Deck 16: Health and Aging

Question 1

Medical-care workers in America include:

A) some of the highest and lowest paid employees.
B) the highest paid employees, with union representatives and high union membership.
C) the lowest paid employees, with physicians as the higher-paid union employees.
D) only EMT staff, clerical staff, administrators, and non-professional lines.
E) only administrators, non-professional staff, and clerical and support staff.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The United States is the only leading industrial nation that does not have:

A) a centrally-planned health care delivery system.
B) governmental programs to help the poor pay for medical costs.
C) general medical practitioners.
D) for-profit commercial insurance companies.
E) well-developed systems of care for different types of illness.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Third-party payments are:

A) those payments made through public or private insurance or charitable organizations.
B) a system of national health insurance not supported by either the Democrats or the Republicans.
C) health care payments made exclusively by the federal government.
D) payments made by health care consumers to their insurance companies.
E) payments made by state and local governmental agencies.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What country has the most advanced health care resources in the world?

A) France
B) England
C) United States
D) Germany
E) Italy

Question 5

Critics maintain that the U.S. health insurance system:

A) does not use enough of the latest technology.
B) pays off only when the patient can afford to pay.
C) does not pay for often much-needed X-rays.
D) fails to provide prescription coverage.
E) is destined for socialist reform.

Question 6

Nearly _____ of people living with HIV/AIDS is male.

A) 5%
B) 75%
C) 20%
D) 25%
E) 50%

Question 7

Female physicians spend _____ time with their patients compared to male physicians.

A) about the same
B) slightly less
C) slightly more
D) much more
E) much less

Question 8

One significant criticism made of the U.S. health care system is that:

A) it focuses primarily on preventive care.
B) its level of medical technology is out-of-date.
C) doctors aren t paid enough.
D) there are no private health care insurance companies.
E) it emphasizes cure rather than prevention.

Question 9

Blue Cross and Blue Shield were originally developed to ensure that:

A) everyone had access to affordable health care.
B) only competent health care professionals provided health services.
C) physicians and hospitals got paid.
D) socialized medicine would one day be possible.
E) employers could provide health care to their workers.

Question 10

What has led to the numerical and proportional growth of older populations around the world?

A) decreased fertility rates
B) improvements in nutrition
C) reductions in infant mortality rates
D) improvements in education
E) all of the above

Question 11

In 2007, about what percent of all students admitted to medical schools in the United States were women?

A) 12%
B) 15.5%
C) 26%
D) 48.5%
E) 60%

Question 12

Parson s theory of sick role is:

A) doctor-centered.
B) patient-centered.
C) society-centered.
D) mystic-centered.
E) culturally-centered.

Question 13

There are significant differences in the health of the various racial groups in the U.S. Which of the following groups has the best health profile?

A) African Americans
B) White Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) Native Americans

Question 14

The American health care system has been described as:

A) curative, acute, and hospital-based.
B) acute, terminal, and patient-centered.
C) hospital-based, patient-centered, and achievement-oriented.
D) socialist, terminal, and hospital-based.
E) patient-centered, bureaucratic, and subsidized.

Question 15

From a health standpoint, the major problem with the fee-for-service system of health care is that:

A) doctors fees are too high.
B) doctors are not interested in their patients.
C) doctors waste too much time trying to collect their fees.
D) people are required to pay the doctor s fee before receiving any health services.
E) there is uneven geographic distribution of doctors and an overabundance of specialists.

Question 16

In the hierarchy of medical care workers, which of the following is characteristic?

A) There are a small number of highly paid physicians and administrators at the top.
B) Physicians and administrators invest as owners in most health care services.
C) As one moves toward the bottom of the hierarchy of medical workers, there are increasing numbers of much lower-paid workers, but they often invest in health care industries.
D) Physicians own most hospitals and employ everyone.
E) Government and public hospital workers get higher benefits and pay.

Question 17

Illness involves the body and affects an individual s:

A) self-image.
B) behavior.
C) social relationships.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is a component of the sick role, according to Parsons?

A) The sick person is not held responsible for his or her condition.
B) The sick person must cooperate with the advice of designated experts.
C) The sick person is excused from normal responsibilities.
D) The sick person must want to get better.
E) all of the above

Question 19

Medical and healthcare issues are intertwined with our:

A) political views.
B) religious affiliation.
C) educational attainment.
D) social and cultural life.
E) financial stability.

Question 20

Darryl catches a particularly virulent case of the flu and is temporarily very sick. Also likely to be affected by the illness is Darryl s:

A) relationship with others.
B) self-image.
C) behavior.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 21

The HIV virus:

A) incapacitates the immune system.
B) infects two types of white blood cells.
C) damages the central nervous system.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 22

Compared to white infants, the incidence of low birth weights among African American infants is:

A) equal to that of white infants.
B) about a third higher.
C) more than twice as high.
D) four times higher.
E) ten times higher.

Question 23

Which of the following is a reason why men have a lower life expectancy than women?

A) Men are more likely to die from cancer related to their testicles.
B) Men are more likely to use and abuse alcohol, suffer accidents, and engage in dangerous habits or activities.
C) Men have lower rates of fatal accidents.
D) Men are usually too poor and too proud to ask for help.
E) Surveys show that men hate doctors.

Question 24

Which of the following groups has the lowest life expectancy?

A) White males
B) African American males
C) White females
D) African American females
E) The rates are the same for all of these groups.

Question 25

What is the best way to characterize the health care that the poor receive?

A) inferior
B) superior because of government insurance
C) the same as care for wealthy people
D) inferior only for the elderly poor
E) about the same as for the average American

Question 26

For the last decade, which group experienced the immigrant advantage as it relates to good group health characteristics?

A) African American men
B) African American women
C) White American women
D) White American men
E) Asian Americans

Question 27

Compared to Anglo Americans, Hispanics have lower rates of death from:

A) AIDS.
B) influenza.
C) heart disease.
D) acute illness.
E) arterial disease.

Question 28

Which one of the following groups has the highest incidence of diabetes in the U. S.?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) White Americans

Question 29

What is the outcome of most birth disorders which are tested for today?

A) They can be corrected.
B) The question raised is How can we fix it?
C) The question raised is Should this pregnancy continue?
D) The question raised is How can we care for the special newborn?
E) Nothing can be done once the disorder is diagnosed.

Question 30

Why do female physicians earn less than male physicians?

A) The average female physician works fewer hours.
B) The average female physician is younger and less experienced.
C) The average female physician is less likely to be in private practice.
D) The average female physician works in lower-paying specialties.
E) all of the above

Question 31

The biggest difference in causes of death for Native Americans is that their:

A) suicide rates are the highest of any group.
B) homicide rates are the highest of any group.
C) rate of AIDS infection is the highest of any group.
D) genetically-based diseases include blood disorders.
E) groups have few deaths from infectious disease.

Question 32

The virus that causes AIDS is known as:

A) hepatitis C.
B) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
C) AIDS-generating virus (AGV).
D) influenza-B2
E) automatic infectious disease (AIDS).

Question 33

Which of the following accurately states the difference between how men and women handle emotional disturbance?

A) Men tend to act out through destructive or antisocial acts; women tend to internalize their problems.
B) Women tend to act out through destructive or antisocial acts; men tend to internalize their problems.
C) Men do not react to emotional disturbance; women engage in self-destructive behaviors.
D) There is no discernible difference in how men and women handle emotional disturbance.

Question 34

Compared with a white male, an African American male has a greater chance of dying from:

A) cancer.
B) homicide or AIDs.
C) Alzheimer s.
D) suicide.
E) accidental prescription overdose.

Question 35

The Bureau of the Census estimates that by 2050, approximately what percent of the American population will be aged 85 or over?

A) 18%
B) 25%
C) 38%
D) 48%
E) 58%

Question 36

What is the most accurate reason the poor have higher death rates?

A) Their geographic location and age distribution causes disadvantages.
B) Underweight adults cannot resist infectious disease.
C) They are more likely to smoke and have less access to medical care.
D) They live farther away from good hospitals.
E) Exposure to industrial pollution before the age of 5 weakens the immune system.

Question 37

Which of the following groups has the best health profile?

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) African Americans
D) White Americans
E) Hispanic Americans

Question 38

John Running Deer is a Native American. He is more likely than someone in the general U.S. population to suffer from:

A) kidney disease.
B) hepatitis.
C) alcoholism
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 39

Which one of the following groups has the lowest incidence of cancer deaths in the United States?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) White Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 40

Which of the following correctly states the relationship between the gender and mortality rates during the newborn stage?

A) The male rate is just slightly lower than the female rate.
B) The female rate is about the same as the male rate.
C) The male rate is more than ten times the female rate.
D) The male rate is about 130% greater than the female rate.
E) The female rate is more than twice the male rate.

Question 41

In the economic arena, population aging will affect:

A) economic growth.
B) savings.
C) investment and consumption.
D) labor markets.
E) all of the above

Question 42

About 46% of the U.S. AIDS cases are found in which group?

A) intravenous drug users
B) young adults unaware of their infection
C) homosexual or bisexual males
D) female prostitutes
E) persons suffering from hemophilia

Question 43

Making vaccinations more widely available is an example of what type of intervention?

A) structural
B) behavioral
C) medical
D) environmental
E) none of the above

Question 44

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between age and wealth in the U.S.?

A) The elderly are among the wealthiest and poorest in our nation.
B) Overall, the elderly are among the poorest in our nation.
C) There is no association between age and wealth; therefore older Americans tend to be similar to the other age groups in the nation.
D) The elderly are as wealthy as people in their twenties.
E) The elderly are as wealthy as people in their thirties.

Question 45

In the United States, Asian Americans have the best health profile.

Question 46

According to Parsons, a sick person is obligated to seek medical care and cooperate with the advice of the designated experts, notably the physician.

Question 47

The sick role encourages ill people to avoid medical experts if at all possible.

Question 48

In the United States, the American Medical Association is the leading proponent of a national healthcare plan.

Question 49

Female doctors are concentrated in lower-paying medical specialties.

Question 50

To date, population aging has been a major issue in:

A) Asia, Europe, and North America.
B) Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe.
C) North America alone.
D) Latin America, Africa, and South Asia.
E) South Asia, Central Africa, and Central America.

Question 51

Which of the following is true regarding the marital status of older men and women in the U.S.?

A) Seventy percent of women over age 75 are widows.
B) Less than 20% of men over age 75 are widowers.
C) Men are more likely to outlive their spouses than vice versa.
D) both a and c
E) both a and b

Question 52

AIDS is a specific group of diseases, not a singular disease in and of itself.

Question 53

When the legislatures construct new laws stipulating controls connected with health care, we would call it _____ intervention.

A) structural
B) behavioral
C) medical
D) environmental
E) none of the above

Question 54

The United States has the most advanced health care resources in the world.

Question 55

Not having adequate food nutrition or heating contributes most directly to:

A) disease and shorter lives for the poor.
B) higher government spending.
C) adjustments in the welfare and health care systems to include more social classes.
D) higher mortality for elderly women than for men.
E) hard choices to pay for health care and not purchase new goods and services.

Question 56

The vast majority of those infected with HIV are:

A) young adults who do not know they are infected.
B) young adults who know they are infected.
C) an unspecified age group who use drugs.
D) an unspecified age group who have received blood transfusions.
E) older adults drug users.

Question 57

Losing weight as a move to improve one s health would be regarded as what type of intervention?

A) structural
B) behavioral
C) medical
D) environmental
E) none of the above

Question 58

On average, patients report greater overall satisfaction after seeing a female doctor than seeing a male doctor.

Question 59

The American health care system is organized around preventing disease.

Question 60

Race, class, and gender issues affect how an illness is perceived and treated.

Question 61

The American Medical Association (AMA) has been a strong proponent of a national health insurance program for the entire United States.

Question 62

Women suffer from illness and disability more frequently than men.

Question 63

Influenza, alcoholism, and pneumonia are related to living in impoverished conditions.

Question 64

Being overweight or obese is correlated with educational levels.

Question 65

Without serious healthcare reform, the United States could spend 20% of its gross national product on health care.

Question 66

With a control set for experience, the salary differences between female and male physicians disappear.

Question 67

Upward social mobility among medical care workers is common.

Question 68

Native Americans have suicide rates 20% higher than the general population.

Question 69

While men have shorter life expectancies, women appear to be sick more often.

Question 70

Unlike its connection with other life chances, social class has not been shown to influence longevity.

Question 71

Poverty contributes to a shorter life expectancy both directly and indirectly.

Question 72

Studies of life expectancy show that social class influences longevity on every measure.

Question 73

Coronary heart disease is not a leading cause of death for women at any age.

Question 74

Because women suffer from illness and disability more frequently, women s death rates are higher than men s.

Question 75

In general, males have a longer life expectancy than females.

Question 76

The life expectancy for black female babies and white male babies is about equal.

Question 77

The American health care system is not organized around preventing illness.

Question 78

Some have suggested that women may not be sick more often, but may just be more sensitive to bodily discomforts and more willing to report them to a doctor.

Question 79

The benefits of a college education include higher income and richer intellectual health.

Question 80

Although men have gained years in their life expectancy, women still have made greater increases in their life expectancy relative to men.