Deck 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society.

Question 1

How did industrialization affect social life, city life, family life, and standards of living?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Please define the following key terms.
cotton industry

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Please define the following key terms.
coal

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How did technological advances lead to the advent of the factory system of manufacturing? Include some of the more important technological improvements in your answer, and state what changes they enabled.

Question 5

What were the goals of the Chartists? How successful were they in achieving these goals?

Question 6

Please define the following key terms.
agricultural revolution

Question 7

Please define the following key terms.
hand-loom weavers

Question 8

Please define the following key terms.
wrought iron

Question 9

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? What forces drove it? Explain.

Question 10

How did railroads accelerate the process of industrialization? Would industrialization have continued at a rapid pace if railroads developed more slowly?

Question 11

What were working conditions like for factory workers in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 12

Please define the following key terms.
canals

Question 13

Please define the following key terms.
Industrial Revolution

Question 14

Please define the following key terms.
pig iron

Question 15

What point were the British trying to make with the Great Exhibition of 1851?

Question 16

Please define the following key terms.
cottage industry

Question 17

What role did the middle classes play in the process of industrialization? How did the rise of industrialization influence the nature of social classes?

Question 18

Please define the following key terms.
James Hargreaves' spinning jenny

Question 19

How did the process of industrialization on the continent differ from the process of industrialization in Britain?

Question 20

What factors contributed to the industrialization of the United States in the nineteenth century?

Question 21

Please define the following key terms.
factory regulations

Question 22

Please define the following key terms.
industrial factory

Question 23

Please define the following key terms.
Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 24

Please define the following key terms.
George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 25

Please define the following key terms.
suburbs

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
charcoal

Question 27

Please define the following key terms.
railroads

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
interchangeable parts

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
the Great Famine

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
Edmund Cartwright

Question 31

Please define the following key terms.
James Watt and the steam engine

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
preindustrial workers

Question 33

Please define the following key terms.
the Crystal Palace

Question 34

Please define the following key terms.
the factory

Question 35

Please define the following key terms.
Richard Trevithick

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
puddling

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
Henry Cort

Question 38

Please define the following key terms.
steamboats

Question 39

Please define the following key terms.
Ireland and the potato

Question 40

Please define the following key terms.
India's cotton cloth production

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
Edwin Chadwick

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
the People's Charter

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
trade unions

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Samuel Smiles and Self-Help

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
bourgeoisie

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
capital

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
child labor

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
new industrial entrepreneurs

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.
the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
the London Working Men's Association

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
the workhouse

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.
Luddites

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
factory acts

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
working class

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
domestic servants

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
the Poor Law of 1834

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
Public Health Act

Question 61

For which invention, vital to the Industrial Revolution, is James Watt known?

A)The spinning jenny
B)The mule-powered Newcomen engine
C)A rotary steam engine that could drive factory machines
D)The first steam-powered locomotive
E)The power loom

Question 62

In which business segment did Britain's first step toward the Industrial Revolution occur?

A)Cotton textile industry
B)Wool textile industry
C)Iron industry
D)Railroad industry
E)Mining industry

Question 63

As Britain produced cotton quickly and cheaply with the aid of steam engines, which country could no longer compete?

A)India
B)America
C)France
D)Algeria
E)Russia

Question 64

Who invented the spinning jenny?

A)Richard Hargreaves
B)James Watts
C)Benjamin Franklin
D)Richard Arkwright
E)Matthew Boulton

Question 65

What did Richard Trevithick pioneer in 1804?

A)An oil-fired locomotive
B)The steering wheel for trains
C)The first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line
D)The first electric-powered locomotive for military use
E)The motion-picture camera

Question 66

By the late eighteenth century, Britain had

A)all but fully industrialized.
B)a declining population.
C)a ready supply of capital for investment in new enterprises.
D)a pressing desire to catch up to and surpass Prussia in the race to industrialize.
E)a fully democratic government in which all adult citizens could vote.

Question 67

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A)France
B)Belgium
C)Prussia
D)the United States
E)Great Britain

Question 68

The Great Exhibition of 1851 showcased

A)the solidarity of the working classes.
B)France's sophistication and cultural leadership.
C)Britain's wealth.
D)the rapid industrialization of the United States.
E)the ideas of social reformers.

Question 69

Upon which resource was Great Britain dependent for the success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution?

A)Timber
B)Coal
C)Water power
D)Electricity
E)Copper

Question 70

What allowed steam engines to be located away from rivers?

A)They were small and hence portable.
B)They could access water via irrigation channels.
C)They ran on coal.
D)They ran on oil.
E)They ran on electricity.

Question 71

What was true of Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century?

A)It could not keep up with French textile production.
B)It was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C)It declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D)It immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E)It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 72

Factory workers had to ____ if their employers' enterprises were to be profitable.

A)live at the factory
B)eat on the job
C)forego wages
D)work well past the age of seventy
E)do given tasks quickly, efficiently, and repeatedly

Question 73

The ____ revolution helped produce the first Industrial Revolution in Britain.

A)diplomatic
B)American
C)French
D)agricultural
E)urban

Question 74

British exports ____ between 1660 and 1760.

A)fell by 80 percent
B)increased ten-fold
C)fell by 50 percent
D)quadrupled
E)doubled

Question 75

In the new factory system, workers - many of whom were formerly agricultural laborers - had to adjust to

A)urban environments.
B)taking orders from a boss.
C)standing on their feet all day.
D)working specific, regular hours.
E)being cooped up indoors.

Question 76

By 1850, trains could reach speeds of ____ miles per hour.

A)50
B)20
C)125
D)80
E)170

Question 77

What was the name of the iron smelting process developed by Englishman Henry Cort?

A)Puddling
B)Cottling
C)Open hearth
D)Skimming
E)Corking

Question 78

Industrialization began in earnest on the European continent after

A)1870.
B)1735.
C)1750.
D)1850.
E)1815.

Question 79

In the early eighteenth century, new methods of smelting ____ were devised using coke that was made by slowly burning coal.

A)bronze
B)silver
C)tin
D)copper
E)iron

Question 80

How did the rise of the industrial factory system deeply affect the lives and status of workers?

A)They were often paid in kind.
B)They became wage laborers.
C)They were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D)They got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E)They became serfs, legally tied to factories.