Deck 1: Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
the colors of automobiles on a used car lot

A)qualitative
B)quantitative

Answer 1

qualitative

Question 2

Provide an appropriate response.
If you had to do a statistical study, would you use a sample or a population? Why?

Answer 2

A sample would be used. It is usually impractical to obtain all the population data.

Question 3

Identify the population and the sample.
A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obese.

Answer 3

population: elementary school children; sample: collection of 2625 elementary school children surveyed.

Question 4

Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
The average age of the students in a statistics class is 22 years.

A)descriptive statistics
B)inferential statistics

Question 5

Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
the numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team

A)qualitative
B)quantitative

Question 6

Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 7500 of its 200,000
graduates was $95,000.

Question 7

Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day

A)quantitative
B)qualitative

Question 8

Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
A survey of 1208 students was taken from a university with 20,000 students.

Question 9

Determine whether the data set is a population or a sample.
The age of each employee at a local grocery store

A)population
B)sample

Question 10

Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphysema.

A)inferential statistics
B)descriptive statistics

Question 11

Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
The average salary of all assembly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $42,000.

Question 12

Determine whether the data set is a population or a sample.
The age of every fourth person entering a department store

A)sample
B)population

Question 13

Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
From past figures, it is predicted that 41% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary.

A)inferential statistics
B)descriptive statistics

Question 14

Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
Based on previous clients, a marriage counselor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce.

A)inferential statistics
B)descriptive statistics

Question 15

Identify the population and the sample.
When 1886 American households were surveyed, it was found that 85% of them owned two cars.

Question 16

Identify the population and the sample.
A survey of 1782 American households found that 80% of the households own a computer.

Question 17

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain the difference between a sample and a population.

Question 18

Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
the number of seats in a movie theater

A)quantitative
B)qualitative

Question 19

Use the Venn diagram to identify the population and the sample.

A)Population: Magazine subscribers; Sample; Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription
B)Population: Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription; Sample: Magazine subscribers

Question 20

Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty-two million.

A)inferential statistics
B)descriptive statistics

Question 21

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
marriage status (married, single, or divorced)of the faculty at the University of Colorado

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 22

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the annual salaries for all teachers in California

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 23

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
ages of students in a statistic class

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 24

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
hair color of women on a high school tennis team

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 25

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
list of zip codes for Chicago

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 26

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
list of 1239 social security numbers

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 27

Identify the data set?s level of measurement.

-the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit)on five randomly selected days $\begin{array} { l l l l l } 34 & 22 & 31 & 21 & 38\end{array}$

A)interval
B)nominal
C)ordinal
D)ratio

Question 28

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
number of milligrams of tar in 85 cigarettes

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 29

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic).

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 30

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States

A)interval
B)ordinal
C)nominal
D)ratio

Question 31

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the lengths (in minutes)of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007

A)ratio
B)nominal
C)ordinal
D)interval

Question 32

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
temperatures of 73 selected refrigerators

A)interval
B)ordinal
C)nominal
D)ratio

Question 33

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the final grades (A, B, C, D, andF)for students in a statistics class

A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 34

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
manuscripts rated ʺacceptableʺ or ʺunacceptableʺ

A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)ratio
D)interval

Question 35

Identify the data set?s level of measurement.

-numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly selected games $\begin{array} { l l l l l } 4 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4\end{array}$

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 36

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the amounts of fat (in grams)in 29 cookies

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 37

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
number of pages in your statistics book

A)ratio
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)nominal

Question 38

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the ratings of a movie ranging from ʺpoorʺ to ʺgoodʺ to ʺexcellentʺ

A)ordinal
B)nominal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 39

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph

A)nominal
B)interval
C)ordinal
D)ratio

Question 40

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
numbers on the shirts of a girlʹs soccer team

A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio

Question 41

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum.

A)observational study
B)experiment

Question 42

Identify the sampling technique used.
Thirty-five sophomores, 24 juniors and 25 seniors are randomly selected from 388 sophomores, 418 juniors and 573 seniors at a certain high school.

A)stratified
B)random
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 43

Identify the sampling technique used.
A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female teachers.

A)stratified
B)random
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 44

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 67 people to a treatment group and 67 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three
Months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the
Patientsʹ symptoms are evaluated.

A)experiment
B)observational study

Question 45

Identify the sampling technique used.
Based on 11,000 responses from 48,000 questionnaires sent to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual salary of its alumni was $118,000 per year.

A)random
B)stratified
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 46

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among the
Smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers.

A)observational study
B)experiment

Question 47

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain why data expressed with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather
than the ratio level.

Question 48

Identify the sampling technique used.
A researcher for an airline interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected flights.

A)cluster
B)random
C)convenience
D)systematic
E)stratified

Question 49

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain what bias there is in a study done entirely online.

Question 50

Identify the sampling technique used.
Every fifth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly.

A)systematic
B)random
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)stratified

Question 51

Identify the data setʹs level of measurement.
the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph

A)ratio
B)nominal
C)ordinal
D)interval

Question 52

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement.

Question 53

Identify the sampling technique used.
A community college student interviews everyone in a statistics class to determine the percentage of students that own a car.

A)convenience
B)random
C)cluster
D)systematic
E)stratified

Question 54

Identify the sampling technique used.
At a local community college, five statistics classes are randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are interviewed.

A)cluster
B)random
C)convenience
D)systematic
E)stratified

Question 55

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was
Used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop
Yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two.

A)experiment
B)observational study

Question 56

Provide an appropriate response.
A report sponsored by the California Citrus Commission stated that cholesterol levels can be lowered by
drinking at least one glass of a citrus product each day. Determine if the report is biased.

Question 57

Provide an appropriate response.
A local newspaper ran a survey by asking, ʺDo you support the deployment of a weapon that could kill
millions of innocent people?ʺ Determine whether the survey question is biased.

Question 58

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widely used by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at
The company cafeteria, or go out for lunch.

A)observational study
B)experiment

Question 59

Identify the experimental units and treatments used in the experiment.
A medical researcher center wants to test the effectiveness of a new diabetes medication. The company
identifies 82 adults suffering from a similar form of diabetes. The subjects are randomly assigned to two
groups. One group is given a medication and the other is given a placebo that looks exactly like the medication.
After three months, the subjectsʹ symptoms are studied and compared.

Question 60

Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment.
A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.

A)observational study
B)experiment

Question 61

Identify the sampling technique used.
To ensure customer satisfaction, every 5th phone call received by customer service will be monitored.

A)systematic
B)random
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)convenience

Question 62

Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, decide what sampling
technique you would use.
The average age of the 80 residents of an assisted living center.

A)census
B)random sampling
C)stratified sampling
D)cluster sampling

Question 63

Identify the sampling technique used.
The names of 70 contestants are written on 70 cards. The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag.

A)random
B)stratified
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 64

Identify the sampling technique used.
A lobbyist for a major airspace firm assigns a number to each legislator and then uses a computer to randomly generate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the legislators corresponding to these numbers.

A)random
B)convenience
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)systematic

Question 65

Identify the sampling technique used.
A researcher randomly selected 50 of the nationʹs middle schools and interviewed all of the teachers at each school.

A)cluster
B)random
C)stratified
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 66

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain the difference between a census and a sampling and describe the advantages and disadvantages of
each.

Question 67

Provide an appropriate response.
A college employs 85 faculty members. Without replacement, select the numbers of the five members who will
serve on the tenure committee next year.

Question 68

Provide an appropriate response.
Of the 5000 outpatients released from a local hospital in the past year, one hundred were contacted and asked
their opinion on the care they received. Select the first five patients who belong to the simple random sample.

Question 69

Provide an appropriate response.
Explain the differences between cluster sampling and stratified sampling.

Question 70

Identify the sampling technique used.
To avoid working late, the quality control manager inspects the last 10 items produced that day.

A)convenience
B)random
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)systematic

Question 71

Identify the sampling technique used.
In a recent television survey, participants were asked to answer ʺyesʺ or ʺnoʺ to the question ʺAre you in favor of the death penalty?ʺ Six thousand five hundred responded ʺyesʺ while 5100 responded ʺnoʺ. There was a
Fifty-cent charge for the call.

A)convenience
B)random
C)cluster
D)stratified
E)systematic

Question 72

Identify the sampling technique used.
A market researcher randomly selects 100 drivers under 45 years of age and 200 drivers over 45 years of age.

A)stratified
B)random
C)cluster
D)convenience
E)systematic

Question 73

Provide an appropriate response.
After a hurricane, a disaster area is divided into 200 equal grids. Thirty of the grids are selected and every
occupied household in the grid is interviewed to help focus relief efforts. Select the numbers of the first five
grids that belong to the cluster sample.

Question 74

Provide an appropriate response.
There are 750 incoming freshmen attending a university this fall. A researcher wishes to send questionnaires to
a sample of 30 of them to complete regarding their drinking habits. Select the numbers of the first five
freshmen who belong to the simple random sample.