Deck 3: Cells and How They Work

Question 1

The phospholipid molecules of most membranes have

A) a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.
B) a hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail.
C) a hydrophobic head and two hydrophobic tails.
D) a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
E) two hydrophobic tails.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

These contain enzymes that digest various substances.

A) mitochondria
B) Golgi bodies
C) nuclei
D) ribosomes
E) lysosomes

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Most of the molecules in cell membranes are

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) phospholipids.
E) nucleic acids.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

These organelles make lipids.

A) ribosomes
B) smooth endoplasmic reticula
C) Golgi bodies
D) lysosomes
E) mitochondria

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A) algae
B) bacteria
C) human
D) plant
E) fungus

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cells is NOT true?

A) Most cells cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope.
B) There are more kinds of eukaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells.
C) Most cells have an organized nucleus.
D) Some cells are large enough to see without magnification.
E) The plasma membrane completely isolates the cell's interior from the exterior.

Question 7

Which three things do all living cells have in common?

A) a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell wall
B) cytoplasm, a cell wall, and lysosomes
C) a nucleus, ribosomes, and a cell membrane
D) DNA, a cell membrane, and a nucleus
E) a plasma membrane, DNA, and cytoplasm

Question 8

These are the primary cellular sites for the assembly of proteins.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) smooth endoplasmic reticula

Question 9

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding cells?

A) All cells have a nucleus.
B) All cells divide by meiosis.
C) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
D) Cells arise through spontaneous generation.
E) Growth is solely the result of cell division.

Question 10

These are the primary structures for sorting and shipping of proteins for export from the cell or insertion into the cell membrane.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 11

Every living organism must have

A) at least one cell.
B) a nucleus.
C) a cell wall.
D) mitochondria.
E) oxygen.

Question 12

Liver cells convert ethanol to

A) water.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) acetic acid.
D) ammonia.
E) urea.

Question 13

Which of these is the localized site for the majority of the DNA in the cell?

A) ribosomes
B) Golgi body
C) nucleus
D) mitochondria
E) vesicles

Question 14

These contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 15

Why are most cells small?

A) Because they don't produce enough energy to grow larger.
B) Because the body has limited space.
C) Because the surface-to-volume ratio must be adhered to for proper cell function.
D) Because there aren't enough electrolytes to support large cells.
E) Because large cells would not be able to undergo mitosis.

Question 16

How long does it take liver cells to detoxify the alcohol in one drink?

A) two hours
B) thirty minutes
C) one hour
D) four hours
E) three hours

Question 17

The word eukaryotic means

A) having no nucleus.
B) having two nuclei.
C) before the nucleus.
D) having a true nucleus.
E) having many nuclei.

Question 18

Binge drinking can cause damage to the

A) liver and pancreas.
B) stomach and brain.
C) heart and kidneys.
D) liver and heart.
E) liver and kidneys.

Question 19

Which of these is the site for protein modification?

A) nucleus
B) cytoskeleton
C) mitochondria
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) nucleolus

Question 20

The word prokaryotic means

A) having many nuclei.
B) having two nuclei
C) before the nucleus.
D) having a membrane-bound nucleus.
E) having a nucleus with no DNA.

Question 21

An organelle found in the nucleus is a

A) plastid.
B) vacuole.
C) microvillus.
D) nucleolus.
E) basal body.

Question 22

A photograph formed using a microscope is called a(n)

A) spectrograph.
B) x-ray.
C) stereograph.
D) micrograph.
E) microphoto.

Question 23

People who have been infected with cholera bacteria but have no symptoms may still infect others. This is done by

A) sneezing on another individual.
B) coughing on another individual.
C) kissing another individual.
D) blood transfusions.
E) passing feces into unsanitary water supplies.

Question 24

Unsaturated tails of lipids

A) are hydrophilic.
B) are stable and tend to break apart.
C) give the membrane a fluid quality.
D) will break whenever exposed to phosphate ions.
E) act as carriers.

Question 25

The cell membrane's mix of lipids and proteins is referred to as a

A) mixture.
B) mosaic.
C) compound.
D) complex.
E) suspension.

Question 26

The special functions performed by membranes are the result of

A) the number of layers of phospholipids present.
B) concentration gradients of the interior contents.
C) lipids embedded in the protein layer.
D) steroids.
E) proteins in the lipid bilayer.

Question 27

How many DNA molecules are found in a human cell?

A) 1,000
B) 46
C) 100
D) 150
E) 10,000

Question 28

The membrane proteins responsible for distinguishing "self" from "nonself" are which of the following?

A) channel
B) recognition
C) receptor
D) carrier
E) mosaic

Question 29

Approximately how many people exposed to cholera bacteria actually become ill?

A) one in ten
B) 100 in 500
C) three in five
D) 50 in 100
E) just about everybody

Question 30

How many cholera bacteria must be ingested in order to become ill?

A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 10,000,000
E) 100,000,000

Question 31

The type of microscope that uses two or more glass lenses to refract light in order to enlarge an image is a(n)

A) compound light microscope.
B) electron microscope.
C) transmission electron microscope.
D) scanning electron microscope.
E) scanning tunneling microscope.

Question 32

The type of microscope that uses a magnetic field as a "lens" to bend a stream of electrons that is focused into an image which is magnified is a

A) compound light microscope.
B) stereoscope.
C) transmission electron microscope.
D) scanning electron microscope.
E) scanning tunneling microscope.

Question 33

These are responsible for cell shape, internal organization, and movements.

A) ribosomes
B) cytoskeleton
C) vesicles
D) Golgi bodies
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

The proteins of the cell membrane are

A) enzymes.
B) channels through the membrane.
C) transporters that move substances across the membrane.
D) receptors.
E) all of these.

Question 35

Selective permeability of the cell membrane is controlled by

A) kinetic energy.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) lipids and proteins.
E) electrolytes.

Question 36

The cell membrane of animal cells contains which lipid not seen in plant cells?

A) phospholipid
B) glycolipid
C) unsaturated fats
D) cholesterol
E) fatty acids

Question 37

The type of microscope that directs a beam of electrons back and forth across a specimen thinly coated with metal is a

A) compound light microscope.
B) stereoscope.
C) transmission electron microscope.
D) scanning electron microscope.
E) scanning tunneling microscope.

Question 38

In places where the public sanitation is poor, people run the risk of getting

A) West Nile virus.
B) cholera.
C) SARS.
D) anthrax.
E) mononucleosis.

Question 39

The severe diarrhea associated with cholera is brought about by

A) an associated virus.
B) an enterotoxin.
C) an exotoxin.
D) a buildup of electrolytes.
E) retention of water.

Question 40

The type of microscope that magnifies an object up to 100 million times is a

A) compound light microscope.
B) stereoscope.
C) transmission electron microscope.
D) scanning electron microscope.
E) scanning tunneling microscope.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT true of the nuclear envelope?

A) single lipid bilayer
B) continuous with endoplasmic reticulum
C) possesses pores
D) controls passage into and out of nucleus
E) separates DNA from cytoplasm

Question 42

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions in which organ?

A) the liver
B) the pancreas
C) the spleen
D) the kidneys
E) skeletal muscle

Question 43

Chromosomes are visible only

A) as chromatin.
B) during cell division.
C) in eukaryotic cells.
D) within the nucleolus.
E) through the use of transmission electron microscopy.

Question 44

The organelle that "packages" and "ships" proteins for transport within and out of the cell is the

A) ribosome.
B) lysosome.
C) nucleolus.
D) Golgi body.
E) peroxisome.

Question 45

These are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth depending on the structure.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 46

Animal cells dismantle and dispose of intracellular waste materials by

A) using centrally located vacuoles.
B) several lysosomes fusing with vesicles that have formed at a cell's plasma membrane.
C) microvilli packaging and exporting the wastes.
D) mitochondrial breakdown of the wastes.
E) activating T cells.

Question 47

The organelle that resembles a "stack of pancakes" is the

A) ribosome.
B) lysosome.
C) nucleolus.
D) Golgi body.
E) peroxisome.

Question 48

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum inactivates certain drugs and harmful by-products of metabolism in which organ?

A) the liver
B) the pancreas
C) the spleen
D) the kidneys
E) skeletal muscle

Question 49

Peroxisomes would most likely be involved in the metabolism of

A) glucose.
B) alcohol.
C) white blood cells.
D) pesticides.
E) nucleoli.

Question 50

An organelle that is a flattened channel that begins at the nuclear envelope and snakes through the cytoplasm is the

A) Golgi body.
B) ribosome.
C) mitochondrion.
D) lysosome.
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 51

Vesicles for transporting proteins pinch off of which organelle?

A) the nucleus
B) the nucleolus
C) the Golgi body
D) the mitochondria
E) the cell membrane

Question 52

The organelle that degrades potentially harmful hydrogen peroxide to harmless substances is the

A) lysosome.
B) peroxisome.
C) mitochondrion.
D) endoplasmic reticula
E) Golgi body.

Question 53

New polypeptide chains for proteins are assembled on

A) Golgi bodies.
B) lysosomes.
C) ribosomes.
D) peroxisomes.
E) centrosomes.

Question 54

Many cells assemble lipids in the

A) Golgi bodies.
B) mitochondria.
C) chloroplasts.
D) ribosomes.
E) smooth endoplasmic reticula.

Question 55

These contain enzymes and are the main organelles of intracellular digestion.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 56

Threadlike bits of protein attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope serve to

A) assist in molecular transport through the membrane.
B) help the cell move
C) aid in passage of ribosomes out of the nucleus
D) anchor DNA molecules to the envelope and keep them organized.
E) Stabilize the nuclear envelope.

Question 57

Proteins that span both layers of the nuclear envelope function as

A) receptors.
B) transporters.
C) pores.
D) both receptors and pores.
E) receptors, transporters, and pores.

Question 58

Chromatin describes

A) only DNA.
B) DNA and RNA.
C) RNA only.
D) DNA and associated proteins.
E) proteins only in the nucleus.

Question 59

These are the primary cellular sites for the extraction of energy from organic compounds.

A) Golgi bodies
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticula

Question 60

Which organelles are produced by the nucleolus?

A) Golgi bodies
B) lysosomes
C) ribosomes
D) peroxisomes
E) centrosomes

Question 61

One of the reasons that most animal cells will not burst if too much water enters by osmosis is that

A) the cell wall will protect it.
B) most body cells selectively move solutes out.
C) carrier proteins will remove excess water.
D) solute molecules will resist water molecules.
E) salts will absorb the water.

Question 62

Structural features that spatially organize the interior of the cell are

A) plastids.
B) vacuoles.
C) microvilli.
D) nucleoli.
E) microtubules.

Question 63

For charged molecules, transport across the cell membrane is influenced by the concentration gradient and

A) the amount of ATP in the cell.
B) pore size.
C) the electric gradient.
D) extracellular fluid.
E) the size of the molecule.

Question 64

Organelles used to in cell division are the

A) cilia.
B) flagella.
C) centrioles.
D) microfilaments.
E) Golgi bodies.

Question 65

One of the reasons that most animal cells will not burst if too much water enters by osmosis is that

A) the cell wall will protect it.
B) the cytoplasm exerts pressure against the plasma membrane.
C) carrier proteins will remove excess water.
D) solute molecules will resist water molecules.
E) salts will absorb the water.

Question 66

A single-celled freshwater organism, such as a protistan, is transferred to salt water. Which of the following is likely to happen?

A) The cell bursts.
B) Salt is pumped out of the cell.
C) The cell shrinks.
D) Enzymes flow out of the cell.
E) The cell will fuse with a lysosome.

Question 67

The "powerhouse" of the cell is the

A) mitochondrion.
B) Golgi body.
C) nucleus.
D) ribosome.
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 68

The movement of water through a membrane is dependent on

A) the concentration of solute.
B) channel proteins.
C) the extent of packing of the phospholipids.
D) active transport.
E) endocytosis.

Question 69

In the mitochondrion's outer membrane, enzymes and other proteins stockpile which ions?

A) oxygen
B) calcium
C) hydrogen
D) sodium
E) potassium

Question 70

A 9+2 array refers to

A) microtubules.
B) Golgi bodies.
C) ribosomes.
D) cilia.
E) both microtubules and cilia.

Question 71

A red blood cell will swell and burst when placed in which of the following kinds of solution?

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic
D) hydrophobic.
E) hyperbaric.

Question 72

Intermediate filaments anchor the proteins actin and myosin that are involved in

A) muscle contraction.
B) digestion.
C) detoxification.
D) oxygen transport.
E) flagellar movement.

Question 73

The rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane will be lowest when the

A) differences in concentration on either side are the greatest.
B) temperature is raised to near boiling.
C) differences in concentration on either side are the least.
D) actions of active transport override diffusion.
E) inside is hypertonic to the outside.

Question 74

Which statement is true?

A) A cell placed in an isotonic solution will swell.
B) A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell.
C) A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will shrink.
D) A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will remain the same size.
E) A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will remain the same size.

Question 75

Energy stored in which of the following molecules is converted by mitochondria to a form usable by the cell?

A) water
B) organic compounds
C) NAD
D) ATP
E) carbon dioxide

Question 76

The reactions in the mitochondria cannot be completed without an ample supply of

A) carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen.
C) water.
D) hydrogen.
E) calcium.

Question 77

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from bacteria because

A) they both have cristae membranes.
B) mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) the shapes and sizes are exactly the same.
D) both are surrounded by a cell wall.
E) both can live independently.

Question 78

The organelle that is compared to a whip is a

A) microfilament.
B) basal body.
C) microvillus.
D) flagellum.
E) microtubule.

Question 79

The net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) laminar flow.
D) carrier moderated diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 80

The inner membrane of mitochondria folds back on itself to form

A) plastids.
B) cristae.
C) centrioles.
D) nucleoli.
E) microfilaments.