Deck 16: Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century

Question 1

What was the role of the "Talented Tenth," according to Du Bois?

A) to serve as artists and writers for blacks to emulate
B) to go into the South and teach blacks about Liberia
C) to work to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans
D) to demonstrate the usefulness of agricultural and vocational skills to blacks.

Answer 1

to work to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans

Question 2

Why did southern whites approve of Booker T.Washington?

A) He challenged the racial status quo in the South.
B) He upheld the institution of segregation in the South.
C) He advocated for blacks to take over white-owned businesses.
D) He lobbied in public and private to end bans against interracial unions.

Answer 2

He upheld the institution of segregation in the South.

Question 3

What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?

A) It demanded that blacks accept segregation for the time being in order to stop the enormous number of lynchings against them.
B) It demanded that all black leaders stand with Booker T.Washington.
C) It was never able to unify on any one goal or idea and broke up soon after its formation.
D) It argued that blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing, and an end to racial prejudice.

Answer 3

It argued that blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing, and an end to racial prejudice.

Question 4

How did white people react to Washington's speech?

A) Many whites attacked and burned Washington's school for his threatening remarks.
B) Washington was generally ignored by most important whites.
C) White people regarded Washington's speech as moderate, sensible, and praiseworthy.
D) Whites petitioned the federal government to block his message from blacks.

Question 5

What was the general nature of the NAACP publication,The Crisis?

A) It was a conservative publication, stressing acceptance of current racial conditions.
B) It denounced racism and demanded that blacks stand up for their rights.
C) It stressed blacks' need to obtain education in farming techniques.
D) It called for violence against the federal government.

Question 6

What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

A) They worked within the court and legislative system.
B) They attempted to use violence against white supremacists.
C) They would hold huge rallies, with jazz and blues music to attract followers.
D) They worked actively to discredit Washington and to limit funding to Tuskegee.

Question 7

How did W.E.B.Du Bois's background shape his views?

A) Du Bois was born in the South, but he moved North and did not sympathize with southern blacks.
B) Du Bois was born free in the North, felt little racism during his early years, and became fascinated by the role of race in America.
C) Du Bois immigrated from Africa, married a white woman, and avoided black issues during his lifetime.
D) Du Bois was born in the South; he came from a slave family with a history of provoking uprisings and advocated the use of violence.

Question 8

What was Washington's nickname?

A) "Book Man"
B) "the Wizard of Tuskegee"
C) "the first black president"
D) "Godfather"

Question 9

Consider the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk that appears in Chapter 16.What is the relationship between race and African-American people,according to Du Bois?

A) Race is a minor part of the identity of black people.
B) Race allows whites to see blacks accurately.
C) Race plays no part in the identity of black people.
D) Race provides a double identity for blacks.

Question 10

Who was described by one critic as the "Benedict Arnold of the Negro Race"?

A) Booker T.Washington
B) Frederick Douglass
C) William Trotter
D) Theodore Roosevelt

Question 11

Which of the following was an element of Booker T.Washington's famous speech at the Atlanta Cotton States Exposition in 1895?

A) He argued that blacks should work for voting rights at the same time they were trying to impress whites with their hard work, cleanliness, and good morals.
B) He told blacks to deny their position in society and accept segregation.
C) He told blacks to work for economic gains in low-level jobs as a way to improve their status in the eyes of whites.
D) He said he felt that blacks should move to Africa to escape racism.

Question 12

What is true about the early NAACP?

A) It was a racially conservative organization.
B) White leaders dominated and financed it.
C) Because of Washington's opposition, it rarely took stands against the Jim Crow system.
D) Washington's spies established the organization in order to crush the Niagara Movement.

Question 13

What was the goal of the Urban League?

A) to help urban blacks with housing, discrimination, and medical care
B) to prevent urban southern blacks from moving into northern cities
C) to assist blacks moving from the city to the country with agricultural skills
D) to lobby for political gains for blacks in the northern states

Question 14

The Niagara Movement leaders stated,"We repudiate the monstrous doctrine that the oppressor should be the sole authority as to the rights of the oppressed." What does this statement mean?

A) Movement leaders thought that blacks should have an active role in determining what they wanted.
B) Movement leaders thought violence was the only solution to blacks' problems.
C) Movement leaders thought whites had no role in American politics.
D) Movement leaders thought that blacks should become the oppressors of whites to solve the problem of American racism.

Question 15

How did William Monroe Trotter feel about Booker T.Washington's efforts and views?

A) Trotter supported him wholeheartedly and accepted political appointments as a loyal aid to Washington.
B) He thought Washington did not go far enough in championing accommodation with whites.
C) He became a vocal, intense critic of Washington; he felt that Washington was yielding too much power to whites.
D) Trotter, as an influential white man, appreciated Washington's efforts.

Question 16

Who was the most prominent black person associated with the NAACP in the early twentieth century?

A) Booker T.Washington
B) Harriet Tubman
C) Frederick Douglass
D) W.E.B.Du Bois

Question 17

What was the result of Washington's interactions with the NAACP?

A) He destroyed and closed down the NAACP.
B) He severely damaged the NAACP, and it would not gain in members until the 1950s.
C) The NAACP eventually triumphed in goals and tactics.
D) Washington was revealed as a poor leader and lost much support among whites.

Question 18

How did Booker T.Washington feel about the NAACP?

A) He liked the focus of the new organization and worked to support it behind the scenes.
B) Washington completely ignored the NAACP.
C) Washington sent in his aides and supporters to disrupt meetings and attack Du Bois publicly.
D) Washington paid judges and juries to reject NAACP arguments in court.

Question 19

How did Booker T.Washington react to the new Niagara Movement?

A) He attended meetings of and openly supported the group.
B) He paid newspaper editors to criticize Du Bois.
C) He secretly paid money to support the group.
D) Although he did not support the group, he did little to harm it.

Question 20

How did Du Bois's and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men differ?

A) Du Bois, unlike Washington, did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and wait for change.
B) Du Bois, like Washington, was tolerant of white supremacy and with whites who accepted it.
C) Du Bois, unlike Washington, felt that agitation for colonies in Africa made the most sense for blacks.
D) Du Bois and Washington actually did not differ greatly regarding tactics for racial improvement.

Question 21

What provoked the formation of the National Federation of Afro-American Women?

A) black women's boredom with simple social clubs
B) black women's anger over racism by a white journalist
C) the rape of a black woman by a white man in the South
D) the need for middle-class black women to earn money in domestic labor

Question 22

What was the relationship between African-American soldiers and Pancho Villa in 1916 and 1917?

A) Black troops joined Villa's forces.
B) Black troops captured Villa but then allowed him to go free.
C) Black troops helped to hide Villa.
D) Black troops were dispatched to find Villa.

Question 23

What were the results of the Springfield Riot of 1908?

A) the imprisonment of over 300 blacks
B) the creation of the NAACP
C) W.E.B.Du Bois's death at the hands of white police
D) Washington being beaten by police, after he was mistaken for a rioter

Question 24

The American Negro Academy is an example of self-help efforts among what class of blacks during the era?

A) working class
B) lower middle class
C) middle class
D) upper class

Question 25

How did Booker T.Washington react to the Atlanta Riot of 1906?

A) He became an outspoken opponent of the use of violence by blacks.
B) He said that black resistance would only lead to more black deaths and urged racial harmony.
C) He decided to support liberal arts education as a way of preventing violence.
D) He advocated the use of self-defense and violence in the Atlanta Riot because blacks had been attacked first.

Question 26

Granville Woods is an example of what aspect of the black experience during the era?

A) He was a prominent black officer who fought in World War I.
B) He was a prominent victim of a race riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
C) He was a black male leader of the women's suffrage movement.
D) He was a black inventor who invented various railroad technologies.

Question 27

What characteristics defined the American Negro Academy?

A) it was a religious-based organization associated with the local Catholic Church
B) it was a scholarly organization that nurtured black identity and consciousness
C) it was an organization opposed to the ideology of W.E.B.Du Bois
D) it was a radical Communist organization

Question 28

How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president?

A) Wilson was a firm believer that blacks and whites should be equal.
B) Wilson held southern views about race and segregated federal offices to avoid friction between the races.
C) Although Wilson did not personally like blacks, he did appoint substantial numbers of blacks to high offices in his administration.
D) Wilson did everything he could to restrict black voting rights and other political opportunities.

Question 29

What is the connection between the NAACP and the Supreme Court during the 1910s?

A) A Supreme Court justice became the editor of The Crisis.
B) A lawyer for the NAACP became a Supreme Court justice.
C) The court rejected all cases brought before it by the NAACP.
D) The NAACP tried and won several cases before the court.

Question 30

What was the focus of early black women's clubs in the 1870s and 1880s?

A) women's right to vote
B) the abolition of slavery worldwide
C) cultural, religious, and social matters
D) publicizing and criticizing domestic abuse

Question 31

What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?

A) Democrat
B) Populist
C) Republican
D) Blacks were split between the three parties.

Question 32

What is the connection between the Niagara movement and the formation of the NAACP?

A) The Niagara movement gave birth to the NAACP.
B) The NAACP spawned the Niagara movement.
C) There was no direct link between the two organizations.
D) Both organizations were created by the Urban League.

Question 33

What role did police play in many of the race riots of the era?

A) Police generally tried to assist blacks in any way they could.
B) Police tried to be neutral enforcers of the law.
C) Police were often either the cause of the trouble or the helpmates of the rioters.
D) Police completely ignored the riots, allowing violence to go unchecked for some time before making their presence known.

Question 34

How did most African Americans feel about entering World War I?

A) Because of their past experiences, blacks criticized the war and knew it would bring no gains for them.
B) Most supported it, and many served in the armed forces as a way to demonstrate their patriotism and loyalty.
C) Some blacks openly protested the war through marches and demonstrations.
D) Violence broke out in many cities across the United States as blacks protested unfair drafting and wartime hiring practices.

Question 35

What was true about the black upper-class in the early twentieth century?

A) They had wealth equal to that of the very wealthiest whites.
B) They were often light skinned and possessed European ancestry.
C) They were as sophisticated, refined, and status conscious as any group in American society.
D) They were better educated than almost all other Americans of any race.

Question 36

What were Du Bois's views of the postwar impact of World War I on black people?

A) He thought that blacks demonstrated their valor, intelligence, and bravery during the war and that the war was a great success for blacks.
B) He was demoralized and thought that he should not have supported the war wholeheartedly.
C) He was glad that black soldiers were integrated with white troops during World War I.
D) He thought that blacks should have deserted the army and gone to Africa during the war.

Question 37

Which of the following is true about African-American inventors in the early twentieth century?

A) Black inventors occasionally won in legal patent cases against whites.
B) Black inventors earned monetary fortunes from their inventions.
C) Black inventors generally experienced less racism than other blacks because science was color-blind by this time.
D) There were no black inventors at this time.

Question 38

What is true about black women's support for women's suffrage?

A) Since women's clubs were very conservative, they avoided controversial political issues.
B) Black women's clubs came out strongly in public against women's suffrage.
C) They had long supported women's suffrage and understood that the right to vote meant political power.
D) Black women tended to be for suffrage only for very wealthy black women.

Question 39

What was the main role of many Phillis Wheatley homes?

A) They were literature clubs, studying mainly black contributions to the arts and sciences.
B) They provided housing to single black women who were refused entrance to the YWCA.
C) They were educational facilities for young children.
D) They were centers to promote racial equality through protest.

Question 40

What was the relationship between the Republican Party and the Progressive Party during the 1910s?

A) The Progressive Party split, forming a splinter Republican Party.
B) The Republican Party split, forming a splinter Progressive Party.
C) The Democratic Party split, giving rise to the Progressive and Republican parties.
D) The Whig Party split, giving rise to the Progressive and Republican parties.

Question 41

What area became known as the "Negro Capital of the World"?

A) Chicago, Illinois
B) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
C) Charleston, South Carolina
D) Harlem, New York City, New York

Question 42

What did many race riots of the early twentieth century have in common?

A) Whites feared that blacks would leave northern cities and their jobs and families behind.
B) Police always protected black people.
C) The causes of the riots often included whites charging sexual misconduct against black men.
D) They generally led to some sort of improvement in race relations.

Question 43

Why did a riot erupt in Houston in 1917?

A) Houston police killed a small black child.
B) Houston police raped a young black woman.
C) Black soldiers were angry at the racism of the police in the segregated city.
D) Blacks in the city burned city hall in an attempt to protest discrimination.

Question 44

In January 1923, the small town of Rosewood, Florida, was destroyed, and its black residents were driven out or killed.

Question 45

The Niagara movement lasted several generations while the NAACP declined to a small organization by 1930.

Question 46

The Marine Corps allowed black men to serve in non-combat roles.

Question 47

Black troops returned to America from World War I on integrated ships.

Question 48

The impact of World War I on the African-American community included a reduction in the collective demand for racial equality at home.

Question 49

Why was the Harlem Property Owners' Improvement Corporation formed?

A) Blacks were attempting to get improvements made to their homes and to get the city to furnish them with public services like garbage pickup.
B) Whites were attempting to keep blacks out of Harlem.
C) Blacks were attempting to gain voting rights in that area.
D) Blacks and whites came together to work for educational opportunities for their children.

Question 50

Examine the 1921 photograph of the Greenwood neighborhood in Tulsa,Oklahoma,that appears in Chapter 16.What tells historians that it depicts a race riot?

A) Houses and telephone poles are shown in the foreground.
B) A road lies at the center of the image.
C) A fire and a cloud of smoke appear in the background.
D) Cars are shown in the image.

Question 51

Why did blacks find Chicago advantageous?

A) The city lacked black residents and lacked any black business competition.
B) The city provided some opportunities for political influence by black politicians.
C) The city lacked a history of racial tension over jobs and housing.
D) The city elected a black mayor in the early 1900s.

Question 52

What is true about black migration between 1910 and 1940?

A) Many blacks migrated but not as many as had left the South after the Civil War.
B) Blacks were unable to migrate because of strict laws in the South forbidding migration.
C) Black migration was limited exclusively to black women because men could not find jobs or housing outside of the South.
D) Many blacks migrated, doubling the population of blacks outside the southern states.

Question 53

After Booker T.Washington outlined his philosophy at the opening ceremonies of the Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta in 1895,the black editor of the New York Age told Washington that he had replaced Frederick Douglass (who had died in 1895)as an African-American leader.

Question 54

The results of unrestricted submarine warfare by 1917 helped to bring the U.S.into World War I against Germany.

Question 55

Besides providing college students with an opportunity to enjoy each other's company,black fraternities and sororities stressed scholarship,social graces,and community involvement.

Question 56

Why did a race riot erupt in Atlanta,Georgia,in 1906?

A) Republican candidates made speeches that stirred up racial animosity.
B) White people had been excluding blacks from coming into the city.
C) Blacks attacked a white policeman.
D) The Atlanta newspapers ran inflammatory, often exaggerated or false accounts about black crime and black men who brutalized white women.

Question 57

Why did blacks initially settle in the Harlem area of New York City?

A) The area had been a way station on the underground railroad and had a history of black protest.
B) Because builders were unable to sell to whites, they sold to blacks to avoid bankruptcy.
C) Blacks were forced into the area by whites who wanted them removed from more expensive areas.
D) For almost a century, numerous powerful black politicians resided in the area.

Question 58

What is the connection between violence and blacks in America during the era of World War I?

A) Violence decreased against blacks as all Americans turned to support the war.
B) Violence against blacks during the war was often perpetrated by blacks themselves.
C) Violence against blacks expanded from the South to include the North as well.
D) Violence against blacks was widespread but limited to the South.

Question 59

When World War I erupted in Europe in August 1914, most Americans were eager to participate.

Question 60

Booker T.Washington founded the National Negro Business League in 1900 and served as its president until he died in 1915.

Question 61

One result of the East __________ ___________ race riot of 1917 was a report written by W.E.B.Du Bois on the causes of the riot.

Question 62

Opposition to Booker T.Washington intensified in the late 1800s when William Monroe__________,the Harvard-educated editor of the Boston Guardian,described Washington as "the Great Traitor."

Question 63

The connection between Oscar __________ and George __________ includes the fact that both were black U.S.congressmen separated by 27 years of service,reflecting a profound gap in black office holding in the history of Congress.

Question 64

The effect of the efforts by Ida Wells _________ in the aftermath of the Elaine,Arkansas,race riot of 1919 was to generate widespread publicity about the tragic event.

Question 65

What were Booker T.Washington's views on how to improve blacks' situation? How did he contradict these views at times?

Question 66

Who is Lewis Latimer and how does his life reveal the challenges and opportunities facing blacks during this time?

Question 67

The connection between the West __________ and the northern states includes many thousands of migrants who arrived in the early 1900s during the Great Migration.

Question 68

The book,The __________ of Black Folk,written by W.E.B.Du Bois,was one of the major literary accomplishments of the twentieth century and contained his first formal attack on Washington.

Question 69

Examine Map 16-1.Why did race riots occur where they did around the time of World War I? What other patterns are evident in the data?

Question 70

The motto of the __________was "lifting as we climb."

Question 71

Discuss Booker T.Washington's role as a black leader during the early twentieth century.

Question 72

Why did blacks leave the South in large numbers during the Great Migration?

Question 73

What was the relationship between the "Tuskegee Machine" and the U.S.political system of the era?

Question 74

What is the connection between the labor movement and the race riots that erupted between 1917 and 1921?

Question 75

In 1914 war almost broke out between the United States and __________ when U.S.Marines landed at Vera Cruz after an attack on American sailors

Question 76

The government of _________ praised African-American soldiers for their courage and exploits during World War I.

Question 77

Who is Mary Church Terrell,and how does her life reveal the intersection of black women and the club movement during the era?

Question 78

What was the connection between American foreign relations and blacks in the military during the Woodrow Wilson administration?

Question 79

In the early twentieth century,no one was more committed to improving the lives of young black women than Jane Edna __________.