Deck 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Deck 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
1
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Calls for reform such as the one in the passage would lead to
A) conflict between urban and rural interests.
B) calls for federal regulation of the environment.
C) the expansion of New Deal reforms.
D) official restrictions on freedom of speech.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Calls for reform such as the one in the passage would lead to
A) conflict between urban and rural interests.
B) calls for federal regulation of the environment.
C) the expansion of New Deal reforms.
D) official restrictions on freedom of speech.
C
2
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
The passage above is most clearly an example of which of the following trends?
A) The consolidation of corporate power into trusts
B) The growth of nativist and discriminatory political practices
C) The expansion of the democratic process
D) The rise of journalists cooperating with reformers to call for change
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
The passage above is most clearly an example of which of the following trends?
A) The consolidation of corporate power into trusts
B) The growth of nativist and discriminatory political practices
C) The expansion of the democratic process
D) The rise of journalists cooperating with reformers to call for change
D
3
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Statements such as this one reflected the concerns of some Americans that
A) the financial regulatory system needed to be strengthened significantly.
B) the Democratic Party had gone too far to advance the interests of the working class.
C) the federal government's reform efforts were not extensive enough to address the crisis.
D) corporations had too much power in national politics.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Statements such as this one reflected the concerns of some Americans that
A) the financial regulatory system needed to be strengthened significantly.
B) the Democratic Party had gone too far to advance the interests of the working class.
C) the federal government's reform efforts were not extensive enough to address the crisis.
D) corporations had too much power in national politics.
C
4
The following questions refer to the image below.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
Which of the following details best distinguishes the factory depicted above from one that existed before the Civil War?
A) Its focus on consumer goods
B) Its employment of women
C) Its lack of industrial technology
D) Its freedom from government oversight
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
Which of the following details best distinguishes the factory depicted above from one that existed before the Civil War?
A) Its focus on consumer goods
B) Its employment of women
C) Its lack of industrial technology
D) Its freedom from government oversight
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5
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following best explains the response of reformers to the political conditions described in the passage?
A) They began to support candidates of the Democratic Party.
B) They scaled back their efforts at reform at the local level.
C) They called for the expansion of democracy.
D) They offered alternate, utopian visions for society.
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following best explains the response of reformers to the political conditions described in the passage?
A) They began to support candidates of the Democratic Party.
B) They scaled back their efforts at reform at the local level.
C) They called for the expansion of democracy.
D) They offered alternate, utopian visions for society.
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6
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following methods did reformers like Lincoln Steffens use to accomplish their goals?
A) Organizing labor unions to oppose business interests
B) Creating new organizations to address the problems they saw
C) Calling for restricted immigration to reduce corruption
D) Campaigning against further government intervention in the people's lives
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following methods did reformers like Lincoln Steffens use to accomplish their goals?
A) Organizing labor unions to oppose business interests
B) Creating new organizations to address the problems they saw
C) Calling for restricted immigration to reduce corruption
D) Campaigning against further government intervention in the people's lives
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7
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
Despite the problems highlighted by the author,which of the following characteristics of the twentieth century helped to unite the groups described in the passage?
A) The easing of the nation's immigration policy
B) The support of Progressive reformers
C) The widespread availability of consumer goods
D) The nature of industrial work in the modernizing economy
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
Despite the problems highlighted by the author,which of the following characteristics of the twentieth century helped to unite the groups described in the passage?
A) The easing of the nation's immigration policy
B) The support of Progressive reformers
C) The widespread availability of consumer goods
D) The nature of industrial work in the modernizing economy
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8
The following questions refer to the image below.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
The presence of factories such as this one would
A) undermine the growth of the U.S. economy.
B) cause the expansion of the nation's agricultural sector.
C) encourage immigration and internal migration to the nation's cities.
D) lead to calls for reforms of the nation's economic system.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
The presence of factories such as this one would
A) undermine the growth of the U.S. economy.
B) cause the expansion of the nation's agricultural sector.
C) encourage immigration and internal migration to the nation's cities.
D) lead to calls for reforms of the nation's economic system.
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9
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
Unionization efforts in the period from 1900 to 1920
A) were met with hostility and led to attacks on those perceived as radical.
B) vastly improved standards of living for workers.
C) served to unite the objectives of business owners and their workers.
D) influenced the nation's decision to enter World War I.
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
Unionization efforts in the period from 1900 to 1920
A) were met with hostility and led to attacks on those perceived as radical.
B) vastly improved standards of living for workers.
C) served to unite the objectives of business owners and their workers.
D) influenced the nation's decision to enter World War I.
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10
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
The nation's labor force would be made increasingly diverse in the early twentieth century as a result of
A) an influx of immigrants primarily from Western Europe.
B) the migration of African-Americans Northward in search of work.
C) national support for the growth of labor unions.
D) widespread condemnation of isolationist policies in the 1920s.
"As a group,workers faced severe limitations on their political influence. The conservative nature of the major parties,institutional discrimination against third parties,and ethnic divisions that made some workingmen Democrats and others Republicans all placed obstacles in front of even those most empowered workers,the white men possessing citizenship. Far more striking was the way America's political system victimized female…and African-American workers through disenfranchisement… These barriers extinguished any possibility that American workers could become a united political force during the Gilded Age."
Julie Green,Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism,
1881-1917,1998
The nation's labor force would be made increasingly diverse in the early twentieth century as a result of
A) an influx of immigrants primarily from Western Europe.
B) the migration of African-Americans Northward in search of work.
C) national support for the growth of labor unions.
D) widespread condemnation of isolationist policies in the 1920s.
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11
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
Which of the following contributed most directly to the crisis described in the passage?
A) Radical new economic policies
B) Rapid expansion of industry
C) A decline in the production of consumer goods
D) American involvement in foreign conflicts
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
Which of the following contributed most directly to the crisis described in the passage?
A) Radical new economic policies
B) Rapid expansion of industry
C) A decline in the production of consumer goods
D) American involvement in foreign conflicts
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12
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Which of the following events prompted the reforms called for in this passage by Huey Long?
A) The Gilded Age
B) The rise of segregation
C) The Red Scare
D) The Great Depression
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
Which of the following events prompted the reforms called for in this passage by Huey Long?
A) The Gilded Age
B) The rise of segregation
C) The Red Scare
D) The Great Depression
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13
The following questions refer to the image below.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
What impact did factories like the one pictured above have on women in the United States?
A) Factories provided new economic opportunities for women.
B) Factory wages impoverished women workers.
C) Factory work led directly to women's suffrage.
D) Factories propelled women into public leadership.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
What impact did factories like the one pictured above have on women in the United States?
A) Factories provided new economic opportunities for women.
B) Factory wages impoverished women workers.
C) Factory work led directly to women's suffrage.
D) Factories propelled women into public leadership.
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14
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
The popularity of the message delivered by Huey Long reveals that many Americans believed the government's first responsibility was to protect
A) the equal rights of African-Americans.
B) the free market.
C) the financial security of the people.
D) the Constitutional limitations of government power.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
The popularity of the message delivered by Huey Long reveals that many Americans believed the government's first responsibility was to protect
A) the equal rights of African-Americans.
B) the free market.
C) the financial security of the people.
D) the Constitutional limitations of government power.
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15
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is not alone members of Congress that the war party in this country has sought to intimidate. The mandate seems to have gone forth to the sovereign people of this country that they must be silent while those things are being done by their government which most vitally concern their well-being… It appears to be the purpose of those conducting this campaign to throw the country into a state of terror,to coerce public opinion,to stifle criticism,and suppress discussion of the great issues involved in this war. I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But…more than all,the citizen and his representative in Congress in time of war must maintain his right of free speech…to discuss in an orderly way frankly and publicly and without fear…every important phase of this war;its causes,the manner in which it should be conducted,and the terms upon which peace should be made."
Senator Robert M.LaFollette,speech before the Senate,"Free Speech in Wartime",October 6,1917
The tensions that led to the policies described in the passage would,following the conclusion of World War I,lead to laws that
A) organized social welfare programs for the less fortunate.
B) permanently changed the nation's understanding of the First Amendment.
C) placed extraordinary restrictions on immigration to the United States.
D) strengthened ties between the United States military and the nation's industrial leaders.
"It is not alone members of Congress that the war party in this country has sought to intimidate. The mandate seems to have gone forth to the sovereign people of this country that they must be silent while those things are being done by their government which most vitally concern their well-being… It appears to be the purpose of those conducting this campaign to throw the country into a state of terror,to coerce public opinion,to stifle criticism,and suppress discussion of the great issues involved in this war. I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But…more than all,the citizen and his representative in Congress in time of war must maintain his right of free speech…to discuss in an orderly way frankly and publicly and without fear…every important phase of this war;its causes,the manner in which it should be conducted,and the terms upon which peace should be made."
Senator Robert M.LaFollette,speech before the Senate,"Free Speech in Wartime",October 6,1917
The tensions that led to the policies described in the passage would,following the conclusion of World War I,lead to laws that
A) organized social welfare programs for the less fortunate.
B) permanently changed the nation's understanding of the First Amendment.
C) placed extraordinary restrictions on immigration to the United States.
D) strengthened ties between the United States military and the nation's industrial leaders.
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16
The following questions refer to the image below.
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
Which of the following best explains the large numbers of women pictured above?
A) The success of the Progressive movement
B) A decline in the influence of corporations
C) The decline of urban centers
D) Industrial desires for cheap labor
Interior of a Shoe Factory,circa 1908
Which of the following best explains the large numbers of women pictured above?
A) The success of the Progressive movement
B) A decline in the influence of corporations
C) The decline of urban centers
D) Industrial desires for cheap labor
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17
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is not alone members of Congress that the war party in this country has sought to intimidate. The mandate seems to have gone forth to the sovereign people of this country that they must be silent while those things are being done by their government which most vitally concern their well-being… It appears to be the purpose of those conducting this campaign to throw the country into a state of terror,to coerce public opinion,to stifle criticism,and suppress discussion of the great issues involved in this war. I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But…more than all,the citizen and his representative in Congress in time of war must maintain his right of free speech…to discuss in an orderly way frankly and publicly and without fear…every important phase of this war;its causes,the manner in which it should be conducted,and the terms upon which peace should be made."
Senator Robert M.LaFollette,speech before the Senate,"Free Speech in Wartime",October 6,1917
The passage reveals a strong tension in the United States between the ideals of
A) Liberty and Security.
B) Equality and Prosperity.
C) Individualism and Unity.
D) Dissent and Consensus.
"It is not alone members of Congress that the war party in this country has sought to intimidate. The mandate seems to have gone forth to the sovereign people of this country that they must be silent while those things are being done by their government which most vitally concern their well-being… It appears to be the purpose of those conducting this campaign to throw the country into a state of terror,to coerce public opinion,to stifle criticism,and suppress discussion of the great issues involved in this war. I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But…more than all,the citizen and his representative in Congress in time of war must maintain his right of free speech…to discuss in an orderly way frankly and publicly and without fear…every important phase of this war;its causes,the manner in which it should be conducted,and the terms upon which peace should be made."
Senator Robert M.LaFollette,speech before the Senate,"Free Speech in Wartime",October 6,1917
The passage reveals a strong tension in the United States between the ideals of
A) Liberty and Security.
B) Equality and Prosperity.
C) Individualism and Unity.
D) Dissent and Consensus.
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18
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
The events described in the passage above would lead to
A) a stronger financial regulatory system.
B) calls for government intervention in business practices.
C) increased support for unionization.
D) mass migration away from industrial regions.
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
The events described in the passage above would lead to
A) a stronger financial regulatory system.
B) calls for government intervention in business practices.
C) increased support for unionization.
D) mass migration away from industrial regions.
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19
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following best describes the cause of the problems that Steffens identifies,as seen by reformers like him?
A) The growth of corporate power
B) The expansion of opportunities for women and immigrants
C) The economic instability of the American system
D) The increasing integration of the United States into the global economy
"Give us a business man [to] introduce business methods into politics and government"… yet politics remains corrupt… The commercial spirit is the spirit of profit,not patriotism;of credit,not honor;of individual gain,not national prosperity;of trade and dickering,not principle… "Business is business" is not a political sentiment,but our politician has caught it. He takes essentially the same view of the bribe… But there is hope…in the commercialism of our politics. If our political leaders are to be always a lot of political merchants,they will supply any demand we may create. All we have to do is to establish a steady demand for good government."
Lincoln Steffens,The Shame of the Cities,1904
Which of the following best describes the cause of the problems that Steffens identifies,as seen by reformers like him?
A) The growth of corporate power
B) The expansion of opportunities for women and immigrants
C) The economic instability of the American system
D) The increasing integration of the United States into the global economy
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20
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
A member of which of the following groups would most likely agree with the tone taken in this excerpt?
A) The Populist Party
B) The Republican Party
C) The Democratic Party
D) The Progressive Party
"Conservatives,liberals,radicals of all shades and intensity,are agreed in denouncing the criminal indifference that is shown to the murderous conditions in which men,women,girls and mere children are compelled to earn their bread.The Triangle disaster has revealed an appalling state of affairs that exists though the factory district of New York City,and that presumably exists in varying degrees of badness in other cities.From the standpoint of safety of the workers everything was wrong.And yet it is hard to single out one person or institution and say that there belongs the blame.The proprietors of the Triangle Company were violating no law,and were but following the instincts and practices common among manufacturers in their trade…The ultimate blame must be traced back to…an indifference or unawakened public."
Miriam Finn Scott,"The Factory Girl's Danger," The Outlook,April 15,1911
A member of which of the following groups would most likely agree with the tone taken in this excerpt?
A) The Populist Party
B) The Republican Party
C) The Democratic Party
D) The Progressive Party
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21
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
The debate over this portion of the treaty revolved around
A) racial theories of American superiority.
B) the pursuit of American interests via a policy of isolationism.
C) the mobilization of the American economy.
D) developing a multilateral economic framework.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
The debate over this portion of the treaty revolved around
A) racial theories of American superiority.
B) the pursuit of American interests via a policy of isolationism.
C) the mobilization of the American economy.
D) developing a multilateral economic framework.
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22
The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
The influx of immigrants in the early 20?? century
A) came mostly from southern and eastern Europe.
B) helped to strengthen the nation's labor unions.
C) strengthened the Democratic coalition.
D) tended to pursue agricultural jobs on the frontier .
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
The influx of immigrants in the early 20?? century
A) came mostly from southern and eastern Europe.
B) helped to strengthen the nation's labor unions.
C) strengthened the Democratic coalition.
D) tended to pursue agricultural jobs on the frontier .
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23
Library of congress Prints and photographic Division[ LC-USZ62-85742]
John Bull,representing Great Britain,asks Uncle Sam for a 'new army'
Those who agreed with the viewpoint of the cartoonist would most likely have
A) encouraged American expansion in Latin America.
B) called for a defense of democratic principles abroad.
C) supported American isolationism.
D) lobbied for a stronger role for the United States in global affairs.
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24
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
The scenario described in the passage is most similar to cultural developments of
A) the Progressive Era.
B) the decade after World War II.
C) the Great Society.
D) the 1970s.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
The scenario described in the passage is most similar to cultural developments of
A) the Progressive Era.
B) the decade after World War II.
C) the Great Society.
D) the 1970s.
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25
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
The sentiments in this passage most nearly reflect the ideas presented in
A) the Declaration of Independence.
B) George Washington's Farewell Address.
C) debates over the Mexican American War.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
The sentiments in this passage most nearly reflect the ideas presented in
A) the Declaration of Independence.
B) George Washington's Farewell Address.
C) debates over the Mexican American War.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
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26
Library of congress Prints and photographic Division[ LC-USZ62-85742]
John Bull,representing Great Britain,asks Uncle Sam for a 'new army'
The cartoon most clearly reflects American anxiety over the
A) rise of American isolationism.
B) role of the American Expeditionary Force in the conflict.
C) ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
D) establishment of immigration quotas.
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27
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The issues described in the passage took place among an atmosphere of
A) repressed freedom of speech.
B) great social and cultural upheaval.
C) popular support for the expansion of the power of the federal government.
D) condemnation of what some saw as an immoral foreign policy.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The issues described in the passage took place among an atmosphere of
A) repressed freedom of speech.
B) great social and cultural upheaval.
C) popular support for the expansion of the power of the federal government.
D) condemnation of what some saw as an immoral foreign policy.
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28
The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
What had contributed most directly to the growth of immigration in the 1920s?
A) The "Great Migration" of World War I
B) The protection of civil liberties in the U.S. Constitution
C) Anti-war sentiments in the United States
D) The growth of economic opportunities in the United States
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
What had contributed most directly to the growth of immigration in the 1920s?
A) The "Great Migration" of World War I
B) The protection of civil liberties in the U.S. Constitution
C) Anti-war sentiments in the United States
D) The growth of economic opportunities in the United States
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29
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
The most successful narrative to be presented as an alternative to ideas like the one presented in the passage would come from
A) President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
B) supporters of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society.
C) civil rights protesters in the 1960s.
D) Republicans in the 1980s.
"It is impossible for the United States to preserve itself as a republic or as a democracy when 600 families own more of this Nation's wealth - in fact,twice as much - as all the balance of the people put together. Here is the whole sum and substance of the share-our-wealth movement:1.Every family to be furnished by the Government a homestead allowance… of not less than one-third the average family wealth of the country...No person to have a fortune of more than 100 to 300 times the average family fortune…4.An old-age pension to the persons of 60…8.The raising of revenue and taxes for the support of this program to come from the reduction of swollen fortunes from the top."
Huey Long,"Share Our Wealth," 1932
The most successful narrative to be presented as an alternative to ideas like the one presented in the passage would come from
A) President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
B) supporters of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society.
C) civil rights protesters in the 1960s.
D) Republicans in the 1980s.
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30
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The motivation for the policy,the effects of which are described in the passage,can best be explained by
A) the desire of groups of reformers to address social problems associated with urban living.
B) the efforts of conservationists to prevent the growth of business interests.
C) the rise of activist efforts to increase the role of government in the economic system.
D) the efforts of the public to demand increased governmental efforts at moral reform.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The motivation for the policy,the effects of which are described in the passage,can best be explained by
A) the desire of groups of reformers to address social problems associated with urban living.
B) the efforts of conservationists to prevent the growth of business interests.
C) the rise of activist efforts to increase the role of government in the economic system.
D) the efforts of the public to demand increased governmental efforts at moral reform.
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31
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
Americans would not be compelled to significantly modify their stance as taken in this passage until
A) the end of World War I.
B) the passage of restrictive immigration quotas.
C) the attack on Pearl Harbor.
D) the rise of the Cold War.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
Americans would not be compelled to significantly modify their stance as taken in this passage until
A) the end of World War I.
B) the passage of restrictive immigration quotas.
C) the attack on Pearl Harbor.
D) the rise of the Cold War.
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32
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
The rise of the society described in the passage occurred amidst a general
A) rise in the standard of living.
B) decline in social conflict.
C) expansion of civil rights.
D) reduction of business profits.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
The rise of the society described in the passage occurred amidst a general
A) rise in the standard of living.
B) decline in social conflict.
C) expansion of civil rights.
D) reduction of business profits.
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33
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
Opponents of this treaty would echo
A) the philosophy of Manifest Destiny.
B) the Second Great Awakening.
C) the Declaration of Independence.
D) Washington's Farewell Address.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
Opponents of this treaty would echo
A) the philosophy of Manifest Destiny.
B) the Second Great Awakening.
C) the Declaration of Independence.
D) Washington's Farewell Address.
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34
Library of congress Prints and photographic Division[ LC-USZ62-85742]
John Bull,representing Great Britain,asks Uncle Sam for a 'new army'
Internal divisions over the issue depicted here would most directly be called into question
A) as the United States became involved in the Spanish American War.
B) as World War II began in Europe.
C) as the nation grappled with the policy of containment.
D) at the end of the Vietnam War.
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35
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
The content of this law reveals an American understanding of
A) the important role American productive capabilities would play in a conflict.
B) the strength of the American isolationist movement.
C) the desires of many Americans to become involved in the conflict.
D) the importance of enacting a policy of containment before conflict reached the United States.
"Resolved… That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between,or among,two or more foreign states,the President shall proclaim such fact,and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms,ammunition,or implements of war from any place in the United States… to any port of such belligerent states…
[and if] the President shall find that… the protection of the lives of citizens of the United States,or the protection of the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens… requires that the American citizens should refrain from traveling as passengers on the vessels of any belligerent nation,he shall so proclaim…"
Neutrality Act,passed by the United States Congress,1935
The content of this law reveals an American understanding of
A) the important role American productive capabilities would play in a conflict.
B) the strength of the American isolationist movement.
C) the desires of many Americans to become involved in the conflict.
D) the importance of enacting a policy of containment before conflict reached the United States.
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36
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The problems described in the passage most directly intensified conflicts between
A) Americans of different races.
B) isolationists and interventionists.
C) fundamentalist and modernist approaches.
D) opponents and proponents of new technologies.
"Any evidence to the contrary notwithstanding,national prohibition rapidly acquired an image,not as a law which significantly reduced the use of alcoholic beverages,but rather as a law that was widely flouted… Even given a 60 percent drop in total national alcohol consumption,a considerable amount of imbibing still took place.Yet the image also derived in part from the unusually visible character of those prohibition violations which did occur… Most drinking took place… in urban areas where practically any activity was more likely to be witnessed… The fact that the upper classes were doing much of the imbibing further heightened its visibility."
David E.Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition,1979
The problems described in the passage most directly intensified conflicts between
A) Americans of different races.
B) isolationists and interventionists.
C) fundamentalist and modernist approaches.
D) opponents and proponents of new technologies.
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37
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
Disagreements over the implications of the situation described in the passage served to increase
A) calls for a stronger governmental regulatory system.
B) acceptance of regional artistry like the Harlem Renaissance.
C) traditionalism among urban Americans.
D) the decline of progressive economic policies.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
Disagreements over the implications of the situation described in the passage served to increase
A) calls for a stronger governmental regulatory system.
B) acceptance of regional artistry like the Harlem Renaissance.
C) traditionalism among urban Americans.
D) the decline of progressive economic policies.
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38
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
Which of the following best explains how America's role in this conflict and her negotiation of this treaty represent a departure from previous iterations of foreign policy?
A) Before this, America had vocally opposed intervention in foreign countries.
B) Previously, America had avoided becoming involved in European conflicts.
C) Prior to this, Americans had been outspoken in support of presiding over international order.
D) Formerly, America had preferred purely economic interventions.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
Which of the following best explains how America's role in this conflict and her negotiation of this treaty represent a departure from previous iterations of foreign policy?
A) Before this, America had vocally opposed intervention in foreign countries.
B) Previously, America had avoided becoming involved in European conflicts.
C) Prior to this, Americans had been outspoken in support of presiding over international order.
D) Formerly, America had preferred purely economic interventions.
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39
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
President Wilson's role in the construction of this treaty
A) openly contradicted America's stated goal of providing humanitarian aid.
B) was fairly limited, given the nation's minimal role in the war.
C) served to downplay American interests in the peace effort.
D) attempted to balance national security and the promotion of stability worldwide.
"The United States will,indeed,undertake under Article X to 'respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League [of Nations]' and that engagement constitutes a very grave and solemn moral obligation. But it is a moral,not a legal,obligation,and leaves our Congress absolutely free to put its own interpretation upon it in all cases that call for action."
Woodrow Wilson,Testimony before the Senate over Article X of the Treaty of Versailles,1919
President Wilson's role in the construction of this treaty
A) openly contradicted America's stated goal of providing humanitarian aid.
B) was fairly limited, given the nation's minimal role in the war.
C) served to downplay American interests in the peace effort.
D) attempted to balance national security and the promotion of stability worldwide.
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40
The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
Which of the following economic developments most directly contributed to the situation described in the passage?
A) The success of Progressive reforms
B) The decline of large corporations
C) The development of new manufacturing techniques
D) The expansion of the nation's resource base
"Something new has come to confront American democracy… This is our proudest boast: 'The American citizen has more comforts and conveniences than kings had two hundred years ago.' It is a fact and this fact is the outward evidence of the new force which has crossed the path of American democracy. The increasing stream of automobiles and radios,buildings and bathrooms,furs and furniture,liners,hotels,bridges,vacuum cleaners…these are the signs… Consumptionism is bringing it about that the American citizen's first importance to his country is no longer that of citizen but that of consumer."
Samuel Strauss,"Things Are in the Saddle," Atlantic Monthly,1924
Which of the following economic developments most directly contributed to the situation described in the passage?
A) The success of Progressive reforms
B) The decline of large corporations
C) The development of new manufacturing techniques
D) The expansion of the nation's resource base
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41
The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
Those who agreed with the cartoonist's perspective would have been most concerned by the
A) low wages for which so many of the immigrants were willing to work.
B) cultural differences between the new immigrants and most native-born Americans.
C) anti-union character of most of the new immigrants.
D) segregation of immigrants into ethnic communities.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
Those who agreed with the cartoonist's perspective would have been most concerned by the
A) low wages for which so many of the immigrants were willing to work.
B) cultural differences between the new immigrants and most native-born Americans.
C) anti-union character of most of the new immigrants.
D) segregation of immigrants into ethnic communities.
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42
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)
![The following questions refer to the graph below. Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100) The periods of World War I [and World War II] coincided with significant migration north from Mexico… [as] many Mexicans moved to the border…[and] easily found work in the United States since domestic mobilization for the war…greatly stimulated business… Although Mexican emigrants did not consider the United States a perfect destination,the economic boom of the 1920s at least presented the possibility of steady employment… However,consequences of the depression in 1929 and 1930 were immediate and unfortunate for the Mexican community living in the United States… The forced repatriations of the Great Depression,very close in time to World War II,painfully showed the Mexican government the truly precarious position of Mexican workers,legal and undocumented alike,in the U.S.economy. Barbara A.Driscoll,The Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II,1999 Using the excerpt above,answer parts a,b,and c. a)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1930s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt. b)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1940s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt. c)Briefly explain ONE government policy related to the migration described in the passage using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.](https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0174_ccd3_bce1_8508e77e2e21_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg)
"The periods of World War I [and World War II] coincided with significant migration north from Mexico… [as] many Mexicans moved to the border…[and] easily found work in the United States since domestic mobilization for the war…greatly stimulated business… Although Mexican emigrants did not consider the United States a perfect destination,the economic boom of the 1920s at least presented the possibility of steady employment… However,consequences of the depression in 1929 and 1930 were immediate and unfortunate for the Mexican community living in the United States… The forced repatriations of the Great Depression,very close in time to World War II,painfully showed the Mexican government the truly precarious position of Mexican workers,legal and undocumented alike,in the U.S.economy."
Barbara A.Driscoll,The Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II,1999
Using the excerpt above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1930s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
b)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1940s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
c)Briefly explain ONE government policy related to the migration described in the passage using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)
![The following questions refer to the graph below. Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100) The periods of World War I [and World War II] coincided with significant migration north from Mexico… [as] many Mexicans moved to the border…[and] easily found work in the United States since domestic mobilization for the war…greatly stimulated business… Although Mexican emigrants did not consider the United States a perfect destination,the economic boom of the 1920s at least presented the possibility of steady employment… However,consequences of the depression in 1929 and 1930 were immediate and unfortunate for the Mexican community living in the United States… The forced repatriations of the Great Depression,very close in time to World War II,painfully showed the Mexican government the truly precarious position of Mexican workers,legal and undocumented alike,in the U.S.economy. Barbara A.Driscoll,The Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II,1999 Using the excerpt above,answer parts a,b,and c. a)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1930s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt. b)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1940s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt. c)Briefly explain ONE government policy related to the migration described in the passage using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.](https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0174_ccd3_bce1_8508e77e2e21_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg)
"The periods of World War I [and World War II] coincided with significant migration north from Mexico… [as] many Mexicans moved to the border…[and] easily found work in the United States since domestic mobilization for the war…greatly stimulated business… Although Mexican emigrants did not consider the United States a perfect destination,the economic boom of the 1920s at least presented the possibility of steady employment… However,consequences of the depression in 1929 and 1930 were immediate and unfortunate for the Mexican community living in the United States… The forced repatriations of the Great Depression,very close in time to World War II,painfully showed the Mexican government the truly precarious position of Mexican workers,legal and undocumented alike,in the U.S.economy."
Barbara A.Driscoll,The Tracks North: The Railroad Bracero Program of World War II,1999
Using the excerpt above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1930s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
b)Briefly explain a cause OR effect of the migration described in the passage during the 1940s using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
c)Briefly explain ONE government policy related to the migration described in the passage using ONE piece of evidence not directly mentioned in the excerpt.
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43
The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
The attitude expressed in the cartoon would characterize American immigration policy until
A) the New Deal.
B) the end of World War II.
C) the Great Society.
D) the end of the Cold War.
MPI/Getty Images
"The Only Way to Handle It",1921
The attitude expressed in the cartoon would characterize American immigration policy until
A) the New Deal.
B) the end of World War II.
C) the Great Society.
D) the end of the Cold War.
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44
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Which of the following trends from this graph best explains the popular support of the New Deal?
A) Slow growth during the 1920s
B) Significant market instability
C) The perception of national affluence
D) Weak performance up to the outbreak of World War II
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Which of the following trends from this graph best explains the popular support of the New Deal?
A) Slow growth during the 1920s
B) Significant market instability
C) The perception of national affluence
D) Weak performance up to the outbreak of World War II
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45
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

The trend shown between 1933 and 1937 would contribute to
A) calls for more extensive government intervention in the national economy.
B) conservative claims that the New Deal had exceeded the powers given to the government in the Constitution.
C) a fragmentation of the established Democratic Party coalition.
D) America's decision to enter World War II.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

The trend shown between 1933 and 1937 would contribute to
A) calls for more extensive government intervention in the national economy.
B) conservative claims that the New Deal had exceeded the powers given to the government in the Constitution.
C) a fragmentation of the established Democratic Party coalition.
D) America's decision to enter World War II.
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46
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend shown between 1921 and 1929?
A) Mobilization for World War I
B) Stronger regulations of the financial system
C) The growth and consolidation of large corporations
D) The nation's transition from industry to agriculture
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend shown between 1921 and 1929?
A) Mobilization for World War I
B) Stronger regulations of the financial system
C) The growth and consolidation of large corporations
D) The nation's transition from industry to agriculture
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47
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Using your knowledge of United States History,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain why ONE of the following most significantly changed the nature of the United States' economy.
-The growth of corporations
-American expansion overseas
-The New Deal
b)Provide ONE piece of specific historical evidence to support your explanation.
c)Briefly explain why ONE of the other options is not as good as the one you chose.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Using your knowledge of United States History,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain why ONE of the following most significantly changed the nature of the United States' economy.
-The growth of corporations
-American expansion overseas
-The New Deal
b)Provide ONE piece of specific historical evidence to support your explanation.
c)Briefly explain why ONE of the other options is not as good as the one you chose.
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48
Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Some historians contend that the growth of modern technology in the period from 1900 to 1925 led to greater national unity.Support,modify,or refute this interpretation using specific evidence to justify your answer.
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Some historians contend that the growth of modern technology in the period from 1900 to 1925 led to greater national unity.Support,modify,or refute this interpretation using specific evidence to justify your answer.
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49
DOCUMENT BASED
DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Analyze the motivations of the United States in its foreign-policy decisions in the period from 1898 to 1908.To what extent did the nation build consensus for its actions?

DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Analyze the motivations of the United States in its foreign-policy decisions in the period from 1898 to 1908.To what extent did the nation build consensus for its actions?

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50
Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Analyze the extent to which the involvement of the United States in World War II transformed the nation economically,politically,and socially.Consider both continuities and changes during the time from 1939 to 1950.
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Analyze the extent to which the involvement of the United States in World War II transformed the nation economically,politically,and socially.Consider both continuities and changes during the time from 1939 to 1950.
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51
The following questions refer to the graph below.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)The United States mobilized its armed forces to join the conflict in both World War I and World War II.Briefly explain ONE important similarity in the home front impact of these two conflicts.
b)Briefly explain ONE important difference in the home front impact of these two conflicts.
c)Briefly explain the long-term impact of ONE of these two conflicts,making sure to include at least ONE piece of evidence to support your explanation.
Index of Common Stock Prices (1926=100)

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)The United States mobilized its armed forces to join the conflict in both World War I and World War II.Briefly explain ONE important similarity in the home front impact of these two conflicts.
b)Briefly explain ONE important difference in the home front impact of these two conflicts.
c)Briefly explain the long-term impact of ONE of these two conflicts,making sure to include at least ONE piece of evidence to support your explanation.
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52
DOCUMENT BASED
DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Evaluate the role of the New Deal in shaping political alignments and party systems in the United States during the period from 1932 to 1940.

DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Evaluate the role of the New Deal in shaping political alignments and party systems in the United States during the period from 1932 to 1940.

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