Deck 13: Sociology of Work

Question 1

Work is common in the social world across

A)all societies
B)specific societies
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The flourishing of the gold mining industry led to growth in the

A)manufacturing sector
B)service sector
C)manufacturing and service sectors.
D)None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Division of Labour in Society offers a framework for understanding

A)the forces underlying global-scale interactions.
B)the role of LGBTI people in the workplace.
C)the two-factor model.
D)the exact cause of HIV and AIDS.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____were then emerging in secondary industries and services, namely engineering, the building trade, leather, clothing, chemical and sweet industries, plus glass and laundry services.

A)Unions
B)Political parties
C)Professional associations
D)All of the above

Question 5

The final phase of slavery from _________coincided with economic growth which heightened the demand and price of slaves.

A)1808 to 1838
B)1800-1828
C)1801-1899
D)1802-1826

Question 6

The ___________of 1841 governed employment relationships.

A)Master and Servant Act
B)The Group Areas Act
C)The Migrant Labour
D)The Group Areas Act

Question 7

In Division of Labour in Society, Durkheim observed that an increase in __________ intensified the demand for resources.

A)population size and density
B)capital
C)division of labour
D)specialisation

Question 8

Division of labour refers to specialisation with respect to all but one of the following:

A)The work required to complete a specific task
B)Raw materials
C)Parts needed to produce a product
D)Mechanical solidarity

Question 9

The onset of increasing mechanisation made it possible for skilled jobs to be broken down in a way that allowed for unskilled and semi-skilled black labour to do the job

A)at a cheaper rate
B)at a higher rate
C)the same rate

Question 10

Émile Durkheim described ______________________ as work that is broken down into specialised tasks, each performed by a different set of workers specifically trained to do that task.

A)social interaction
B)the division of labour
C)colonisation
D)the 'global village'

Question 11

In Division of Labour in Society, Durkheim argued that societies become more vulnerable as the division of labour becomes more complex and specialised.He was particularly concerned about the kinds of events that

A)promote self-sufficiency.
B)increase independence among people.
C)increase differences among people.
D)break down people's ability to connect to one another in meaningful ways through their labour.

Question 12

The concept of work is associated predominantly with

A)paid employment
B)unpaid employment
C)volunteer work
D)all of the above

Question 13

Work can be understood sociologically as

A)any activity offered
B)conducted or delivered by an individual that is productive.
C)Such work can be paid or unpaid, contractual, voluntary or forced.
D)A, B, C
E)A and C

Question 14

The first regulation based on industrial colour bar, which prohibited black African employees from becoming______, was passed in 1897.

A)engine drivers
B)engineers
C)miners
D)teachers

Question 15

The Industrial Conciliation Act of 1930

A)Allowed for representation of black African employee interests on industrial councils as represented by the Department of Labour.
B)Allowed black African employees to earn the same as white employees
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Question 16

Indentured ______ and _____workers also played a key role in the South African economy at this time.

A)Chinese and British
B)Indian and Dutch
C)Chinese and Indian

Question 17

The Cape trade route was monopolised by the Portuguese during the 16th century.

A)Slave trading formed a large part of Portuguese trade.
B)The first phase of slavery lasted from 1652 to 1717.
C)The second phase lasted until 1808 when the British suspended slavery.
D)All of the above

Question 18

Black African employees were employed mainly as

A)unskilled servants and labourers on farms
B)skilled workers.

Question 19

According to Durkheim, the vulnerability of societies __________ as the division of labour becomes more complex and specialised.

A)decreases
B)remains the same
C)increases
D)increases but eventually decreases

Question 20

A simple division of labour causes people to be

A)extremely different from one another.
B)suspicious of one another.
C)reflexive thinkers.
D)more alike than different.

Question 21

Supply and demand also apply to _________, and this affects employment.

A)products
B)goods
C)services
D)Income

Question 22

Post-Fordism promotes

A)Multi-skilling and teamwork
B)Isolated workers
C)Increased division of labour
D)Hierarchy

Question 23

Bureaucracies in most cases, have long lines of

A)control
B)authority
C)control and authority
D)None of the above

Question 24

Theory ____states that employees take on organisational goals and align them with their own goals in an attempt to achieve self-actualisation.

A)X
B)Y

Question 25

Theory ___ encompassed a category of participative management style employees.

A)X
B)Y

Question 26

The supply of labour is defined as

A)Persons who work, or want to work, and refers to the kinds of labour that is available in the labour market.
B)Geographical location affects supply and demand for labour and thus unemployment levels too.
C)A and B

Question 27

Race groups were segregated in terms of

A)housing, residential areas
B)social activities, access to basic amenities
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Question 28

Organisations that employ bureaucratic frameworks usually enforce

A)a rigid set of rules.
B)hierarchy with minimal flexibility offered to its employees.
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Question 29

McGregor's X-Y Theory focuses on __________ that improves organisational culture.

A)organisational development
B)Culture
C)Societies
D)Behaviour

Question 30

Theory X suggests that workers display a natural disliking for work, while Theory Y suggests that workers are active agents who enjoy working due to goals of ___________.

A)self-actualisation
B)success
C)wealth
D)advancement

Question 31

________ are organised labour movements at a global, national or organisational level.They may be seen as the voice and representation of workers.

A)trade unions
B)NGOs
C)CBOs
D)None of the above

Question 32

Theory ______is an authoritarian style of managing employees at work with a view that the average employee has an inherent dislike for work.

A)X
B)Y

Question 33

Alienation is

A)The loss of an individual's own generic nature in a work activity; workers are isolated from each other.
B)A worker feels unhappy.
C)A worker is targeted for promotion.
D)None of the above

Question 34

The level of unemployment has vast effects on the country's socio-economic wellbeing.In South Africa, one of the reasons for unemployment is the issue of the _____and supply of labour.

A)demand
B)funding
C)corruption
D)need

Question 35

Part of Theory ____ suggests that employees tried to avoid their responsibilities given the opportunity.

A)X
B)Y

Question 36

Fertility rates, increased mortality rates, AIDS deaths, lack of adequate educational facilities all affect________

A)the supply of labour
B)Level of income
C)Unemployment
D)All of the above

Question 37

The system of _____ Education came into play, which formalised the ______ of education.Different education systems provided education to the different____ groups.

A)Bantu, segregation, race
B)race, segregation, Bantu
C)apartheid, policy, cultural groups

Question 38

Apartheid was a political system of governance employed in South Africa by the Nationalist Party.

A)It was based on racial segregation and discrimination.
B)People in South Africa were treated equally.
C)There was no racial classification.
D)Everyone had the same voting rights.

Question 39

Trade unions play a ______ in intervening, addressing and supporting workers through their workplace issues and challenges.

A)vital role
B)financial role
C)political role
D)negative role

Question 40

Unemployment is a state of joblessness experienced by an individual who is ________ a job.

A)actively seeking
B)in
C)unhappy with
D)hoping for

Question 41

Colonialism refers to a process whereby countries with more economic and military power than other countries make these countries or regions subject to them through political and/or military interventions.These colonies are then exploited economically with economic benefit returning to the colonising countries.

Question 42

Herzberg's two-factor theory is a work-related theory that focuses on two factors: wealth and profit.

Question 43

The discovery of gold and diamonds resulted in high levels of unemployment in the Witwatersrand.

Question 44

The industrial relations system in South Africa in the early 1970s was ______.This meant that one system existed for white, coloured and Indian people, whilst another system existed for African workers.

A)dualistic
B)fair
C)inclusive
D)all of the above

Question 45

Factors that influence or threaten trade unions include the

A)recent political and economic changes causing a worldwide decline in union membership
B)Unemployment
C)Political violence
D)All of the above

Question 46

The first large-scale African industrial worker and farm labour tenant organisation was the

A)Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union of Africa (ICU)
B)Congress of South Africa Trade Unions (COSATU)
C)Federation of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA)
D)National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)

Question 47

South African trade unions include the

A)Congress of South Africa Trade Unions (COSATU)
B)Federation of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA)
C)National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)
D)All of the above
E)A and B only

Question 48

The Constitution of South Africa and labour legislation affords workers the right to ______

A)bargain collectively
B)strike
C)A and B

Question 49

______, coloured and Indian workers were governed by the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1956.

A)Black
B)White

Question 50

In a fast-paced economy with advanced technology, many people appreciate a bureaucratic approach.

Question 51

Post-Fordism promotes: Multi-skilling; teamwork rather than isolated workers; a reduction in the division of labour; the flattening of the hierarchy; and the introduction of the autonomy of workers including decision making.

Question 52

_______engaged in community unionism and challenged hegemony of capitalism.

A)Terrorists
B)Populists

Question 53

____________determines the minimum wages in the enterprise or in the whole sector.

A)Collective bargaining
B)Exploitation
C)Communism
D)Socialism

Question 54

Neo-Fordism: An alternative production system to Fordism, in an attempt to allow for greater flexibility in production through the use of new technology to expand the range of products offered.

Question 55

Unions and the employers have to be sufficiently ________in order to form a bargaining council.

A)prepared
B)represented

Question 56

Work can be understood sociologically as any activity offered, conducted or delivered by an individual that is productive.Such work can be paid or unpaid, contractual, voluntary or forced.

Question 57

Labour force is a group of workers employed to fulfil work activities according to a contractual agreement.

Question 58

Workers joined together with common goals to prevent ________, protect their interests as well as to protect them against unfair treatment.

A)progress
B)exploitation
C)salary increases
D)job losses

Question 59

The Master and Servant Act of 1841 governed employment relationships.

Question 60

Bureaucracies, in most cases, do not have long lines of control and authority.

Question 61

Division of labour is when work that is dissected into specialised tasks are then carried out by a different set of workers; each set is equipped to perform that specific task through training.

Question 62

During the apartheid era, black Africans were employed mainly as unskilled workers and labourers on farms.

Question 63

The second phase lasted until 1980 when the British suspended slavery.

Question 64

Work is associated mainly with paid employment.

Question 65

Theory X maintained that workers were active agents that enjoyed working due to goals of self-actualisation.

Question 66

Apartheid did not segregate South Africans based on race.

Question 67

Apartheid is a political system of governance based on racial segregation and discrimination.

Question 68

Theory Y explained that workers displayed a natural disliking for work.

Question 69

Youth unemployment is one of the most security and development challenges in the world today.

Question 70

Unemployment is a state of joblessness experienced by an individual who is an active job seeker.

Question 71

The first phase of slavery lasted from 1500 to 1900.

Question 72

In 1994, South Africa held its first democratic elections.

Question 73

The Fordist approach did not promote the alienation of workers.

Question 74

Workerists fought for class exploitation.They argued that the class system should continue to benefit the wealthy

Question 75

Slave trading formed a large part of Arab trade.

Question 76

The Industrial Conciliation Act was passed 1920.

Question 77

Wage flexibility is when wages are not responsive to economic and market conditions.

Question 78

Hunter-gatherers mainly acted as immediate consumers of food that was obtained through work.

Question 79

Labour market flexibility is the extent to which a labour market can adapt and adjust to external changes in the external environment.