Question 1

What is the structure in the motor system that compares intended motion with the actual motion and initiates corrective changes if the two are mismatched?&#10;A)Flocculus of the cerebellum&#10;B)Pontine reticular nuclei&#10;C)Subthalamus&#10;D)Inferior olive

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Following Questions :A 38-year-old woman visits the physician because of uncontrolled movements of the arms, legs, head, face, and upper body. These symptoms have increased progressively over the past 12 months. She is also depressed and irritable, and she repeats the same question six times during the 30-minute office visit. Gene analyses show expansion of a CAG triplet repeat on chromosome 4. Use this information to answer the next two questions.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A)Alzheimer disease
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Brain tumor
D)Huntington disease
E)Parkinson disease

D

Accepted Answer

The expansion of a CAG triplet repeat on chromosome 4 is diagnostic of Huntington disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. The patient's symptoms of uncontrolled movements, depression, irritability, and cognitive impairment are consistent with this diagnosis. The other options, including Alzheimer disease, bipolar disorder, brain tumor, and Parkinson disease, are less likely based on the given information.

Question 3

All of the following structures are considered to be part of the basal ganglia except:&#10;A)Caudate nucleus&#10;B)Red nucleus&#10;C)Substantia nigra&#10;D)Putamen

Accepted Answer

The red nucleus is not considered part of the basal ganglia. The other structures listed (caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, putamen) are all part of the basal ganglia.

Question 4

Which of the following are paired correctly?&#10;A)Lateral cerebellar hemisphere and coordination of axial muscles&#10;B)Spinocerebellum and sequencing and timing of motor movements&#10;C)Purkinje cells and inhibitory input to deep nuclear cells of cerebellum&#10;D)Cerebellar dysfunction and athetosis

Accepted Answer

Purkinje cells provide inhibitory input to the deep nuclear cells of the cerebellum, which is crucial for modulating and coordinating motor movements.

Question 5

Neurological disease associated with the cerebellum produces which of the following types of symptoms?&#10;A)Resting tremor&#10;B)Athetosis&#10;C)Rigidity&#10;D)Ataxia

Accepted Answer

Ataxia is a type of movement disorder associated with damage to the cerebellum, resulting in lack of coordination, balance, and voluntary movement. Resting tremor is associated with Parkinson's disease, athetosis is associated with damage to the basal ganglia, and rigidity is associated with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.

Question 6

Which circuit in the basal ganglia is thought to be involved in the cognitive control of motor functions?&#10;A)Caudate circuit&#10;B)Putamen circuit&#10;C)Papez circuit&#10;D)Nigropallidal thalamic circuit

Accepted Answer

The caudate circuit in the basal ganglia is involved in the cognitive control of motor functions. This circuit includes the caudate nucleus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. It plays a role in planning and executing voluntary movements, as well as in inhibiting unwanted movements. Dysfunction in this circuit can lead to movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

Question 7

Stimulation of a complex spike pattern in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum can be initiated by stimulation of which of the following?&#10;A)Inferior olivary complex&#10;B)Brain stem reticular nuclei&#10;C)Neurons in the red nucleus&#10;D)Superior olivary complex

Accepted Answer

The inferior olivary complex is responsible for initiating complex spike patterns in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

Question 8

The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum is associated most closely with which of the following?&#10;A)Vestibular apparatus&#10;B)Subthalamic nucleus&#10;C)Rubrospinal tract&#10;D)Superior olivary nucleus

Accepted Answer

The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum is involved in coordinating balance and eye movements, which are closely related to the vestibular apparatus (inner ear).

Question 9

Parkinson disease is the result of which of the following?&#10;A)Disruption of the putamen circuit&#10;B)Loss of gamma-aminobutyric acid input from the caudate nucleus and putamen to the substantia nigra&#10;C)Loss of dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra to the caudate nucleus and the putamen&#10;D)Loss of serotonin input from the substantia nigra to the thalamus and subthalamus

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra to the caudate nucleus and putamen, which are areas of the brain responsible for motor control. This loss of dopamine leads to the classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Question 10

Afferent signals from the periphery of the body travel to the cerebellum in which of the following nerve tracts?&#10;A)Ventral spinocerebellar tract&#10;B)Fastigioreticular tract&#10;C)Vestibulocerebellar tract&#10;D)Reticulocerebellar tract

Accepted Answer

The ventral spinocerebellar tract carries afferent signals from the periphery of the body to the cerebellum, providing information about proprioception and coordination.

Question 11

Neurological disease associated with the globus pallidus produces which symptom?&#10;A)Rigidity&#10;B)Chorea&#10;C)Hemiballismus&#10;D)Athetosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurological disease associated with the globus pallidus...

Question 12

Chorea and choreiform movement is a sign of dysfunction in which brain region?&#10;A)Substantia nigra&#10;B)Caudate nucleus and putamen&#10;C)Subthalamic nucleus&#10;D)Thalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chorea and choreiform movement is a sign...

Question 13

Efferent fibers from the cerebellum originate in which of the following structures?&#10;A)Deep nuclear cell layer of the cerebellum&#10;B)Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex&#10;C)Granular cell layer of the cerebellar cortex&#10;D)Molecular cell layer of the cerebellar cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of Efferent fibers from the cerebellum originate in...

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Purkinje cell input to the deep nuclear cells of the cerebellum?&#10;A)Always stimulatory&#10;B)Always inhibitory&#10;C)Stimulatory only if it originates from inferior olivary complex&#10;D)Stimulatory only if it originates from mossy fibers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes the...

Question 15

Hemiballismus is associated with damage or dysfunction of which of the following structures?&#10;A)Thalamus&#10;B)Caudate nucleus&#10;C)Subthalamus&#10;D)Red nucleus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemiballismus is associated with damage or dysfunction...

Question 16

Following Questions :A 38-year-old woman visits the physician because of uncontrolled movements of the arms, legs, head, face, and upper body. These symptoms have increased progressively over the past 12 months. She is also depressed and irritable, and she repeats the same question six times during the 30-minute office visit. Gene analyses show expansion of a CAG triplet repeat on chromosome 4. Use this information to answer the next two questions.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A)Alzheimer disease
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Brain tumor
D)Huntington disease
E)Parkinson disease

D

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following Questions :A 38-year-old woman visits the...

Deck 57: Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Overall Motor Control