's motivation and curiosity, two characteristics that positively influence academic success.

A)experience
B)biological destiny
C)attachment
D)temperament

Question 9

Child development experts believe that sibling rivalry is

A)common.
B)harmless.
C)uncommon.
D)the result of poor attachment.

Question 10

Bronfenbrenner notes that experiences of children and family members

A)are both objective and subjective.
B)are easily observed by trained educators.
C)can be a useful source of comparison.
D)can only be translated by experts.

Question 11

_____ percent of all couples who can have children do have children.

A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90

Question 12

Siblings influence one another by

A)older sibs teaching new concepts and language skills to younger sibs.
B)living with a balance of nurturance and conflict that helps children learn how to resolve conflicts.
C)older sibs serving as a buffer for younger sibs in times of family upheaval.
D)all of the above

Question 13

Fathers are more likely than mothers to see babies as

A)independent.
B)something to show off.
C)less competent.
D)both B and C

Question 14

Nearly _____ percent of all female-headed households in the United States live below the poverty line.

A)10
B)25
C)40
D)50

Question 15

Which group of women has difficulty in the transition to parenthood?

A)low income
B)single
C)over thirty years of age
D)Both A and B

Question 16

By the year 2020, _____ related to _____ is expected to take over from cancer as the number one cause of disability and death worldwide.

A)heart disease; family stress
B)heart disease; work stress
C)clinical depression; work stress
D)clinical depression; family stress

Question 17

When new parents have strong positive adjustment to the transition to parenthood, their relationships with their children

A)suffer.
B)are of a higher quality.
C)are unknown at this time.
D)are enmeshed.

Question 18

Antisocial-hostile male adolescents are at risk for

A)becoming teen fathers.
B)not adjusting well to fatherhood.
C)negatively affecting the mother's nurturing skills with the infant.
D)all of the above

Question 19

The child care "trilemma" refers to

A)quality of care, fair compensation to caregivers, affordable for families.
B)quality of care, ratios, compensation to caregivers.
C)quality of care, affordable for families, near work sites.
D)compensation to caregivers, affordable for families, near work sites.

Question 20

Van Egeren found that in the first six months of parenting,

A)fathers were more satisfied than mothers.
B)mothers were more satisfied than fathers.
C)fathers and mothers were equally satisfied.
D)fathers and mothers were equally dissatisfied.

Question 21

Which statement about the relationship of parental characteristics and children's behavior is most accurate?

A)Children of mothers who earned higher wages and had stable marriages demonstrated fewer behavior problems.
B)Children's behavior problems are not related to parental characteristics.
C)Children whose mothers worked part-time demonstrated fewer behavior problems.
D)Mothers who had higher levels of education had children who did not relate well to other children.

Question 22

One of the strongest causes of distress for employed mothers and their children is

A)child illness.
B)mothers' illness.
C)inconsistency of caregivers.
D)unreliable transportation.

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the nature of sibling relationships when one child has a disability?

A)The relationships are less warm and positive than sibling relationships without the presence of a disability.
B)When the disability is severe, interactions between siblings are increased.
C)Parents serve as mediators more often.
D)The relationships are more warm and positive than sibling relationships without the presence of a disability.

Question 24

Farver, Couchenour and Chrisman found that when mothers were more _____ with their work status, they rated their children as _____.

A)satisfied; easier in temperament
B)dissatisfied; more difficult in temperament
C)satisfied; more difficult in temperament
D)dissatisfied; easier in temperament

Question 25

When parents have complex, challenging jobs that they like, they have been found to

A)be warm, responsive, and firm with children.
B)enroll children in greater numbers of activities.
C)create expectations that are difficult for children to meet.
D)be neglectful and distant with children.

Question 26

The high rate of staff turnover in childcare is primarily related to

A)low wages and lack of benefits.
B)dissatisfaction with caring for children.
C)work climate.
D)none of the above

Question 27

Ethical conduct in early education requires that professionals

A)listen to families.
B)acknowledge family strengths.
C)learn from families.
D)all of the above

Question 28

About _____ percent of respondents in Galinsky's 2004 study reported feeling overworked on a regular basis.

A)28
B)35
C)44
D)62

Question 29

High quality child care includes

A)commercial curriculum dedicated to specific age levels.
B)standardized assessments to measure teacher accountability.
C)responsive adult-child interactions.
D)a center wide behavioral plan.

Question 30

Children's reading ability is positively related to

A)parents' levels of education.
B)parents' hourly wages.
C)mothers' employment in complex work.
D)all of the above

Question 31

Galinsky found that children

A)wish their parents could be less stressed and less tired.
B)are not aware of stress and fatigue from parents' workplaces.
C)understand and accept that their parents are stressed and tired from work.
D)are more concerned with quality than quantity of time with parents.

Question 32

Research has shown that excessive use of technological devices by children leads to:

A)attention problems and sleeping and eating disorders.
B)better hand-eye coordination.
C)a generation gap.
D)financial challenges for families.

Question 33

One component of high quality child care necessary for positive child development outcomes is

A)teachers who are professional and well-prepared in child development and early childhood education.
B)teachers who focus on academic subject matter.
C)a program that uses standardized assessment as the measure for children's progress.
D)teachers who have a lot of experience with children.

Question 34

For children two years and younger, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the following amount of screen media per day

A)one hour or less
B)two hours or less
C)none
D)no limits have been suggested

Question 35

In 2007, _____ % of preschool aged children were enrolled in center-based child care.

A)25
B)35
C)45
D)55

Question 36

One down side of children from larger families is that they

A)experience greater amounts of sibling rivalry.
B)receive less education.
C)are more likely to have special educational needs.
D)have fewer friendships.

Question 37

When new parents have their first baby

A)joy is the only emotion present.
B)they typically continue on with roles they have already established in the partnership.
C)they are surprised by the amount of stress they feel.
D)the most important task is agreeing on a name.

Question 38

The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct includes which of the following statements related to developmental issues in families with young children?

A)Early childhood educators should take a hand-off perspective in regard to families.
B)Early childhood educators should help families to increase their understanding of their children as they continue to develop parenting skills.
C)Early childhood educators should give direction about best ways to parent in order to have children who are academically successful.
D)Early childhood educators should not attend to know family stresses and maintain high expectations for all children.

Question 39

The Kornhaber and Woodward study showed that the single factor that led to emotional closeness between children and a grandparent is:

A)similar dispositions.
B)spending time together.
C)maternal side of the family.
D)parental encouragement.

Question 40

Family support principles indicate that

A)strong families are supported through societal institutions that enable families to build on their own strengths.
B)strong families have fewer needs than weak families.
C)strong families have little impact on children's development.
D)families gain little from strong communities.

Question 41

Select, paraphrase and describe early education practices based on four of Bronfenbrenner's seven propositions from Chapter 3.Identify and explain which one of the four you believe to be most relevant to your work in early education.

Question 42

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
new parents feel

Question 43

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
needs of babies

Question 44

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
necessity for formal education

Question 45

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
U.S.mothers who are employed by the time the baby is 12 months old

Question 46

Parents of young children often find that balancing responsibilities for work and family is a major challenge.Describe at least three workplace factors that might help to increase and three that might help to decrease this challenge.Give two examples of how you have observed some of these factors in your lived experience.

Question 47

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
parental workplace stress

Question 48

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
depends on well-prepared early childhood staff

Question 49

Explain issues related to young children and technology and create a plan for how you might work with families to support positive outcomes in children.

Question 50

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
mothers and fathers take on stereotypic roles

Question 51

Identify factors related to sibling relationships and explain how each factor may affect the relationship.Provide an anecdote related to at least one factor from your lived experience.

Question 52

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
caused by low wages

Question 53

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
requires programs to meet all criteria for high quality

Question 54

Summarize points of the child care trilemma and explain how this trilemma affects children, families, and early childhood professionals.

Question 55

Sibling relationships are influenced by a complex combination of factors.Discuss at least seven factors and how they influence sibling relationships.Give two examples of how you have observed some factors in your lived experience.

Question 56

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.
a.informal education within family dynamics
b.exosystem influence
c.continuously challenged
d.90 percent
e.nonnegotiable
f.traditionalization
g.at least 65 percent
h.national accreditation of early childhood programs
i.high child care staff turnover
j.quality child care
of couples who can have children do have children

Question 57

Explain the dynamics related to transition to parenthood and describe practices that would be supportive for new parents.