Deck 5: The Skeletal System

Question 1

The sturdy, two-layer membrane that covers bones is called the

A) pericardium.
B) perimycium.
C) periosteum.
D) pericomium.
E) pericilium.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Mature, living bone cells are called

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteolytes.
D) osteoclasts.
E) osteopores.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The embryonic skeleton consists of

A) bone and ligaments.
B) cartilage and tendons.
C) cartilage and membranes.
D) cartilage and ligaments.
E) bone and membranes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lacunae are

A) spaces inside a bone cell.
B) the places where marrow is located.
C) the location of the contractile units of muscle.
D) spaces within the matrix.
E) found only within cartilage.

Question 5

What forms a long bone's shaft and the outer part of its two ends?

A) spongy bone
B) periosteum
C) osteons
D) osteoblasts
E) compact bone

Question 6

Growth of long bones

A) follows the cartilage model.
B) occurs at both ends first, then in the middle.
C) is characterized by calcified cartilage replacing bone tissue.
D) is characterized by the absence of cartilage at both ends of the shaft.
E) is also called bone remodeling.

Question 7

Bone matrix is secreted by

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteolytes.
D) osteoclasts.
E) osteopores.

Question 8

Bones are important in balancing which mineral in the body?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) iron
D) magnesium
E) calcium

Question 9

The thin, circular layers of compact bone are called

A) osteoblasts.
B) epiphyseal plates.
C) osteoclasts.
D) osteons.
E) spicules.

Question 10

In the developing embryo, what precedes the formation of a long bone?

A) cartilage
B) collagen
C) periosteum
D) osteons
E) Haversian (central) canals

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be found inside a Haversian (central) canal?

A) bone cell
B) blood capillary
C) nerve
D) nutrients
E) wastes

Question 12

Where would you expect to find the epiphyses?

A) shaft of a bone
B) marrow cavity of bone
C) origin of a muscle
D) ends of long bones
E) sutures of the skull

Question 13

What prevents the epiphyseal plate from calcifying?

A) thyroid hormone
B) oxytocin
C) calcium channel blockers
D) human growth hormone
E) fat

Question 14

If some bleached bones found lying in the desert were carefully examined, which of the following would NOT be present?

A) osteocytes
B) Haversian (central) canals
C) calcium
D) marrow cavity
E) compact bone

Question 15

All but which of the following are associated with the formation of bone?

A) osteoblasts
B) cartilage
C) osteoporosis
D) marrow cavity formation
E) calcium

Question 16

What gives bones the strength to withstand mechanical stresses?

A) osteocytes
B) minerals
C) osteoblasts
D) matrix
E) collagen

Question 17

The breakdown of a joint's cartilage lining and the formation of bone spurs accompany which condition?

A) synovitis
B) bursitis
C) osteoarthritis
D) uveitis
E) phlebitis

Question 18

In a growing person, what separates the epiphysis from the bone shaft?

A) collagen
B) matrix
C) the epiphyseal plate
D) periosteum
E) osteons

Question 19

Each end of a long bone is called a(n)

A) diaphysis.
B) metaphysis.
C) osteons.
D) epiphysis.
E) lacuna.

Question 20

Haversian (central) canals are characteristic of which tissue?

A) adipose
B) bone
C) cartilage
D) epithelial
E) muscular

Question 21

Which of the following would NOT be a function of bone?

A) movement of the body
B) support
C) hormone secretion
D) mineral storage
E) blood cell formation

Question 22

How many bones are in the fully formed human skeleton?

A) 106
B) 206
C) 150
D) 256
E) 50

Question 23

When the blood level of calcium falls below normal, which hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium?

A) growth hormone
B) thyroid hormone
C) calcitonin
D) thyroid hormone
E) PTH

Question 24

At approximately what age does bone growth stop?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 16
D) 20
E) 28

Question 25

When the blood level of calcium rises too high, which hormone stimulates osteoblasts to deposit calcium into bone?

A) growth hormone
B) thyroid hormone
C) calcitonin
D) thyroid hormone
E) PTH

Question 26

Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the human skull?

A) iliac
B) frontal
C) ethmoid
D) occipital
E) temporal

Question 27

Bones in joints are connected by

A) ligaments.
B) cartilage.
C) tendons.
D) fibrocartilage discs.
E) latticework.

Question 28

Tendons connect

A) bones to bones.
B) bones to ligaments.
C) muscles to bones.
D) bones to cartilage.
E) muscles to ligaments.

Question 29

In spongy bone tissue the spaces are filled with

A) air.
B) blood.
C) cartilage.
D) marrow.
E) lymph.

Question 30

The human axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT the

A) skull.
B) ribs.
C) pectoral girdle.
D) sternum.
E) vertebral column.

Question 31

Air spaces lined with mucous membranes are called

A) foramen.
B) sinuses.
C) sulci.
D) tubercles.
E) meati.

Question 32

Which form of calcium is found in bones?

A) calcium citrate
B) calcium carbonate
C) calcium lactate
D) calcium bicarbonate
E) calcium phosphate

Question 33

Which statement is false?

A) Calcium is the most important mineral involved with bone tissue turnover.
B) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are involved with the reabsorption and repair of bones.
C) Bone mass decreases with age.
D) Males have greater problems with loss of bone tissue than females do.
E) Marrow fills the cavities in the spaces of the spongy bone and in the center of the shaft of the bone almost as quickly as the spaces are formed.

Question 34

The foramen magnum is a passageway for

A) nasal cavities.
B) eye sockets.
C) spinal cord.
D) Haversian (central) canals.
E) synovial fluid.

Question 35

Bone remodeling not only replaces old bone, but it also

A) maintains homeostasis of the blood level of calcium.
B) leads to osteoporosis.
C) decreases blood calcium levels.
D) causes activation of phagocytic white blood cells.
E) causes complete reshaping of bones.

Question 36

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by

A) excessive build up of bone calcium deposits.
B) hardening of the arteries in the bone.
C) loss of bone mass.
D) excessive rigidity of some bones.
E) curvature of the spine.

Question 37

Which factor may contribute to the development of osteoporosis?

A) calcium absorption
B) over-production of sex hormones
C) smoking
D) an active life style
E) puberty

Question 38

Ligaments are made of

A) elastic connective tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) fibrous connective tissue.
D) dense connective tissue.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 39

The effect of mechanical stress on a bone is to

A) make it weaker.
B) prompt the formation of new bone.
C) cause the development of osteoporosis.
D) reduce a bone's calcium content.
E) cause osteoarthritis.

Question 40

Which of the following are associated with the nasal cavity?

A) palatine bones
B) zygomatic bones
C) vomer bone
D) palatine bones and zygomatic bones
E) palatine bones and vomer bone

Question 41

The quantity 8 applies to which of these groupings?

A) tarsal bones
B) metacarpals
C) metatarsals
D) carpal bones
E) upper limbs

Question 42

Bones such as the humerus and femur are examples of which kind of bones?

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Question 43

Which bone is broken most often?

A) humerus
B) radius
C) ulna
D) clavicle
E) scapula

Question 44

The nasal septum is partially formed by the

A) palatine bone.
B) vomer bone.
C) maxillary bone.
D) nasal bone.
E) sphenoid bone.

Question 45

How many pairs of ribs do humans have?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12
E) 14

Question 46

The collarbone is the

A) hyoid.
B) patella.
C) scapula.
D) clavicle.
E) phalanx.

Question 47

The hard palate is formed by which bones?

A) palatine and vomer
B) palatine and ethmoid
C) maxillary and vomer
D) maxillary and zygomatic
E) maxillary and palatine

Question 48

The bone in the upper arm is the

A) radius.
B) ulna.
C) tibia.
D) humerus.
E) femur.

Question 49

Intervertebral discs are made of

A) fibrocartilage.
B) elastic cartilage.
C) hyaline cartilage.
D) tendon.
E) ligament.

Question 50

Intervertebral discs are made of

A) fibrocartilage.
B) bone.
C) fat.
D) tendon.
E) muscle.

Question 51

Cheekbones are formed by which bones?

A) maxillary
B) lacrimal
C) palatine
D) zygomatic
E) temporal

Question 52

The bone in the thigh is the

A) femur.
B) tibia.
C) fibula.
D) ulna.
E) scapula.

Question 53

Bones in fingers or toes are called

A) hyoid.
B) patella.
C) scapula.
D) clavicle.
E) phalanges.

Question 54

Which of the following are found in BOTH the pectoral and pelvic girdles?

A) tarsals
B) phalanges
C) carpals
D) coxals
E) metacarpals

Question 55

Which bone contains the foramen magnum?

A) maxillary
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) vomer
E) sphenoid

Question 56

The kneecap is the

A) hyoid.
B) patella.
C) scapula.
D) clavicle.
E) phalanx.

Question 57

The shoulder blade is the

A) hyoid.
B) patella.
C) scapula.
D) clavicle.
E) phalanx.

Question 58

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 12
D) 4
E) 15

Question 59

The clavicle is attached on its medial end to the

A) vertebrae.
B) sternum.
C) intervertebral disks.
D) sacrum.
E) coccyx.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

A) clavicle
B) scapula
C) fibula
D) ribs
E) patella

Question 61

Movement of the forearm so that the palm faces outward is called

A) supination.
B) pronation.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.
E) flexion.

Question 62

Moving a limb away from the body's midline is called

A) adduction.
B) circumduction
C) extension.
D) rotation
E) abduction.

Question 63

The largest bone in the body is the

A) femur.
B) humerus.
C) tibia.
D) fibula.
E) hipbone.

Question 64

The movement that increases the angle between two bones is called

A) supination.
B) pronation.
C) flexion.
D) extension.
E) adduction.

Question 65

Moving a limb towards the body's midline is called

A) adduction.
B) circumduction
C) extension.
D) rotation
E) abduction.

Question 66

The vertebral discs with small amounts of movement are examples of what kind of joints?

A) synovial
B) fibrous
C) cartilaginous
D) hinge
E) pivot

Question 67

Stretching and twisting a joint suddenly and too far causes a

A) strain.
B) fracture.
C) bruise.
D) dislocation.
E) sprain.

Question 68

Which of the following bones in the lower leg has no counterpart in the lower arm?

A) tibia
B) fibula
C) patella
D) tarsals
E) metatarsals

Question 69

Damage to the tendons that pass over the wrist causes

A) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
B) tarsal tunnel syndrome.
C) Pierre-Robin syndrome.
D) carpal tunnel syndrome.
E) Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Question 70

The words simple , complete , and compound are all used to describe

A) shapes of bones.
B) formation of bone architecture.
C) bone remodeling.
D) types of bone fractures.
E) kinds of joints.

Question 71

Which of the following types of joints allows the LEAST amount of movement?

A) fibrous
B) ball and socket
C) hingelike
D) synovial
E) cartilaginous

Question 72

The movement that reduces the angle between two bones is called

A) supination.
B) pronation.
C) flexion.
D) extension.
E) adduction.

Question 73

Which bone is your shin bone?

A) femur
B) fibula
C) tibia
D) patella
E) tarsal

Question 74

A small tear in a ligament is called a

A) strain.
B) fracture.
C) bruise.
D) dislocation.
E) sprain.

Question 75

The most common type of joint is the

A) cartilaginous joint.
B) fibrous joint.
C) suture.
D) synovial joint.
E) tooth in a socket.

Question 76

The nonmoving joints that hold the teeth in their sockets are examples of what kind of joints?

A) synovial
B) fibrous
C) cartilaginous
D) hinge
E) pivot

Question 77

Inflammation of the tendons in the wrist is called

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) carpal tunnel syndrome.
C) a sprain.
D) a prosthesis.
E) degenerative wrist disease.

Question 78

Movement of the forearm so that the palm faces to the rear is called

A) supination.
B) pronation.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.
E) flexion.

Question 79

Which of the following would NOT be considered a synovial joint?

A) hip bone to femur
B) elbow
C) joints between vertebrae
D) shoulder to upper arm
E) knee

Question 80

Arthritis is a condition in which

A) bones are unusually fragile and break easily.
B) the bone marrow does not develop properly.
C) there is an inflammation of the joints.
D) the epiphyses do not permit growth.
E) tendons are stretched.