Deck 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

Question 1

According to the progressives, the cure for American democracy's ills was

A) technical and scientific expertise.
B) a third political party.
C) socialism.
D) stronger and more tightly managed political parties.
E) more democratic institutions and procedures.

Answer 1

more democratic institutions and procedures.

Question 2

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except

A) the direct election of senators.
B) the elimination of graft.
C) woman suffrage.
D) ending prostitution and "white slavery."
E) eliminating the poll tax on African American voters.

Answer 2

eliminating the poll tax on African American voters.

Question 3

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities"

A) exposed the United States Senate as a "rich men's club."
B) exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.
C) laid bare the often corrupt practices of the stock market.
D) uncovered official collusion in prostitution and "white slavery."
E) unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

Answer 3

unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

Question 4

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that

A) child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.
B) the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health.
C) factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day, five days a week.
D) female workers should receive equal pay for equal work.
E) female workers required special rules and protection on the job.

Question 5

As critics of economic inequality and social injustice, the progressives received much of their inspiration from

A) the Whig party tradition.
B) the Greenback Labor and Populist party traditions.
C) European theorists like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
D) American theorists like Russell Conwell and Josiah Strong.
E) the social Darwinists.

Question 6

Two key goals pursued by progressives were to curb the threats posed by ____ on the one hand and ____ on the other.

A) New Immigrants; blacks
B) feminists; patriarchal males
C) the social gospel; the gospel of wealth
D) the Republican Old Guard; radical Industrial Workers of the World
E) trusts; socialists

Question 7

The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the Seventeenth and Eighteenth amendments added to the Constitution. The Seventeenth provided for ____, and the Eighteenth provided for ____.

A) prohibition; woman suffrage
B) direct election of senators; prohibition
C) woman suffrage; income taxes
D) income taxes; direct election of senators
E) woman suffrage; direct election of senators.

Question 8

Progressivism derived essential support from all of the following except

A) belief that power should be concentrated in fewer hands.
B) feminists who added suffrage on their list of needed reforms.
C) anti-laissez-faire economic policy.
D) socialists, many of whom were European immigrants.
E) messengers of the social gospel demanding better housing and living conditions for the poor.

Question 9

To regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests," progressives advocated all of the following except

A) initiative.
B) referendum.
C) recall.
D) term limits.
E) direct election.

Question 10

Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with one of his notable works of social criticism:

A) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
B) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
C) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
D) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
E) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Question 11

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass

A) mandatory fire escape plans for all businesses employing more than ten people.
B) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws.
C) laws regulating the hours and conditions of sweatshop toil.
D) zoning regulations governing where factories could be located.
E) laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.

Question 12

The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they

A) believed that only an organized movement could fight social wrongs.
B) thrived on creating publicity rather than bringing about social change.
C) believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in a government of experts.
D) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with public knowledge and democratic controls.
E) refused to look beyond middle-class concerns.

Question 13

Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement?

A) ending special regulations governing women in the workplace
B) preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops
C) insuring that food products were healthy and safe
D) attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements
E) creating pensions for mothers with dependent children

Question 14

Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to

A) develop a consistent philosophy of social reform.
B) probe the causes of social ills.
C) propose specific solutions to society's problems.
D) make the public aware of social problems.
E) link up with movements for social justice.

Question 15

The essential "heart" of the progressive movement was to

A) promote world peace.
B) use the government as an agency of human welfare.
C) ensure that Jeffersonian principles remained alive in the industrial age.
D) end the rule of corrupt political bosses and machines.
E) to promote economic and social equality.

Question 16

Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé.

A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
B) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
C) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
D) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
E) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Question 17

The people whom President Theodore Roosevelt labeled "muckrakers" were

A) Democratic Congressmen who attacked his administration.
B) novelists and literary critics who wrote on social themes.
C) social reformers who worked in the "muck" of the slums.
D) political reporters who became social activists.
E) journalists who specialized in uncovering corruption and social evils.

Question 18

Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the

A) middle class.
B) lower class
C) upper class.
D) new wave of immigrants.
E) small towns.

Question 19

Political progressivism

A) grew up almost entirely in the Midwest.
B) philosophically, was essentially a creation of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency.
C) emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government.
D) rested on a small number of highly motivated activists.
E) took hold everywhere except the South.

Question 20

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they

A) demonstrated that great literature and philosophy were relevant to social questions.
B) broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers.
C) introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.
D) helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare.
E) provided the political base for women seeking public office.

Question 21

The real purpose of Theodore Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to

A) protect consumers by restoring business competition.
B) demonstrate the supremacy of the government over private business.
C) slow the trend toward combination and integration in business.
D) develop a strong antitrust division in the Justice Department.
E) undermine the political appeal of the Socialists.

Question 22

President Theodore Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of ____ trusts.

A) dissolving
B) preventing
C) regulating
D) collaborating with
E) suspend

Question 23

Theodore Roosevelt ended the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by

A) offering to mediate between the owners and coal miners.
B) passing legislation making the miners' union illegal.
C) helping the mine owners to import strike breakers.
D) appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest.
E) threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.

Question 24

As a part of his reform program, Theodore Roosevelt advocated all of the following except

A) recognition of labor unions.
B) control of corporations.
C) consumer protection.
D) conservation of natural resources.
E) breaking the stranglehold of monopolies.

Question 25

The panic of 1907 stimulated reform in ____ policy.

A) banking
B) tariff
C) land-use
D) industrial
E) stock-trading

Question 26

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York dealt a setback to progressives and labor advocates by ruling that

A) a law limiting the work day to ten hours a day was unconstitutional.
B) a law providing special protection for women workers was unconstitutional.
C) prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment.
D) a law enabling business to fire labor organizers was constitutional.
E) fire and safety regulations were local and state responsibilities, and could not be determined by the federal government.

Question 27

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government

A) was designed to encourage grass-roots citizen involvement.
B) was first developed and implemented in Madison, Wisconsin.
C) was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.
D) was designed to insure party responsibility for urban management.
E) opened urban politics to new immigrants.

Question 28

While president, Theodore Roosevelt

A) greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency.
B) was almost constantly at odds with Congress.
C) tended to follow rather than lead public opinion.
D) operated most effectively behind the scenes.
E) held rigidly to his ideological principles.

Question 29

One striking feature of the federal government's approach to the anthracite coal strike in 1902, different from the past, was that

A) the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners.
B) the mines were seized by the federal government and operated by federal troops.
C) the federal government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute.
D) a labor dispute was considered relevant to federal concerns because it affected interstate commerce.
E) Department of Labor mediators were active in the dispute.

Question 30

Theodore Roosevelt's and Gifford Pinchot's theory of conservation was that

A) the primary purpose of federal lands was to provide public recreation.
B) the federal government should manage natural resources for multiple uses.
C) natural resources should be leased to provide federal revenue.
D) wilderness areas were "temples of nature" that should be kept free of human civilization.
E) Western ranchers and loggers were best qualified to protect the local environment.

Question 31

The first major piece of conservation legislation passed by the Roosevelt administration was the

A) Yosemite National Park Act.
B) Forest Reserve Act.
C) Newlands Act.
D) Fisheries Preservation Act.
E) Clean Water Act.

Question 32

Theodore Roosevelt labeled the reform proposals of his administration the

A) Fair Deal.
B) New Freedom.
C) Big Stick.
D) New Deal.
E) Square Deal.

Question 33

Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement and legacy may have been

A) building the Panama Canal.
B) regulating or "busting" corporate trusts.
C) mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War.
D) promoting the cause of protecting the environment.
E) reforming the Republican party.

Question 34

The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of

A) regulation of municipal utilities.
B) the purity of food and drugs.
C) conservation of natural resources.
D) women's working conditions.
E) railroad regulation.

Question 35

Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was

A) democratic participation.
B) governmental efficiency and non-corruption.
C) free enterprise.
D) economic equality.
E) urban planning.

Question 36

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the

A) unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry.
B) plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.
C) poor housing conditions in the urban slums.
D) use of chemical additives and preservatives in the meat industry.
E) unhealthy effects of beef consumption.

Question 37

Theodore Roosevelt believed that large corporate trusts

A) were destroying the essential American principles of individual freedom.
B) were essentially greedy centers of power and wealth.
C) should be regulated primarily by the states.
D) should be curbed but not eliminated.
E) should be balanced by strong labor unions.

Question 38

Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was inspired by the publication of

A) Theodore Dreiser's The Titan.
B) Jack London's Call of the Wild.
C) Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth.
D) Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives.
E) Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

Question 39

Theodore Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he

A) got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft.
B) refused to do anything in response to the "Roosevelt Panic."
C) supported the Federal Reserve Act.
D) began to reduce his trust-busting activity.
E) announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.

Question 40

With regard to economic policy, Theodore Roosevelt should be remembered as the American president who

A) tried to restore individualistic competition to the American economy.
B) "stole the clothes" of American Socialists by taking over many of their programs.
C) tried to tame adolescent American capitalism by finding a middle road between pure individualism and socialism.
D) was a strong advocate of the working class and organized labor.
E) talked about reform while serving the interests of big business.

Question 41

In the early 1900s, critics of social injustice included

A) socialists.
B) industrialists.
C) Christians.
D) feminists.
E) journalists.

Question 42

Progressives supported such political reform proposals as

A) the initiative, referendum, and recall.
B) direct primary elections.
C) woman suffrage.
D) direct election of senators.
E) the city-manager and commission systems of city government.

Question 43

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed

A) big-stick diplomacy.
B) the Open Door policy.
C) the Good Neighbor policy.
D) dollar diplomacy.
E) sphere-of-influence diplomacy.

Question 44

Theodore Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because

A) William Howard Taft had discarded many of Roosevelt's policies.
B) Taft decided not to run for a second term.
C) the Republican party demanded that he do so.
D) Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so.
E) the Democratic party was split.

Question 45

During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following except

A) expand and increase presidential power.
B) shape the twentieth-century progressive and liberal movements.
C) aid the cause of the environment.
D) make Americans aware that they were now a world power.
E) move America toward large-scale corporate capitalism.

Question 46

President Taft turned progressives against him when he

A) signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill.
B) split politically with former President Theodore Roosevelt.
C) dismissed Division of Forestry chief Gifford Pinchot.
D) refused to pursue antitrust cases.
E) aligned himself with Republican senatorial reactionaries.

Question 47

As president, William Howard Taft

A) was a skilled politician and judge of public opinion.
B) held together the diverse wings of the Republican party.
C) was wedded more to the status quo than to change.
D) effectively persuaded Congress to follow his lead.
E) carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 48

President Taft intervened militarily to protect threatened American interests and investments in

A) Honduras.
B) Manchuria.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Cuba.
E) the Dominican Republic.

Question 49

The conservation policies of President Roosevelt and his chief forester, Gifford Pinchot, aimed to achieve

A) protection of small firms engaging in logging and ranching.
B) efficient management of natural resources.
C) long-term planning for sustained resource use.
D) protection of wilderness areas from all public access.
E) opening of national parks to corporate development.

Question 50

The Supreme Court's most dramatic endorsement of trust-busting came when it ordered the breakup of

A) the Northern Securities Company.
B) United States Steel.
C) General Electric Corporation.
D) the Swift and Armour Meat-Packing trust.
E) the Standard Oil Company.

Question 51

Early-twentieth-century progressive state governors included

A) Hiram W. Johnson.
B) Robert La Follette.
C) William Howard Taft.
D) Victor L. Berger.
E) Nelson Aldrich.

Question 52

Generally, progressives believed that there was too much

A) political corruption.
B) governmental authority.
C) of a gap between rich and poor.
D) social injustice.
E) technology.