Deck 2: The Planting of English America 1500-1733

Question 1

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Then I took my children (and one of my sisters hers)to go forth and leave the house: but,as soon as we came to the door and appeared,the Indians shot so thick that the bullets rattled against the house as if one had taken a handful of stones and threw them,so that we were forced to give back.We had six stout dogs belonging to our garrison,but none of them would stir,though at another time if an Indian had come to the door,they were ready to fly upon him and tear him down.The Lord hereby would make us the more to acknowledge his hand,and to see that our help is always in him.But out we must go,the fire increasing,and coming along behind us roaring,and the Indians gaping before us with their guns,spears,and hatchets to devour us.No sooner were we out of the house,but my brother-in-law (being before wounded in defending the house,in or near the throat)fell down dead,whereat the Indians scornfully shouted and hallowed,and were presently upon him,stripping off his clothes.The bullets flying thick,one went through my side,and the same (as would seem)through the bowels and hand of my poor child in my arms.One of my elder sister's children (named William)had then his leg broke,which the Indians perceiving they knocked him on the head."
From the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson,1682
The excerpt reflects which of the following historical trends?

A) British expansion in the American colonies created relatively hostile relationships with Native Americans.
B) Dutch traders used natives to exploit trade in the North America.
C) The French and Dutch often intermarried with Native Americans to secure trade relationships.
D) Cross racial sexual unions were popular among British colonists.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Be it enacted…That from and after [December 25,1733] there shall be raised,levied,collected and paid,unto and for the use of his Majesty…upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America…the sum of nine pence,money of Great Britain…for every gallon thereof,and after that for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture…"
The Molasses Act,May 17,1733
Which of the following historical trends is not reflected in the passage?

A) The growth of an Atlantic economy in the 17th century
B) The growth of autonomous political communities in the British colonies
C) British attempts to consolidate mercantilist policies and colonial control
D) Economic interactions between Europe, Africa, and the British colonies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Be it enacted…That from and after [December 25,1733] there shall be raised,levied,collected and paid,unto and for the use of his Majesty…upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America…the sum of nine pence,money of Great Britain…for every gallon thereof,and after that for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture…"
The Molasses Act,May 17,1733
The excerpt reflects which of the following historical trends from the period 1607-1754?

A) 17th century British mercantilist attempts to organize and manage colonial trade
B) British colonists' indifference to British attempts to organize and manage colonial trade
C) Colonial resistance to British attempts to organize and manage colonial trade
D) Evolving ideas of local governance in the British colonies

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Therefore…enacted…that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province,or the Islands,Ports,Harbors,Creekes,or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ,shall from henceforth bee any waies troubled,Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent…"
Maryland Toleration Act,April 21,1649
Which of the following was a result of trends like those seen in the excerpt?

A) Decreasing Anglicization of the American colonies
B) The development of colonies with distinct religious and ethnic differences
C) British control of colonial governments increased during this period
D) New ideas emerged that challenged the legality and morality of slavery

Question 5

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division,[LC-USZC4-5315]
Benjamin Franklin,Pennsylvania Gazette,May 9,1754
The picture was intended to

A) suggest that Native Americans were an immediate threat to the colonists.
B) unify the American colonies.
C) convince the British government to stop taxing the colonies.
D) advocate for violent revolution.

Question 6

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division,[LC-USZC4-5315]
Benjamin Franklin,Pennsylvania Gazette,May 9,1754
Which of the following represents a later example of the ideas highlighted in the drawing?

A) The Second Great Awakening
B) George Washington's Farewell Address
C) Thomas Paine's ideas as expressed in Common Sense
D) The Missouri Compromise

Question 7

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Then I took my children (and one of my sisters hers)to go forth and leave the house: but,as soon as we came to the door and appeared,the Indians shot so thick that the bullets rattled against the house as if one had taken a handful of stones and threw them,so that we were forced to give back.We had six stout dogs belonging to our garrison,but none of them would stir,though at another time if an Indian had come to the door,they were ready to fly upon him and tear him down.The Lord hereby would make us the more to acknowledge his hand,and to see that our help is always in him.But out we must go,the fire increasing,and coming along behind us roaring,and the Indians gaping before us with their guns,spears,and hatchets to devour us.No sooner were we out of the house,but my brother-in-law (being before wounded in defending the house,in or near the throat)fell down dead,whereat the Indians scornfully shouted and hallowed,and were presently upon him,stripping off his clothes.The bullets flying thick,one went through my side,and the same (as would seem)through the bowels and hand of my poor child in my arms.One of my elder sister's children (named William)had then his leg broke,which the Indians perceiving they knocked him on the head."
From the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson,1682
Which of the following evidence would best explain the events Rowlandson describes?

A) Images of colonial expressions of dissatisfaction with British government at this time
B) Modern scholarly comparisons of the culture of New England and the Chesapeake from this period
C) Tables illustrating the number of African slaves imported in the period
D) Maps demonstrating the increasing encroachment of Europeans on natives' land

Question 8

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Therefore…enacted…that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province,or the Islands,Ports,Harbors,Creekes,or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ,shall from henceforth bee any waies troubled,Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent…"
Maryland Toleration Act,April 21,1649
The legislation excerpted above reflects which of the following historical trends?

A) The middle colonies developed societies which were religiously homogenous.
B) The New England colonies were founded as a largely homogenous society.
C) Religious toleration existed in some, but not all, of the British colonies.
D) Religious toleration existed primarily in southern colonies.

Question 9

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Then I took my children (and one of my sisters hers)to go forth and leave the house: but,as soon as we came to the door and appeared,the Indians shot so thick that the bullets rattled against the house as if one had taken a handful of stones and threw them,so that we were forced to give back.We had six stout dogs belonging to our garrison,but none of them would stir,though at another time if an Indian had come to the door,they were ready to fly upon him and tear him down.The Lord hereby would make us the more to acknowledge his hand,and to see that our help is always in him.But out we must go,the fire increasing,and coming along behind us roaring,and the Indians gaping before us with their guns,spears,and hatchets to devour us.No sooner were we out of the house,but my brother-in-law (being before wounded in defending the house,in or near the throat)fell down dead,whereat the Indians scornfully shouted and hallowed,and were presently upon him,stripping off his clothes.The bullets flying thick,one went through my side,and the same (as would seem)through the bowels and hand of my poor child in my arms.One of my elder sister's children (named William)had then his leg broke,which the Indians perceiving they knocked him on the head."
From the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson,1682
The conditions described by Rowlandson were largely the result of

A) growing use of Native Americans as slaves in North America.
B) large numbers of British colonists attempting to acquire land in North America.
C) European subjugation of African slaves in the new world.
D) the development of distinctly different colonial societies.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Therefore…enacted…that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province,or the Islands,Ports,Harbors,Creekes,or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ,shall from henceforth bee any waies troubled,Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent…"
Maryland Toleration Act,April 21,1649
All of the following statements are true of the period in which the legislation was enacted except:

A) Increasing commerce from the colonies promoted a wide exchange of goods in the Atlantic community.
B) The colonies were operating relatively independently of the British government.
C) Protestant evangelism was a significant motivation for settlement of the British colonies.
D) Native American sovereignty was respected by the colonial governments and by the British government.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Run away from the Subscriber,the First of January,twelve Months past,a Negro Man,named Cato,who has since his Elopement changed his Name several times: Had on when he went away,a Pair of Buckskin Breeches,fine brown Linen Shirt…Underneath his right shoulder Blade he was branded in Jamaica when a Boy with the letters BC,which are plain to be seen…It is supposed he has a forged Pass."
Runaway slave notice,Pennsylvania Gazette,August 11,1757
One reason for the development of the labor system described above was

A) violent confrontations between colonists and the British government.
B) the declining interest in using African slaves for industrial work.
C) the abundance of indentured servants in the British colonies.
D) the abundance of land resources in the British colonies.

Question 12

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division,[LC-USZC4-5315]
Benjamin Franklin,Pennsylvania Gazette,May 9,1754
The ideas suggested by the drawing were largely the product of

A) territorial expansion in the American west.
B) Spanish and French acceptance of racial intermarriage.
C) the Pueblo Revolt.
D) half a century of salutary neglect by the British government.

Question 13

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Run away from the Subscriber,the First of January,twelve Months past,a Negro Man,named Cato,who has since his Elopement changed his Name several times: Had on when he went away,a Pair of Buckskin Breeches,fine brown Linen Shirt…Underneath his right shoulder Blade he was branded in Jamaica when a Boy with the letters BC,which are plain to be seen…It is supposed he has a forged Pass."
Runaway slave notice,Pennsylvania Gazette,August 11,1757
The use of slaves in the American colonies,as depicted in the excerpt,reflects which of the following historical trends?

A) The decline of interest in colonial goods
B) The inability of Europeans to enslave Native Americans
C) British belief in the inherent equality of all people
D) English acceptance of cross-racial sexual unions and intermarriage

Question 14

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Then I took my children (and one of my sisters hers)to go forth and leave the house: but,as soon as we came to the door and appeared,the Indians shot so thick that the bullets rattled against the house as if one had taken a handful of stones and threw them,so that we were forced to give back.We had six stout dogs belonging to our garrison,but none of them would stir,though at another time if an Indian had come to the door,they were ready to fly upon him and tear him down.The Lord hereby would make us the more to acknowledge his hand,and to see that our help is always in him.But out we must go,the fire increasing,and coming along behind us roaring,and the Indians gaping before us with their guns,spears,and hatchets to devour us.No sooner were we out of the house,but my brother-in-law (being before wounded in defending the house,in or near the throat)fell down dead,whereat the Indians scornfully shouted and hallowed,and were presently upon him,stripping off his clothes.The bullets flying thick,one went through my side,and the same (as would seem)through the bowels and hand of my poor child in my arms.One of my elder sister's children (named William)had then his leg broke,which the Indians perceiving they knocked him on the head."
From the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson,1682
As seen in the passage,Europeans and Native Americans fought for control of North America for all of the following reasons except

A) divergent goals and interests.
B) competition over natural resources.
C) favorable environmental conditions.
D) increased efforts by the British to settle new lands.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Be it enacted…That from and after [December 25,1733] there shall be raised,levied,collected and paid,unto and for the use of his Majesty…upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America…the sum of nine pence,money of Great Britain…for every gallon thereof,and after that for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture…"
The Molasses Act,May 17,1733
The taxes described in the excerpt were directly the result of

A) an accommodation of Native American culture by British colonists.
B) the promotion of Protestant evangelicalism throughout the colonies.
C) growing reliance on African slaves as a labor source in the Americas.
D) internal and external challenges and competition to the British empire.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division,[LC-USZC4-5315]
Benjamin Franklin,Pennsylvania Gazette,May 9,1754
Advocates who supported Franklin's position (as seen in the picture)would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives?

A) Colonial resistance to British imperial control came from the development of local, self-controlled governments.
B) Corruption in colonial governments (such as the House of Burgesses) caused resistance.
C) The political ideas of the Enlightenment had little to do with colonial resistance.
D) Colonists should not be required to follow British law because of cultural differences between England and its colonies.

Question 17

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Run away from the Subscriber,the First of January,twelve Months past,a Negro Man,named Cato,who has since his Elopement changed his Name several times: Had on when he went away,a Pair of Buckskin Breeches,fine brown Linen Shirt…Underneath his right shoulder Blade he was branded in Jamaica when a Boy with the letters BC,which are plain to be seen…It is supposed he has a forged Pass."
Runaway slave notice,Pennsylvania Gazette,August 11,1757
The runaway slave notice in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments of the 18?? century?

A) The development of varied ways for slaves to resist the dehumanizing aspects of slavery
B) The development of intensified competition for resources in the West Indies
C) The development of a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce in the north
D) The development of indentured servitude as a viable labor system

Question 18

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Therefore…enacted…that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province,or the Islands,Ports,Harbors,Creekes,or havens thereunto belonging professing to believe in Jesus Christ,shall from henceforth bee any waies troubled,Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this Province or the Islands thereunto belonging nor any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent…"
Maryland Toleration Act,April 21,1649
Which of the following was most likely a causal factor in the development of the kind of legislation seen in the excerpt?

A) The emergence of a trans-Atlantic print culture
B) Changes in gender roles in the middle colonies as women became politically active
C) The clash between European settlers and Native Americans
D) British efforts to restrain the colonies and impose imperial policies

Question 19

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Run away from the Subscriber,the First of January,twelve Months past,a Negro Man,named Cato,who has since his Elopement changed his Name several times: Had on when he went away,a Pair of Buckskin Breeches,fine brown Linen Shirt…Underneath his right shoulder Blade he was branded in Jamaica when a Boy with the letters BC,which are plain to be seen…It is supposed he has a forged Pass."
Runaway slave notice,Pennsylvania Gazette,August 11,1757
The excerpt most directly undermines which of the following assertions?

A) Colonists used slavery to exploit long growing seasons and favorable climates.
B) Slavery resulted in altered kinship relationships in the colonies.
C) Slaves were largely complacent and happy in their social status.
D) The British relied on slavery because of strongly held ideas of racial and cultural superiority.

Question 20

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Be it enacted…That from and after [December 25,1733] there shall be raised,levied,collected and paid,unto and for the use of his Majesty…upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America…the sum of nine pence,money of Great Britain…for every gallon thereof,and after that for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture…"
The Molasses Act,May 17,1733
The excerpt could best be used as evidence to support which of the following claims?

A) British colonists resisted the government's attempt to regulate trade in this period.
B) Mercantilism was an effective economic system in the 17th century.
C) The British government attempted to regulate colonial economics in the 17th century.
D) Salutary neglect led to the desire for American independence.

Question 21

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a Negro woman should be slave or free,be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand Assembly,that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother;and that if any Christian shall commit fornication with a Negro man or woman,he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act."
Virginia slave law,December 1662
The passage above reflects which of the following historical trends between 1607 and 1754?

A) The cultivation of labor-intensive products like cotton and tobacco demanded new labor sources in the British colonies.
B) New Englanders developed close-knit, homogenous communities of religious believers.
C) Slaves often developed covert means to resist slavery.
D) The lack of indentured servants led colonists to rely on African slavery.

Question 22

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event.The seventeenth-century history of modern New Mexico and northern Mexico is punctuated by unrest and rebellion.Many of the region's people had been conquered and none liked their situation,but they understood that though they greatly outnumbered the Spaniards,their foes were ruthless,organized,and determined.The Spanish possessed firearms and steel weapons superior to anything the Natives could muster.But despite all the odds against successful resistance,Spanish records show instance upon instance of plans and outbreaks among American Indians who supposedly had been "reduced" to Christianity and Spanish ways… If the purpose of the rebellion was simply to drive out Spanish ways,it failed,because the Spaniards came back and remained until Mexican independence in 1821.The Spanish were followed by two successor republics,Mexico and,ultimately,the United States.There could be no complete return to how Pueblo people had lived prior to the Spanish conquest.But if the rebels' purpose was to reassert their own ways in a new setting,their rebellion succeeded,because Acoma and places like it survive,on terms that their people set for themselves."
Historian Edward Countryman,"The Pueblo Revolt"
As seen in the passage,which of the following was a similarity between Spanish and British colonizers?

A) Neither Spain nor Britain attempted to change the native populations they encountered.
B) Spain and Britain often resorted to violence to control native populations.
C) Spain and Britain both largely incorporated native cultures into their lifestyles.
D) Neither Spain nor Britain had any interest in converting native populations.

Question 23

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation wherein,under the good providence and protection of God,the wealth,safety,and strength of this kingdom is so much concerned;(2)be it enacted by the king's most excellent Majesty,and by the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament assembled,and by the authority thereof,that from and after the first day of December,one thousand six hundred and sixty,and from thence forward,no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands,islands,plantations,or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession,or which may hereafter belong unto or be in the possession of his Majesty,his heirs,and successors,in Asia,Africa,or America,in any other ship or ships,vessel or vessels whatsoever,but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland,dominion of Wales or town of Berwick upon Tweed,or are of the built of and belonging to any the said lands,islands,plantations,or territories,as the proprietors and right owners thereof,and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English."
The Navigation Act of September 13,1660
Which of the following was most likely a causal factor in the development of the kind of legislation seen in the excerpt?

A) Conflicts between European nations led to increasing economic and political regulation of the British colonies.
B) Settlers on the frontier had different goals and expectations than settlers on the eastern seaboard.
C) Competition for labor sources led to growing mistrust among Europeans and colonists.
D) British interest in acquiring trade goods declined in this period.

Question 24

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation wherein,under the good providence and protection of God,the wealth,safety,and strength of this kingdom is so much concerned;(2)be it enacted by the king's most excellent Majesty,and by the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament assembled,and by the authority thereof,that from and after the first day of December,one thousand six hundred and sixty,and from thence forward,no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands,islands,plantations,or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession,or which may hereafter belong unto or be in the possession of his Majesty,his heirs,and successors,in Asia,Africa,or America,in any other ship or ships,vessel or vessels whatsoever,but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland,dominion of Wales or town of Berwick upon Tweed,or are of the built of and belonging to any the said lands,islands,plantations,or territories,as the proprietors and right owners thereof,and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English."
The Navigation Act of September 13,1660
All of the following were true of the period when this legislation was passed,except:

A) The British had largely disregarded the colonies because of internal challenges in England during the 17th century.
B) The colonies had developed their own local systems of governance within the British system.
C) The British government was attempting to integrate its colonies into a hierarchical structure.
D) The colonies had not developed any local forms of governance whatsoever.

Question 25

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a Negro woman should be slave or free,be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand Assembly,that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother;and that if any Christian shall commit fornication with a Negro man or woman,he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act."
Virginia slave law,December 1662
The British system of slavery was different from the Spanish and French systems because

A) the British embraced the idea of numerous racial gradations.
B) the British used strict racial categories.
C) the Spanish and French did not legally sanction slavery.
D) French and Spanish colonists relied exclusively on Native Americans as slaves.

Question 26

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event.The seventeenth-century history of modern New Mexico and northern Mexico is punctuated by unrest and rebellion.Many of the region's people had been conquered and none liked their situation,but they understood that though they greatly outnumbered the Spaniards,their foes were ruthless,organized,and determined.The Spanish possessed firearms and steel weapons superior to anything the Natives could muster.But despite all the odds against successful resistance,Spanish records show instance upon instance of plans and outbreaks among American Indians who supposedly had been "reduced" to Christianity and Spanish ways… If the purpose of the rebellion was simply to drive out Spanish ways,it failed,because the Spaniards came back and remained until Mexican independence in 1821.The Spanish were followed by two successor republics,Mexico and,ultimately,the United States.There could be no complete return to how Pueblo people had lived prior to the Spanish conquest.But if the rebels' purpose was to reassert their own ways in a new setting,their rebellion succeeded,because Acoma and places like it survive,on terms that their people set for themselves."
Historian Edward Countryman,"The Pueblo Revolt"
The passage supports which of the following historical trends?

A) The Spanish were forced by the Pueblo Revolt to accommodate some aspects of native culture.
B) Spanish colonizing efforts in the new world failed because the United States ultimately gained control of the southwest.
C) British conflicts with natives declined as a result of the Pueblo Revolt.
D) Economic growth in the southwest was stagnant because of native resistance.

Question 27

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Wee must be knitt together in this worke as one man,wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion… wee must delight in eache other,make others Condicions our owne rejoyce together,mourne together,labour,and suffer together… soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with,wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us,when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies,when hee shall make us a prayse and glory,that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill,the eies of all people are uppon us;soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us,wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world,wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake."
John Winthrop,A Model of Christian Charity,1630
John Winthrop's speech reflects which of the following trends?

A) The Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay Colony were mostly like-minded
B) Enlightenment notions of the importance of science and reason
C) Competition between European nations over natural resources in the new world
D) Increasing hostility with Native Americans in New England

Question 28

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event.The seventeenth-century history of modern New Mexico and northern Mexico is punctuated by unrest and rebellion.Many of the region's people had been conquered and none liked their situation,but they understood that though they greatly outnumbered the Spaniards,their foes were ruthless,organized,and determined.The Spanish possessed firearms and steel weapons superior to anything the Natives could muster.But despite all the odds against successful resistance,Spanish records show instance upon instance of plans and outbreaks among American Indians who supposedly had been "reduced" to Christianity and Spanish ways… If the purpose of the rebellion was simply to drive out Spanish ways,it failed,because the Spaniards came back and remained until Mexican independence in 1821.The Spanish were followed by two successor republics,Mexico and,ultimately,the United States.There could be no complete return to how Pueblo people had lived prior to the Spanish conquest.But if the rebels' purpose was to reassert their own ways in a new setting,their rebellion succeeded,because Acoma and places like it survive,on terms that their people set for themselves."
Historian Edward Countryman,"The Pueblo Revolt"
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a reaction to which of the following?

A) Complete assimilation of Native Americans into European culture
B) European disinterest in converting natives to Christianity
C) The introduction of the encomienda and repartimiento systems
D) The introduction of slave labor into the Americas

Question 29

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a Negro woman should be slave or free,be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand Assembly,that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother;and that if any Christian shall commit fornication with a Negro man or woman,he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act."
Virginia slave law,December 1662
The labor system discussed in the passage grew in part as a result of

A) strict government intervention in the economy.
B) racial equality.
C) economic recession and stagnation.
D) favorable climate and long growing seasons.

Question 30

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"We thought it our duty ...to set forth in this our Declaration,the true state and condition of this country in general and our particular ...disabilit[y] to ...[engage in] war at the time of this invasion [by the Dutch]....[We] therefore do most humbly beseech your majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them.For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides Negroes).as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against the Indians]....This gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in,while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders.Also at least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will hardly maintain them)or men in such debt,...[Whom] we may reasonably expect upon any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us,...[to defect] to them in hopes of bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them."
Governor Berkeley and His Council,Report on their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack,December 1673
The passage reflects which of the following historical trends?

A) Growing dissatisfaction over territorial defense against Native Americans on the colonial frontier
B) Growing concern among colonists over the morality of slavery
C) Increasing reliance on indentured servitude in the Chesapeake region
D) Growing indifference among British colonists about threats from European nations in the new world

Question 31

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a Negro woman should be slave or free,be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand Assembly,that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother;and that if any Christian shall commit fornication with a Negro man or woman,he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act."
Virginia slave law,December 1662
Which of the following was not a causal factor in the development of slavery in the British colonies?

A) The abundance of arable land in North America
B) The shortage of indentured servants towards the end of the 17th century
C) Decreasing European demand for colonial goods
D) The inability of Europeans to enslave Native Americans

Question 32

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"We thought it our duty ...to set forth in this our Declaration,the true state and condition of this country in general and our particular ...disabilit[y] to ...[engage in] war at the time of this invasion [by the Dutch]....[We] therefore do most humbly beseech your majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them.For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides Negroes).as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against the Indians]....This gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in,while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders.Also at least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will hardly maintain them)or men in such debt,...[Whom] we may reasonably expect upon any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us,...[to defect] to them in hopes of bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them."
Governor Berkeley and His Council,Report on their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack,December 1673
Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the claims made in the passage?

A) Archaeological evidence of racial intermarriage on a Virginia plantation
B) Bills of sale recording the purchase of African slaves in this period
C) Ethnic data showing the presence of Catholics and Anglicans in Virginia
D) Census figures detailing the number of residents in the Virginia colony at this time

Question 33

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"We thought it our duty ...to set forth in this our Declaration,the true state and condition of this country in general and our particular ...disabilit[y] to ...[engage in] war at the time of this invasion [by the Dutch]....[We] therefore do most humbly beseech your majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them.For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides Negroes).as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against the Indians]....This gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in,while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders.Also at least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will hardly maintain them)or men in such debt,...[Whom] we may reasonably expect upon any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us,...[to defect] to them in hopes of bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them."
Governor Berkeley and His Council,Report on their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack,December 1673
Which of the following represents a later example of the ideas highlighted in the passage?

A) The intensity and frequency of Native American warfare decreased in the period before the French and Indian War.
B) The intensity and frequency of Native American warfare increased in the period before the French and Indian War.
C) Large numbers of colonists refused to defend their land from Indian attacks.
D) The African slave trade was largely ended by the time of the French and Indian War.

Question 34

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Wee must be knitt together in this worke as one man,wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion… wee must delight in eache other,make others Condicions our owne rejoyce together,mourne together,labour,and suffer together… soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with,wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us,when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies,when hee shall make us a prayse and glory,that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill,the eies of all people are uppon us;soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us,wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world,wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake."
John Winthrop,A Model of Christian Charity,1630
The passage reinforces the idea that the New England colonies were largely

A) based on a single, labor-intensive crop.
B) homogenous, tightly-knit colonies.
C) heterogeneous, loosely connected colonies.
D) aided by favorable environmental conditions.

Question 35

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event.The seventeenth-century history of modern New Mexico and northern Mexico is punctuated by unrest and rebellion.Many of the region's people had been conquered and none liked their situation,but they understood that though they greatly outnumbered the Spaniards,their foes were ruthless,organized,and determined.The Spanish possessed firearms and steel weapons superior to anything the Natives could muster.But despite all the odds against successful resistance,Spanish records show instance upon instance of plans and outbreaks among American Indians who supposedly had been "reduced" to Christianity and Spanish ways… If the purpose of the rebellion was simply to drive out Spanish ways,it failed,because the Spaniards came back and remained until Mexican independence in 1821.The Spanish were followed by two successor republics,Mexico and,ultimately,the United States.There could be no complete return to how Pueblo people had lived prior to the Spanish conquest.But if the rebels' purpose was to reassert their own ways in a new setting,their rebellion succeeded,because Acoma and places like it survive,on terms that their people set for themselves."
Historian Edward Countryman,"The Pueblo Revolt"
The passage by Countryman challenges which of the following ideas?

A) Intercultural contact was frequent and sometimes violent.
B) Clashes between Natives and Europeans produced changes to both cultures.
C) Spain was forced to accept some cultural accommodation after native revolts.
D) Native Americans passively accepted conquest of Europeans during the colonial period.

Question 36

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Wee must be knitt together in this worke as one man,wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion… wee must delight in eache other,make others Condicions our owne rejoyce together,mourne together,labour,and suffer together… soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with,wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us,when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies,when hee shall make us a prayse and glory,that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill,the eies of all people are uppon us;soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us,wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world,wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake."
John Winthrop,A Model of Christian Charity,1630
Winthrop's ideas on Puritan settlement were largely based on which of the following?

A) The prohibition of slavery in New England in this period
B) Fears of Spanish territorial settlement in New England
C) The idea that the Massachusetts Bay Colony was a colony of religious believers
D) The ethnic diversity of colonists in New England

Question 37

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation wherein,under the good providence and protection of God,the wealth,safety,and strength of this kingdom is so much concerned;(2)be it enacted by the king's most excellent Majesty,and by the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament assembled,and by the authority thereof,that from and after the first day of December,one thousand six hundred and sixty,and from thence forward,no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands,islands,plantations,or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession,or which may hereafter belong unto or be in the possession of his Majesty,his heirs,and successors,in Asia,Africa,or America,in any other ship or ships,vessel or vessels whatsoever,but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland,dominion of Wales or town of Berwick upon Tweed,or are of the built of and belonging to any the said lands,islands,plantations,or territories,as the proprietors and right owners thereof,and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English."
The Navigation Act of September 13,1660
The legislation excerpted above reflects which of the following trends?

A) Colonial attempts to bypass British legislation
B) British attempts to develop regional differences in the colonies
C) Limited British attempts to regulate colonial economics
D) British attempts to appease colonists after numerous civil insurrections

Question 38

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Wee must be knitt together in this worke as one man,wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion… wee must delight in eache other,make others Condicions our owne rejoyce together,mourne together,labour,and suffer together… soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with,wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us,when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies,when hee shall make us a prayse and glory,that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill,the eies of all people are uppon us;soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us,wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world,wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake."
John Winthrop,A Model of Christian Charity,1630
Which of the following represents a later example of the ideas highlighted in the passage?

A) The opening of the Louisiana Territory after it was purchased from France
B) Support of farmers during the Industrial Revolution
C) The Populist movement of the 19th century
D) The religious revivals of the 18th and 19th centuries

Question 39

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"We thought it our duty ...to set forth in this our Declaration,the true state and condition of this country in general and our particular ...disabilit[y] to ...[engage in] war at the time of this invasion [by the Dutch]....[We] therefore do most humbly beseech your majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them.For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides Negroes).as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against the Indians]....This gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in,while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders.Also at least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will hardly maintain them)or men in such debt,...[Whom] we may reasonably expect upon any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us,...[to defect] to them in hopes of bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them."
Governor Berkeley and His Council,Report on their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack,December 1673
One reason for the increasing conflict noted by Berkeley was that

A) the increase of Enlightenment thought and religious toleration led to increased rebellion.
B) slave rebellion could not be controlled in the British colonies.
C) Europeans traded alcohol and weapons with Native Americans.
D) Europeans respected Native American political sovereignty.

Question 40

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation wherein,under the good providence and protection of God,the wealth,safety,and strength of this kingdom is so much concerned;(2)be it enacted by the king's most excellent Majesty,and by the Lords and Commons in this present Parliament assembled,and by the authority thereof,that from and after the first day of December,one thousand six hundred and sixty,and from thence forward,no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands,islands,plantations,or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession,or which may hereafter belong unto or be in the possession of his Majesty,his heirs,and successors,in Asia,Africa,or America,in any other ship or ships,vessel or vessels whatsoever,but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland,dominion of Wales or town of Berwick upon Tweed,or are of the built of and belonging to any the said lands,islands,plantations,or territories,as the proprietors and right owners thereof,and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English."
The Navigation Act of September 13,1660
Which of the following was an immediate result of the kind of legislation seen in the excerpt?

A) The British ruthlessly enforced punitive legislation.
B) Colonists expressed open dissatisfaction with British policies.
C) Colonists acquiesced to British demands for compliance.
D) Colonists shifted their economic systems from agriculture to industry.

Question 41

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Identify and briefly explain ONE positive result of European competition in North America for commodities (trade goods)between 1607 and 1754.
b)Identify and briefly explain ONE negative result of European competition in North America for commodities between 1607 and 1754.
c)Identify and briefly explain ONE factor that caused European competition for commodities in North America during this period.

Question 42

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Analyze the ways in which American Indian and English colonists maneuvered and fought for control of North America in the period from 1607 to 1754.

Question 43

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)The British and Spanish systems of slavery were in some ways similar and in some ways different.Briefly explain ONE important difference between the two systems in the period 1607-1754.
b)Briefly explain ONE important similarity of the two systems.
c)Briefly explain ONE way in which slavery changed in the period between 1607 and 1754.

Question 44

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"In order to become literate,seventeenth-century Indians had first to make a graduated succession of cultural concessions-adopting English ways and English dress,living in towns,learning to speak English,converting to Christianity.But these very concessions made them vulnerable.Neither English nor Indian,assimilated Indians were scorned by both groups,and they were even subject to attack.Because the acquisition of literacy,and especially English-language literacy,was one of the last steps on the road to assimilation,Indians who could read and write placed themselves in a particularly perilous,if at the same time a powerful,position,caught between two worlds but fully accepted by neither."
Historian Jill Lepore,"Dead Men Tell No Tales: John Sassamon and the Fatal Consequences of Literacy"
The passage would be most useful as a source of analysis about which of the following?

A) The significance of trade relationships in the British colonies
B) The difficult life of both colonists and natives in the 17th century
C) Differences in gender in colonial society
D) The importance of a trans-Atlantic print culture in the 17th century

Question 45

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
In what ways,and to what extent,did religion shape American culture in the period from 1607-1754?

Question 46

Using your knowledge of United States history,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Regional differences arose in the British colonies to produce distinctly different colonial experiences.Several factors contributed to these regional distinctions:
- Environmental and geographical variations
- Religious influences
- Labor systems
Briefly explain why ONE of the factors above represents the MOST IMPORTANT factor in shaping regionalization.Provide ONE piece of evidence to support your claim.
b)Briefly explain why one of the other factors is not as persuasive as the one you chose.
c)Briefly identify and explain another factor (not listed)which contributed to regional differences.

Question 47

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
To what extent did imperial goals of the French and British impact patterns of colonization in the period from 1607 to 1754?

Question 48

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Several factors contributed to the Anglicization of the British colonies in the period 1607-1754.These include:
-The growth of local political communities
-The spread of Protestant evangelism
-The diffusion of Enlightenment ideas
Briefly explain why ONE of the factors above represents the MOST IMPORTANT factor in shaping Anglicization.
b)Briefly explain why one of the other factors is NOT as persuasive as the one you chose.
c)Briefly identify and explain another factor (not listed)which contributed to the development of Anglicization.

Question 49

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Friday Night last a Sloop from St.Anguilla,came to Anchor in Nantasket Road . . .The said Master further informs us,that while he lay at Anguilla a Bermudas Sloop arrived there from St.John's,the Master of which informed him,that the Number of Whites destroyed by the Negroes of that Island did not exceed 60,some having found Means to escape their Fury.That they kill'd all the Men and aged Women,that they could lay their Hands on,and debauched the young Women,and that they kept Possession of the Island and Fort for 8 Days,when a Number of Whites and Negroes came from St.Thomas's and attack'd the Fort,which they took after a stout Resistance;and among the rest,had the good Luck to take the Ringleader or Captain of the Black Gentry,whom they flea'd alive,and tortured several others of them to Death.Upon this Defeat,most of the Negroes that were scattered about upon the Island,took all the Canoes and other small Craft they could find,and quitted the Place,and 'tis thought they are gone to Cape Fransway,&c.This Rising of the Negroes at St.John's,has so alarmed our Islands,that they keep 30 or 40 Men every Night upon the Watch upon each Island,to prevent a Surprize.'Tis further said,that all the Islands in the West Indies are under Apprehensions of a War. . ."
John P.Zenger,New-York Weekly Journal,March 11,1733
All of the following were true of the period described in the passage,except that

A) the use of indentured servants as laborers was declining.
B) New England relied on large-scale agriculture.
C) slaves disrupted kinship relationships in the colonies.
D) the Atlantic slave trade was flourishing.

Question 50

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Some historians have argued that environmental and geographic variations contributed most to regional development of the British colonies.Support,modify,or refute this interpretation,providing specific evidence to justify your answer.

Question 51

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Friday Night last a Sloop from St.Anguilla,came to Anchor in Nantasket Road . . .The said Master further informs us,that while he lay at Anguilla a Bermudas Sloop arrived there from St.John's,the Master of which informed him,that the Number of Whites destroyed by the Negroes of that Island did not exceed 60,some having found Means to escape their Fury.That they kill'd all the Men and aged Women,that they could lay their Hands on,and debauched the young Women,and that they kept Possession of the Island and Fort for 8 Days,when a Number of Whites and Negroes came from St.Thomas's and attack'd the Fort,which they took after a stout Resistance;and among the rest,had the good Luck to take the Ringleader or Captain of the Black Gentry,whom they flea'd alive,and tortured several others of them to Death.Upon this Defeat,most of the Negroes that were scattered about upon the Island,took all the Canoes and other small Craft they could find,and quitted the Place,and 'tis thought they are gone to Cape Fransway,&c.This Rising of the Negroes at St.John's,has so alarmed our Islands,that they keep 30 or 40 Men every Night upon the Watch upon each Island,to prevent a Surprize.'Tis further said,that all the Islands in the West Indies are under Apprehensions of a War. . ."
John P.Zenger,New-York Weekly Journal,March 11,1733
The excerpt reflects which of the following historical patterns from 1607-1754?

A) In some colonies in the West Indies, slaves outnumbered whites.
B) Whites did not fear slave revolts in the Americas.
C) The British had little sense of racial superiority over Africans in the colonial period.
D) Shipping and industry dominated southern colonial economics.

Question 52

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"In order to become literate,seventeenth-century Indians had first to make a graduated succession of cultural concessions-adopting English ways and English dress,living in towns,learning to speak English,converting to Christianity.But these very concessions made them vulnerable.Neither English nor Indian,assimilated Indians were scorned by both groups,and they were even subject to attack.Because the acquisition of literacy,and especially English-language literacy,was one of the last steps on the road to assimilation,Indians who could read and write placed themselves in a particularly perilous,if at the same time a powerful,position,caught between two worlds but fully accepted by neither."
Historian Jill Lepore,"Dead Men Tell No Tales: John Sassamon and the Fatal Consequences of Literacy"
Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support Lepore's ideas of cultural interaction as seen in this passage?

A) 17th and 18th century portraits of natives who lived in and around European communities
B) Ship inventories of trade goods entering American ports in this period
C) Diaries of British colonists describing household chores of the era
D) Census data indicating the number of Native Americans living in the British colonies

Question 53

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"In order to become literate,seventeenth-century Indians had first to make a graduated succession of cultural concessions-adopting English ways and English dress,living in towns,learning to speak English,converting to Christianity.But these very concessions made them vulnerable.Neither English nor Indian,assimilated Indians were scorned by both groups,and they were even subject to attack.Because the acquisition of literacy,and especially English-language literacy,was one of the last steps on the road to assimilation,Indians who could read and write placed themselves in a particularly perilous,if at the same time a powerful,position,caught between two worlds but fully accepted by neither."
Historian Jill Lepore,"Dead Men Tell No Tales: John Sassamon and the Fatal Consequences of Literacy"
Which of the following historical trends led to the kinds of problems described in the passage?

A) The hierarchical structure of British culture
B) Salutary neglect of the colonies by Britain
C) Increased trade between Europeans and Native Americans
D) The presence of slavery in the colonies