Question 1

Which of the following types of neuronal circuits is self-stimulating once activated?&#10;A)Converging&#10;B)Reverberating&#10;C)Diverging&#10;D)One that incorporates lateral inhibition

Accepted Answer

A reverberating circuit, also known as a positive feedback loop, is self-stimulating once activated. The circuit sends signals back to itself, allowing the activity to continue without additional input from other neurons. Converging, diverging, and circuits that incorporate lateral inhibition do not have this self-stimulating property.

Question 2

Which of the sensory nerve fiber type has the fastest transmission rate for action potentials?&#10;A)Type C&#10;B)Type A$\gamma$&#10;C)Type A$\beta$&#10;D)Type A$\delta$

Accepted Answer

Type Aβ fibers have the fastest transmission rate for action potentials among the options listed, due to their large diameter and myelination which reduce latency and increase speed of conduction.

Question 3

In the various types of neuronal circuits, signal sharpening is achieved by which of the following?&#10;A)A diverging circuit&#10;B)A converging circuit&#10;C)A reverberating circuit&#10;D)A circuit with lateral inhibition

Accepted Answer

Signal sharpening is achieved by lateral inhibition. In a circuit with lateral inhibition, some neurons inhibit the activity of neighboring neurons, thereby enhancing the contrast between signals. This results in a sharper and more precise signal. A diverging circuit amplifies the signal and spreads it to multiple neurons, while a converging circuit combines inputs from multiple neurons to generate a single output. A reverberating circuit is a feedback loop where the output of the circuit is fed back to the input, resulting in a prolonged signal. None of these circuits are specifically designed to achieve signal sharpening.

Question 4

Which statement concerning the mechanoreceptive receptor potential is true?&#10;A)An increase in stimulus energy results in an increase in receptor potential&#10;B)When receptor potential rises above a certain threshold, action potentials will appear in the neuron attached to the receptor&#10;C)The number of action potentials generated in the neuron attached to the receptor is proportional to the receptor potential&#10;D)All the above are correct

Accepted Answer

All of the given statements are true about the mechanoreceptive receptor potential. As the stimulus energy increases, there is an increase in receptor potential. When the receptor potential reaches a certain threshold, action potentials will be generated in the neuron attached to the receptor. The number of action potentials generated in the neuron is proportional to the receptor potential. Therefore, all three statements are correct.

Question 5

Which figure below represents the response of the most rapidly adapting receptor to the stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which figure below represents the response of...

Question 6

Signal amplification can be achieved by which of the following neuronal pool schemes?&#10;A)Divergence in the same tract&#10;B)Convergence from multiple sources&#10;C)Through lateral inhibition&#10;D)Through a reverberating circuit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Signal amplification can be achieved by which...

Question 7

The highest frequency of action potentials generated by the mechanoreceptor is most likely to occur at which of the following receptor potentials (in mV)?&#10;A)-60&#10;B)-50&#10;C)-45&#10;D)-40&#10;E)-35

Accepted Answer

The highest frequency of action potentials in a mechanoreceptor is most likely to occur at the receptor potential closest to the threshold for action potential initiation, which is typically more depolarized (less negative) than resting membrane potential. Among the options, -35 mV is the least negative value, indicating the most depolarized state, and thus, it would likely result in the highest frequency of action potentials.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the receptor potential?&#10;A)The receptor potential is always constant&#10;B)The greater the intensity of the stimulus, the greater the change in receptor potential&#10;C)Any change in the receptor potential will induce an action potential&#10;D)Receptor excitation always involves depolarization of the receptor

Accepted Answer

The receptor potential is the change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor cell that results from a sensory stimulus. The greater the intensity of the stimulus, the greater the change in receptor potential, which in turn can lead to the generation of an action potential. Therefore, statement B is the most accurate description of the receptor potential. Statements A, C, and D are not necessarily true in all cases.

Question 9

Which of the following represents a slowly adapting receptor?&#10;A)Pacinian corpuscle&#10;B)Semicircular canal receptor&#10;C)Meissner's corpuscle&#10;D)Merkel disks

Accepted Answer

Merkel disks are slowly adapting receptors that respond to sustained pressure or touch. Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, and semicircular canal receptors are all rapidly adapting receptors that respond to changes in pressure or movement.

Question 10

Which of the following represents a rapidly adapting receptor?&#10;A)Muscle spindle receptor&#10;B)Ruffini endings&#10;C)Meissner corpuscle&#10;D)Merkel discs

Accepted Answer

Meissner corpuscles are rapidly adapting receptors that are found in the skin's dermal papillae. They are sensitive to light touch and low-frequency vibrations, making them important for detecting textures and other surface features. The other options, muscle spindle receptors, Ruffini endings, and Merkel discs, are all examples of slowly adapting receptors.

Question 11

Which of the sensory nerve fiber type has the slowest rate of transmission nerve impulses?&#10;A)Type C&#10;B)Type A$\gamma$&#10;C)Type A$\beta$&#10;D)Type A $\delta$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the sensory nerve fiber type...

Question 12

Which figure below represents the response of the most slowly adapting receptor to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which figure below represents the response of...

Question 13

Which of the following sensory receptors is most likely to have the highest rate of adaptation?&#10;A)Free nerve endings&#10;B)Meissner corpuscle&#10;C)Merkel cell-neurite complex&#10;D)Pacinian corpuscle&#10;E)Ruffini ending

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following sensory receptors is...

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of almost all sensory receptors?&#10;A)The ability to perceive a mechanical force&#10;B)The ability to be modulated by a change in temperature&#10;C)The ability to be excited by the application of a chemical irritant&#10;D)The ability to adapt to the stimulus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a characteristic...

Question 15

A progressive rise in receptor potential (becomes less negative) of a typical mechanoreceptor is most likely to have which of the following effects on the frequency of action potentials in the axon from that mechanoreceptor?

A)Proportional decrease
B)Proportional increase
C)No change
D)Tenfold decrease
E)Tenfold increase

Accepted Answer

The answer of A progressive rise in receptor potential (becomes...

Deck 47: Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information