Deck 15: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

An advantage to group therapy is that groups __________.

A) are a source of social and emotional support
B) allow countertransference to occur
C) bestow unconditional approval on group members
D) allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up

Answer 1

are a source of social and emotional support

Question 2

Lily sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lily is undergoing is called __________.

A) psychotherapy
B) psychopharmacology
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive shock therapy

Answer 2

psychopharmacology

Question 3

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered __________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Answer 3

nondirective

Question 4

Rational emotive therapy is a type of __________ therapy.

A) insight
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) humanistic

Question 5

Medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all types of __________ therapies.

A) cognitive
B) behavior
C) biomedical
D) psychoanalytic

Question 6

Bilateral anterior cingulotomy has been performed in cases of __________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) panic disorder

Question 7

Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different?

A) age
B) gender
C) language
D) clothing

Question 8

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 9

Gestalt therapy is considered __________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 10

__________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some types of schizophrenia.

A) Humanistic
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biomedical
D) Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

Question 11

Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing is primarily used for the treatment of __________.

A) schizophrenia
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) depression
D) bipolar disorder

Question 12

Lorenzo, who has a drug addiction problem, is MOST likely to be successfully treated by __________.

A) psychoanalysis
B) family therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 13

Which term refers to the process of learning through the observation and imitation of others?

A) modeling
B) free association
C) voyeurism
D) flooding

Question 14

Jonah takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Jonah is showing signs of __________.

A) savant syndrome
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) a clozapine overdose
D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 15

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the __________ between client and therapist.

A) therapeutic alliance
B) transference
C) mindfulness
D) authenticity

Question 16

Which therapy depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs?

A) person-centered therapy
B) psychoanalytic therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 17

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are referred to as __________ therapies.

A) action
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship

Question 18

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called __________.

A) behavior modification
B) empty chair technique
C) reflection
D) selective thinking

Question 19

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the __________ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor __________ their clients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 20

A goal of family therapy is to __________.

A) change the needs of individual family members
B) improve family communication and interaction
C) identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems
D) teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

Question 21

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people __________.

A) feedback from their biologically controlled responses
B) help in understanding perceptual processes
C) basic training in observational learning and practice
D) a clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

Question 22

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called __________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 23

Camila is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be a(n) __________ therapist.

A) action
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship

Question 24

Phillip is interested in helping his client change his maladaptive behavior. Phillip is most likely to be a(n) __________ therapist.

A) action
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship

Question 25

The first truly organized effort to house mentally ill persons began in England in the sixteenth century and took place at __________.

A) La Bicêtre Asylum
B) Bethlehem Hospital
C) the Pinel Asylum
D) London General Hospital

Question 26

Therapies directed at directly changing disordered or inappropriate behavior are referred to as __________ therapies.

A) action
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship

Question 27

Tiana sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Tiana is undergoing is called __________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 28

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are referred to as __________.

A) action therapies
B) insight therapies
C) biomedical therapies
D) relationship therapies

Question 29

Tovah is a psychologist who believes that many psychological difficulties are the result of unconscious conflicts of which a client is unaware. Tovah most likely endorses which type of therapy?

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) person-centered therapy

Question 30

Psychoanalysis is a therapy technique designed by __________.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Rogers
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 31

__________ is a type of insight-oriented therapy.

A) Cognitive-behavioral treatment
B) Psychopharmacology
C) Transference
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 32

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind him. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, resistance, and transference. This example illustrates __________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavior
C) person-centered
D) rational emotive behavior

Question 33

Dr. Navaro uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. Dr. Navaro is most likely using __________.

A) behavior therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) Gestalt therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 34

You are a contestant on Jeopardy!, and it's your turn. You say, "I'll take History of Therapies for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say, __________.

A) "Who was Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who was Carl Rogers?"
C) "Who was Philippe Pinel?"
D) "Who was Abraham Maslow?"

Question 35

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A) cognition
B) empathy
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 36

__________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A) Reflection
B) Empathy
C) Dream interpretation
D) Unconditional positive regard

Question 37

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called __________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 38

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ of the dream refers to the actual dream and its events.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 39

Louisa sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Louisa is undergoing is called __________.

A) psychotherapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) physical therapy
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 40

Archer is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Archer brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Archer's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A) uncover repressed material
B) facilitate positive transference
C) create resistance within the client
D) facilitate unconditional positive regard

Question 41

Psychodynamic and person-centered therapies are very different therapeutic approaches. Which of the following is a major difference between the two therapies?

A) Psychodynamic therapy focuses on revealing unconscious conflicts and desires, while person-centered therapy focuses on the potential to change behavior.
B) Psychodynamic therapy is based on Rogers's work, while person-centered therapy is based on Freud's work.
C) Psychodynamic therapy uses empathy, while person-centered therapy uses interpretation.
D) Psychodynamic therapy is short-term therapy, while person-centered therapy is long-term therapy.

Question 42

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A) the unconscious
B) individual choices
C) errant thought processes
D) the empty-chair technique

Question 43

During free association, a client may become unwilling to talk about certain topics. What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the client's willingness to verbalize?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 44

Adam starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking. He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him as his mother used to. Adam has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother. Adam is experiencing __________.

A) transference
B) countertransference
C) catharsis
D) resistance

Question 45

Nathan has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A) insight
B) reactance
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 46

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's __________ content.

A) latent
B) manifest
C) symbolic
D) psychological

Question 47

Who is credited with developing person-centered therapy?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Albert Ellis
D) Aaron Beck

Question 48

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

A) cognition
B) resistance
C) dream interpretation
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 49

The psychoanalytic client who lets his or her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using __________.

A) dream interpretation
B) positive transference
C) regression
D) free association

Question 50

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's __________.

A) latent content
B) deep meaning
C) surface meaning
D) manifest content

Question 51

Free association is a technique used in __________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) rational emotive
C) person-centered
D) Gestalt

Question 52

Which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?

A) Mariah, who has a somatoform disorder
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C) Pasha, who has panic attacks
D) Aaron, who suffers from anxiety

Question 53

Malcolm's therapist is using interpersonal therapy. What would be the goal of Malcolm's therapy sessions?

A) to help Malcolm understand how his moods and behaviors are impacted by his relationships
B) to uncover Malcolm's unconscious anxiety and motives
C) to assist Malcolm in the process of self-actualization
D) to address the bad thoughts that Malcolm is experiencing and replace them with good thoughts

Question 54

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the __________ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor __________ their clients.

A) id; face-to-face discussions with
B) ego; face-to-face discussions with
C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 55

According to Freud, the __________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A) manifest content
B) free association
C) latent content
D) resistance

Question 56

Person-centered therapy is a type of __________ therapy.

A) insight
B) behavior
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 57

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Rashad at some point becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, either changing the subject or becoming silent. Rashad is experiencing __________.

A) resistance
B) a Freudian slip
C) a Freudian trip
D) interpretation

Question 58

As Maya begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her psychodynamic therapist, she begins to feel good about him, as well as accepted by him. She develops a sense of trust, particularly because he does not criticize her. What process is occurring?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) insight
C) rationalization
D) transference

Question 59

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis?

A) Mariah, who is extremely withdrawn
B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C) Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D) Aaron, who suffers from anxiety

Question 60

Marcel is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Marcel to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Marcel and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Marcel eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Marcel is using __________.

A) counterconditioning
B) pole-shifting
C) free association
D) the empty chair technique

Question 61

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as __________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 62

Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapies?

A) Clients do not need to be verbal.
B) They are not based in experimental research.
C) It cannot be used in a variety of contexts.
D) The therapist runs the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 63

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of __________.

A) Lazarus
B) Wolpe
C) Rogers
D) Perls

Question 64

According to Carl Rogers, the __________ is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 65

According to Carl Rogers, the __________ is how people think they should be.

A) ideal self
B) real self
C) ego
D) id

Question 66

Gestalt therapy is considered __________, often confronting clients about the statements they have made. Instead of simply reflecting back clients' statements, a Gestalt therapist uses a number of planned experiences to help clients become more aware of their own feelings.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 67

__________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and counsel married couples.

A) Humanistic
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biomedical
D) Biological

Question 68

Expressing empathy, developing discrepancy between a client's present behaviors and values, rolling with resistance, and supporting a client's self-efficacy were the four original pillars of __________.

A) motivational interviewing
B) rational emotive behavior therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) contingency contracting

Question 69

Your friend tells you that he sees a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer?

A) "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate."
B) "During the session, I sometimes talk to an empty chair."
C) "The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently."
D) "The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies."

Question 70

Which type of therapy emphasizes the importance of an authentic and empathetic therapist?

A) psychoanalytic therapy
B) person-centered therapy
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 71

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

Question 72

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered __________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A) directive
B) nondirective
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Question 73

Kadija's therapist listens to her without interruption or judgment. She creates a warm, accepting, and uncritical atmosphere. Kadija's therapist is demonstrating __________.

A) reflection
B) genuineness
C) unconditional positive regard
D) nondirective countertransference

Question 74

What is a primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

A) to facilitate transference
B) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C) to provide unconditional positive regard
D) to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 75

Imagine that Sigmund Freud goes to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. Which of the following is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything, because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Question 76

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal difficulties?

A) reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns
B) unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C) mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
D) unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

Question 77

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called __________.

A) conditions of worth
B) empathy
C) catharsis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 78

Dr. Ahmad listens to Aaliyah's statements and then restates what he feels is Aaliyah's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Ahmad practicing?

A) behavior therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalytic therapy
D) person-centered therapy

Question 79

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called __________.

A) empathy
B) resistance
C) authenticity
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 80

Which of the following is an advantage of person-centered therapy?

A) Clients do not need to be verbal.
B) There is too much empirical research about it.
C) It is one of the best approaches for treating serious disorders.
D) The therapist has a lower risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.