Deck 39: Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid

Question 1

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A cardiac catheterization is done in a healthy person. The blood sample withdrawn from the catheter shows 60% oxygen saturation, and the pressure recording shows oscillations from a maximum of 26 mm Hg to a minimum of 14 mm Hg. Where was the catheter tip located?

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Foramen ovale
C)Left atrium
D)Pulmonary artery
E)Right atrium

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A 25-year-old man has sustained a gunshot wound to his abdomen. His blood pressure is dropping due to hemorrhage. Which of the following statements about his condition is correct?

A)As his cardiac output and blood pressure drop, the number of zone I regions in his lung will decrease
B)If he sits upright, the number of zone I regions in his lung will decrease
C)The V/Q in the zone I regions of his lung is very low
D)His physiological dead space is increasing because of an increase in zone I regions of his lung

Question 5

With a slow decrease in left heart function, which of the following will reduce the formation of pulmonary edema?

A)Increase in plasma protein concentration due to fluid loss
B)Increase in the negative interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C)Increase in the pumping of lymphatics
D)Increase in the concentration of interstitial protein

Question 6

Which of the following is true during exercise?

A)Blood flow is uniform throughout the lung
B)Lung diffusing capacity increases because blood flow is continuous in all pulmonary capillaries
C)Pulmonary blood volume decreases
D)The transit time of blood in the pulmonary capillaries does not change from rest

Question 7

Question 8

Which of the following situations would be expected to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance?

A)Ascent to 15,000 feet above sea level
B)Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
C)Expiration to the residual volume
D)Moderate exercise

Question 9

Which of the following best describes blood flow to the lungs?

A)Finely regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system
B)Finely regulated by the sympathetic nervous system
C)Higher at the base than at the apex of the upright lung
D)Directed mainly to areas that are hypoxic
E)Constant throughout the duration of the respiratory cycle

Question 10

An astronaut is exercising in space. He has an increase in cardiac output from 4 to 15 L/min. Blood flow in his lungs would be in which zones at rest and during exercise, respectively?

A)Zone III and zone III
B)Zone II and zone II
C)Zone I and zone III
D)Zone II and zone II

Question 11

Question 12

Which of the following will lead to an increase in total lung area with zone I blood flow in a healthy person?

A)Going from standing to supine
B)Breathing 40% oxygen
C)Scuba diving to 15,000 feet
D)Severe blood loss
E)Walking across the street

Question 13

A person with normal lungs has an oxygen consumption of 750 mL O₂/min. The hemoglobin concentration is 15 g/dL. The mixed venous saturation is 25%. What is the cardiac output?

A)2,500 mL/min
B)5,000 mL/min
C)7,500 mL/min
D)10,000 mL/min
E)20,000 mL/min

Question 14

If the mean pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures are 20 and 8 mm Hg, respectively, and total blood flow is 5 L/min, what is the pulmonary vascular resistance?

A)0.4 mm Hg/L/min
B)1.2 mm Hg/L/min
C)2.4 mm Hg/L/min
D)3.6 mm Hg/L/min

Question 15

A 67-year-old man is admitted to University Hospital for severe chest pain. A Swan-Ganz catheter is floated into the pulmonary artery, the balloon is inflated, and the pulmonary wedge pressure is measured. The pulmonary wedge pressure is used clinically to monitor which of the following pressures?

A)Left atrial pressure
B)Left ventricular pressure
C)Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure
D)Pulmonary artery systolic pressure
E)Pulmonary capillary pressure