Deck 10: Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform, 1824-1840

Question 1

In his "war" on the Bank of the United States, President Jackson

A) removed federal deposits from the Bank of the United States and deposited them in state banks
B) forced the nation to adopt a paper money system
C) announced that all national fiscal policy would be made by the secretary of the treasury
D) banned the use of specie in business transactions
E) closed all branches of the Bank of the United States

Answer 1

removed federal deposits from the Bank of the United States and deposited them in state banks

Question 2

During the antebellum period, the American political system

A) collapsed.
B) fragmented into a multiple-party system.
C) became more democratic.
D) came under the control of a business elite.
E) came to look more and more like the British system.

Answer 2

became more democratic.

Question 3

What is the difference between "hard money" and "soft money"?

A) Hard money is difficult to acquire.
B) Hard money is specie like gold or silver, while soft money is paper.
C) Soft money is issued for only a specified number of months.
D) Hard money has no value, while soft money increases in value.
E) Soft money was usually easy to find, but only the elite had access to hard money.

Answer 3

Hard money is specie like gold or silver, while soft money is paper.

Question 4

Which party was the main opposition to Andrew Jackson during his second term in office?

A) Democratic party
B) Whig party
C) Republican party
D) Federalist party
E) Conservative party

Question 5

Which political theory postulates that the Union is a compact among the states and that a state has the right to override a federal law?

A) Statism
B) Provincialism
C) Sectionalism
D) Constitutionalism
E) Nullification

Question 6

The Whig Party was made up of

A) former Federalists and former Republicans who retained Jefferson's suspicion of a strong federal government.
B) former Federalists and former Republicans who believed that westward expansion should end.
C) former Federalists and former Republicans who believed that the national government should encourage economic development.
D) former Federalists and former Republicans who refused to accept the new techniques of American politics.
E) former Federalists and former Republicans who opposed plantation slavery in the South.

Question 7

Which section of the country tended to oppose tariffs?

A) New England
B) West
C) South
D) Middle Atlantic
E) Pacific Coast

Question 8

The practice of basing appointments on party loyalty is called the

A) Just deserts system.
B) Rotating system.
C) Spoils system.
D) Rotten system.
E) Reform system.

Question 9

Who founded the Church of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) after claiming he received visions from God?

A) Joseph Smith
B) Brigham Young
C) Peter Cartwright
D) Steve Young
E) John Mormon

Question 10

One of the reasons why Andrew Jackson vetoed the rechartering of the Bank of the United States was that it

A) prevented state banks from lending money.
B) refused to accept deposits of federal revenue.
C) was a private monopoly run by a privileged few.
D) president constantly meddled in national politics.
E) had been secretly purchased by Baring Bank of London.

Question 11

What was Horace Mann's primary concern in the reform movements of the first half of the nineteenth century?

A) He stressed the importance of establishing asylums to treat the mentally handicapped.
B) He stressed the importance of establishing public schools for children.
C) He stressed the importance of establishing juvenile detention centers for youth offenders.
D) He stressed the importance of establishing orphanages to care for abandoned children.
E) He stressed the importance of establishing psychiatric treatment centers for children.

Question 12

The Locofocos of New York were

A) a group of reformers who advocated insane asylums.
B) a tribe of Indians who had come from Georgia.
C) a group of Whigs who supported Martin Van Buren.
D) Irish immigrants who moved to western cities to mine for gold.
E) a workers' party that advocated hard money and free public education.

Question 13

John Calhoun wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest to protest

A) the repercussions of the Panic of 1819.
B) the "Tariff of Abominations."
C) the policies of Martin Van Buren.
D) John C. Calhoun's presidency.
E) Congress's refusal to allow slavery spread to the territories.

Question 14

Which of the following was not one of the forces of division within the Republican party in the early 1820s?

A) Industrialization in New England
B) Spread of cotton cultivation in the South
C) Westward expansion
D) Changing views of the role of the national government
E) Narrowing of the political process

Question 15

What did the presidential election of 1828 demonstrate?

A) Supporters of common people would have difficulty being elected.
B) First-term presidents usually can be reelected.
C) The new political parties were strongly sectional in their sources of strength.
D) The ghost of George Washington loomed large over the political landscape.
E) New Englanders would never vote for a southerner for president.

Question 16

What was the dispute in the 1830s Nullification Crisis?

A) South Carolina argued that a state had the right to override a federally-enacted tariff.
B) The New England states claimed that they could secede from the Union if they desired.
C) Virginia argued that Congress could not regulate trade on rivers or lakes.
D) New York demanded that the larger states be given more senators than small states
E) Massachusetts asserted that state laws took precedence over federal legislation.

Question 17

What were "pet banks"?

A) State banks that were preferred by Nicholas Biddle.
B) Branches of the Bank of the United States in states hostile to Andrew Jackson.
C) State banks chosen by President Jackson to be depositories of federal money.
D) Banks owned by members of the Whig party.
E) Foreign banks that lent capital to American mill owners.

Question 18

The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to

A) use arms to collect customs duties in South Carolina.
B) raise an army to put down an Indian insurrection.
C) negotiate new terms in the treaty of friendship between the United States and Britain.
D) force the Congress to pass an acceptable tariff bill.
E) appoint a secretary of the treasury who would do the president's bidding.

Question 19

The tariff controversy of the early 1830s showed that

A) the nation was united in the pursuit of economic nationalism.
B) Andrew Jackson was too stubborn to compromise on matters of high principle.
C) the nation faced serious and growing sectional pressures in the years ahead.
D) Henry Clay could never be elected president.
E) the West had growing political and economic power.

Question 20

Why did President Jackson veto the a bill that would have provided funding for a road in Kentucky?

A) The bill did not provide enough money for his own state.
B) He opposed federal funding of internal improvements that were purely local in character.
C) He preferred to support steamboat lines.
D) He believed it would benefit his political opponents rather than his own party.
E) The governor of Kentucky objected to the road.

Question 21

The Specie Circular required

A) Americans to use greenbacks instead of silver.
B) the federal government to issue equal amounts of soft and hard money.
C) the American dollar to be backed by gold.
D) that only specie be used to purchase public lands.
E) the government to back its paper money with an equal value of public lands.

Question 22

Who was the most famous and controversial white abolitionist?

A) William Lloyd Garrison
B) Frederick Douglass
C) Denmark Vesey
D) John C. Calhoun
E) Horace Mann

Question 23

Who won the 1840 presidential election?

A) Martin Van Buren
B) John Tyler
C) William Henry Harrison.
D) Henry Clay
E) Andrew Jackson

Question 24

Why did temperance reformers make one of their main targets the moderate drinkers among the laboring classes?

A) These drinkers were not supporting local tavern keepers.
B) Drinking interfered with the orderly and steady habits required by the new factory system.
C) Reformers hated factory workers.
D) Taverns prevented workers from relaxing.
E) Taverns drove down property values.

Question 25

What was the main cause of the great increase in the popular vote between the 1836 and 1840 presidential elections?

A) Lower suffrage requirements
B) Population growth
C) Higher voter turnout
D) Increased immigration
E) None of these choices

Question 26

Which sect believed that Jesus was not divine but merely an exemplary human being?

A) Mormons
B) Revivalists
C) Unitarians
D) Perfectionists
E) Millerites

Question 27

What was one of the major reasons for the changing attitude toward poverty, crime, and insanity in the early nineteenth century?

A) Factory owners wanted deviants locked up.
B) There were no longer enough jails to hold all the criminals.
C) Americans began to believe that human nature could be improved.
D) Americans began to believe that penitentiaries, workhouses, and insane asylums were counterproductive.
E) The early nineteenth century was a period of uncertainty, anxiety, and anger.

Question 28

Members of the Oneida Community advocated

A) manufacturing and the capital labor system.
B) the development of utopian communities based on unlimited freedoms.
C) spiritual renewal through silent meditation.
D) separate living quarters for men and women.
E) communal ownership of property, and "complex marriages" in which every member of the community was married to every other member of the other sex.

Question 29

The Peggy Eaton affair was significant because it

A) furthered a growing split between Andrew Jackson and his vice-president John C. Calhoun
B) showed that even before Bill Clinton, there were presidents who had affairs.
C) led to efforts to end the spoils system.
D) produced calls for Congress to prohibit the transportation of women across state lines for illicit purposes.
E) indicated how the Democratic Party was becoming the party of evangelicals.

Question 30

The Liberator was significant because it was a journal that

A) criticized the exploitation of the worker in northern factories.
B) stressed the need for compromise between the North and the South.
C) publicized the abolitionist cause.
D) presented a Marxist interpretation of labor.
E) presented both sides of the slavery debate

Question 31

The main objective of the American Colonization Society was to

A) end slavery by sending all blacks to the Great Plains.
B) establish white colonies in Africa.
C) abolish slavery and create a society where all are equal.
D) establish an all black colony in Jamaica.
E) free slaves and transport them back to Africa.

Question 32

Why did Vice President Martin Van Buren lose the presidential election of 1840?

A) The economic depression
B) The military record of his opponent
C) His sluggish campaigning
D) The refusal of the Whig party to publish a platform
E) All of these choices

Question 33

President Van Buren advocated the creation of the Independent Treasury because, he argued, it would

A) allow banks to operate with less government interference.
B) abolish state banks.
C) help to keep federal money out of the grasp of business corporations.
D) help to keep federal money out of the hands of state politicians.
E) determine which state banks would receive federal deposits.

Question 34

Why was the 1824 presidential election unique?

A) It was the first election involving party politics.
B) John Quincy Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives.
C) John Quincy Adams won over 75% of the popular vote.
D) Large-scale fraud and deception plagued the election.
E) The Senate had to select the winner after no candidate won over half the electoral vote.

Question 35

Why is Dorothea Dix famous?

A) She trained women immigrants to read and write.
B) She campaigned for better treatment of the mentally handicapped.
C) She was the leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
D) She was an advocate for helping battered women in the 1840s.

Question 36

Charles Finney often considered the "father of modern revivalism" because he

A) focused on the miraculous work of God and the lack of human agency.
B) introduced special revival techniques and reached out to all Protestant denominations.
C) believed man was inherently sinful; therefore, all men needed to hear him preach.
D) established a university to train itinerant ministers.
E) led more than 100,000 people to give professions of faith in Jesus Christ.

Question 37

The Shakers believed that

A) materialism was the surest route to heaven.
B) absolute immobility was necessary for religious ecstasy.
C) Christian socialism-pooling their land and implements-was the route to prosperity.
D) men could have multiple wives.
E) free love would produce a perfect society.

Question 38

Which of the following was not one of the characteristics of the Second Great Awakening?

A) Its greatest strength was in cities and factory towns.
B) Methodists were one of the most influential denominations.
C) Ordinary farmers and artisans were the most popular evangelists.
D) It was typified by the rise of the camp meeting.
E) It often proclaimed that the Second Coming of Jesus was near.

Question 39

After 1837, which political party became the anti-bank, hard-money party?

A) Whigs
B) Republicans
C) Millerites
D) Federalists
E) Democrats

Question 40

Which of the following did not contribute to the depression of 1837?

A) The creation of the Bank of Virginia
B) Jackson's use of state banks
C) Canal projects that depended on foreign investment.
D) The Specie Circular
E) British limitations on foreign investment

Question 41

Women hold their first national women's rights convention at

A) Cambridge, Massachusetts
B) Norwich, Vermont
C) Portsmouth, New Hampshire
D) New Haven, Connecticut
E) Seneca Falls, New York