Deck 14: Technology and Criminal Justice

Question 1

One of the benefits of DNA analysis is that it is inexpensive and results can be generated very quickly.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Several states have begun collecting DNA samples from individuals arrested, but not yet convicted, of committing a criminal act.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The invention of a new device (or development of a new technology) will automatically benefit actors in the criminal justice system.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Most cyber crime is committed by offenders located in the United States.

Question 5

Most incidents of cyber attacks against businesses are reported to law enforcement authorities.

Question 6

Technology, such as the "smart cars" used to patrol in Los Angeles, is cost effective and provides inexpensive methods of increasing efficiency by police.

Question 7

Criminal offenders can sometimes be identified through the DNA of family members if their own DNA is not available for testing.

Question 8

The FBI fingerprint database includes fingerprints of both criminals and noncriminals, such as people who work for the federal government.

Question 9

Forensic evidence, such as fingerprints, handwriting, and bite mark analysis have been determined to be reliable through scientific testing.

Question 10

Police have been collecting fingerprint information from offenders for nearly 100 years.

Question 11

Surveillance cameras that monitor and ticket people who run red lights are potentially in conflict with citizens' civil liberties.

Question 12

Illegally downloading music from the Internet is a federal crime in the United States.

Question 13

Polygraph evidence is admissible as evidence in criminal courts.

Question 14

The government of North Korea was accused of creating fake U.S.currency in order to create instability in the American economy.

Question 15

Over 200 people have been freed from prison after DNA testing proved they were actually innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted.

Question 16

Facial recognition software can quickly identify criminal suspects in crowded areas.

Question 17

There have been no recorded deaths resulting from the use of rubber bullets by police.

Question 18

Technological advances have resulted in the ability of all police departments to determine the exact location of cell phones that have dialed 911.

Question 19

The most frequent type of data analyzed by forensic crime laboratories is DNA evidence.

Question 20

According to the Supreme Court, some statutes outlawing online pornography actually violate the right to free speech.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about the use of new technology in policing is TRUE?

A) Only a few departments can afford new technology.
B) Police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology.
C) New technology may raise issues regarding constitutional rights.
D) Police rarely use new technology.
E) None of these; all of the statements given are false.

Question 22

According to this chapter, the news media becomes an element in the interaction, competition, and conflict between human beings who have opposing objectives.

Question 23

Credit card fraud cost online merchants close to how many dollars a year?

A) 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 30 million
D) 60 million
E) 1 billion

Question 24

Prior to the invention of the electric chair, the method of execution most often used in the United States was:

A) lethal injection.
B) firing squad.
C) hanging.
D) guillotine.
E) stoning.

Question 25

In the case of In re Kemmler (1890), the Supreme Court decided that:

A) the death penalty was cruel and unusual.
B) the government could not use heat-sensing technology to search a home.
C) police used excessive force when using pepper spray against Kemmler.
D) the use of the electric chair was a humane method of extinguishing life.
E) Kemmler was required to provide a DNA sample at arrest.

Question 26

Several hundred people in the United States have died from injuries inflicted by Tasers.

Question 27

New devices designed specifically to protect property or to assist police will generate adaptive behavior by would-be lawbreakers.

Question 28

The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure items while posing as someone else is called:

A) cyber crime.
B) identify theft.
C) forgery.
D) obstruction.
E) uttering.

Question 29

This type of crime involves the use of computers and the Internet to commit acts against people, property, public order, or morality.

A) victimless crime
B) network crime
C) cyber crime
D) juvenile crime
E) computer crime

Question 30

Which socioeconomic group is often hit hard by identify theft?

A) poor
B) disadvantaged
C) lower middle class
D) affluent
E) tax exempt

Question 31

More money is spent every year on technologically based training and education for prisoners than on security.

Question 32

In 1996, the United States had to redesign American currency to combat:

A) bank robbery.
B) money laundering.
C) counterfeiting.
D) cyber crime.
E) embezzlement.

Question 33

The most common form of identity theft is:

A) credit card fraud.
B) bank account fraud.
C) tax refund fraud.
D) mortgage fraud.
E) loans fraud.

Question 34

The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad investigates all types of crime.

Question 35

Which of the following falls into the category of cyber crime?

A) using a computer to steal someone's identity
B) hacking into a bank computer to withdraw money from someone else's account
C) soliciting minors online for sex
D) spamming Internet email accounts for false donations.
E) all of these

Question 36

Jurors who conduct their own Internet investigations can cause mistrials.

Question 37

Less-lethal weapons may cause officers to act too quickly when an incident might be handled without force.

Question 38

Public defenders have easy access to video technology that allows them to recreate a crime scene with computer-generated images.

Question 39

The FBI's CAT initiative stands for:

A) Counsel at Transition
B) Criminals and Technology
C) Cyber Action Team
D) Crime and Terrorism
E) Creative Assessment of Targets

Question 40

The first man condemned to execution by electric chair was:

A) William Musafina.
B) William Kemmler.
C) William Douglas.
D) William Saine.
E) William Griffen.

Question 41

The inclusion of this on police cars can increase the number of license plates checked by about 80 times the number that can be checked by a police officer.

A) a radar detector
B) a GPS tracking device
C) a camera-computer system
D) a dash camera
E) a laptop computer

Question 42

In 2008, 19 Americans died as a result of taking counterfeit heparin that had been imported from:

A) North Korea.
B) China.
C) Iran.
D) Thailand.
E) Canada.

Question 43

Cell phones can be traced for location purposes when calling which number?

A) 311
B) 411
C) 611
D) 911
E) any number may be used

Question 44

Because of large profits, organized crime groups have been involved in the counterfeiting of ___________ drugs.

A) illegal
B) prescription
C) hospital
D) over-the-counter
E) banned

Question 45

The federal government uses a fingerprint data system called:

A) CODIS.
B) GIS.
C) IAFIS.
D) NIJ.
E) NCVS.

Question 46

The "spit and acquit" program was developed by:

A) a judge trying to find defendants guilty.
B) a defense attorney trying to prove his clients' innocence.
C) a prosecutor attempting to expand DNA collection.
D) a forensic scientist testing a new lab technique.
E) a police officer working on a new weapons technology.

Question 47

GIS technology is used to:

A) map crime to identify "hot spots."
B) test whether suspects are telling the truth.
C) reduce the likelihood of injury from weapons.
D) limit the number of lawsuits brought against the police.
E) sort and prioritize incoming 911 calls.

Question 48

Impressions of the unique pattern of ridges on the fingertip that are left behind on objects are called:

A) latent fingerprints.
B) latent impressions.
C) residual fingerprints.
D) tell-tale signs.
E) CSI techniques.

Question 49

What percentage of departments have patrol cars that have in-vehicle computers?

A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80
E) 90

Question 50

This organization is responsible for controlling counterfeit drugs.

A) FCC
B) FBI
C) FIC
D) FDA
E) FFF

Question 51

In Lansing, Michigan, police officers can search for warrants on citizens by simply:

A) swiping their driver's license.
B) testing a sample of their saliva.
C) scanning their fingerprints.
D) running their facial recognition program.
E) taking their picture.

Question 52

The database containing DNA samples used by law enforcement is:

A) CODIS.
B) GIS.
C) IAFIS.
D) NIJ.
E) NCVS.

Question 53

Complaints received by IC3 from the public are related to:

A) homicide.
B) bank robbery.
C) errors made in DNA analysis.
D) counterfeiting.
E) cyber crime.

Question 54

New technology allows law enforcement to detect these by using sensors strategically placed throughout various neighborhoods.

A) robberies
B) gunshots
C) assaults
D) car accidents
E) terrorist cells

Question 55

A scientific technique that identifies people through their distinctive gene patterns is:

A) DNA analysis.
B) fingerprint analysis.
C) toxicology analysis.
D) blood splatter analysis.
E) hair/fiber analysis.

Question 56

The 311 number has been set aside by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for:

A) emergency use.
B) interagency communication.
C) cell phone use.
D) nonemergency use.
E) fire alerts.

Question 57

The inclusion of _________________ in officer patrol cars has increased the numbers of arrests made by police.

A) pepper spray
B) radios
C) cell phones
D) computers
E) handcuffs

Question 58

The use of computers inside patrol cars has improved which of the following?

A) higher expectations of police efficiency
B) improved efficiency
C) improved electronic communication
D) less handwriting
E) all of these

Question 59

One of the biggest issues with DNA testing involves too few:

A) officers.
B) labs.
C) analysts.
D) courts.
E) prisons.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a method used by the U.S.government to avoid monetary counterfeiting?

A) a security thread embedded in the paper
B) ridges in the paper that allow one to "feel" the amount of the bill with one's fingers
C) a watermark including the portrait of the figure on the bill
D) microprinting that is hard to imitate
E) optically variable ink

Question 61

The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad lists its responsibilities as covering all of the following EXCEPT:

A) intrusions of the public switched network (the telephone company).
B) major computer network intrusions.
C) threatening emails and cell phone calls.
D) network integrity violations.
E) privacy violations.

Question 62

The police believe the rapist may have committed similar acts in other cities. The police would use ____ to help determine if this was the case.

A) telephone calls
B) surveillance cameras
C) DNA databases
D) DNA
E) geographic information systems (GIS)

Question 63

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is TRUE?

A) The acquisition of automatic weapons can make drug traffickers more dangerous in battling their rivals and threatening witnesses.
B) Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
C) Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
D) Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
E) All of the above.

Question 64

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is FALSE?

A) The acquisition of technology has made drug traffickers less dangerous in battling their rivals and threatening witnesses.
B) Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
C) Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
D) Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
E) Computers and other technologies also create opportunities to commit new kinds of crimes, such as cyber crime and counterfeiting.

Question 65

Courts use ________________ to assist in processing cases.

A) DNA
B) less lethal weapons
C) electronic monitoring
D) bar code scanning
E) electronic file management

Question 66

Which of the following statements is TRUE about forensic evidence?

A) It can identify offenders accurately, even when mishandled by technicians.
B) Bite marks have been scientifically validated as reliable.
C) As DNA evidence ages it becomes more difficult to use it to identify individuals.
D) Ten inmates on death row have been proved to be wrongly incarcerated after DNA evidence was tested.
E) The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals have the right to access the original evidence from their cases for DNA analysis.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is TRUE?

A) Lawbreakers do not have the capacity to invent their own devices.
B) Lawbreakers will shy away from crime because of the challenge of new technology.
C) Lawbreakers will adjust their own behavior and invent their own devices.
D) Lawbreakers will wait for new technology to be invented before they attempt a crime.
E) Technology always gives police the upper hand.

Question 68

Which of the following is considered a form of new weapons technology?

A) a Taser
B) a handgun
C) pepper spray
D) martial arts
E) a nightstick

Question 69

Police use technology in ______ would-be lawbreakers.

A) competition with
B) conjunction with
C) response to
D) anticipation of
E) resistance to

Question 70

In the case of Kyllo v.United States, police used a thermal imaging camera to determine if suspects living in a house were:

A) growing marijuana.
B) forging currency.
C) stealing identities.
D) downloading child pornography.
E) planning terrorist activities.

Question 71

New devices designed specifically to protect property or to assist police will generate ________ behavior by would-be lawbreakers.

A) resentful
B) hesitant
C) adaptive
D) gleeful
E) resistant

Question 72

The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad lists its responsibilities as covering all of the following EXCEPT:

A) pirated computer software.
B) major computer network intrusions.
C) industrial espionage.
D) network integrity violations.
E) telebank thefts.

Question 73

In 2009 the National Academy of Sciences (2009) produced a report that:

A) supported the validity and accuracy of many forensic science methods used by police and prosecutors.
B) the police used new technology always in appropriate ways.
C) questioned the validity and accuracy of many forensic science methods used by police and prosecutors.
D) society was distrustful whenever the police used new technologies in their investigations.

Question 74

Which of the following statements about weapons technology is TRUE?

A) It is impossible to subdue a determined suspect with less-lethal weapons.
B) The trend toward adoption of less-lethal weapons by police departments has been prompted by lawsuits brought in cases where officers killed or injured suspects.
C) Some less-lethal weapons may be more harmful than initially thought.
D) The statements in (b) and (c) are both true.
E) None of these; all of the statements given are false.

Question 75

This particular Act approves the use of "roving" surveillance aimed at particular individuals.

A) U.S.Surveillance Act
B) U.S.Patriot Act
C) U.S.Terrorist Act
D) U.S.Informer Act
E) U.S.Protector Act

Question 76

"419 scams" offer large sums of money in exchange for payments from these targeted fraud victims and is named after which country's criminal code?

A) Italy
B) United States
C) Mexico
D) Russia
E) Nigeria

Question 77

Which of the following statements about technology and society is TRUE?

A) Technology is moving so fast society is left no alternative but to trust science.
B) Society finds new technology baffling and disruptive.
C) Society presumes scientific advances lead to progress and are always beneficial.
D) Society mistrusts science and are wary of any claims to benefits.

Question 78

According to Cole and Smith, why have judges banned cell phones from jury members during trials?

A) Excessive ringing was disturbing the trials.
B) Jurors were not paying close enough attention to the trial.
C) To keep jurors from doing their own research on the case.
D) Jurors in some cases were taking pictures of defendants.
E) The judge is not allowed to have a phone in court, so no one else can have a phone.

Question 79

Which of the following is an example of "soft" technology for crime prevention and control?

A) gunshot location devices
B) metal detectors
C) GPS systems for monitoring offenders
D) amber alerts
E) new weapons for police officers

Question 80

________ becomes an element in the interaction, competition, and conflict between human beings who have opposing objectives.

A) Education
B) Criminal intent
C) Technology
D) Money
E) Government