Deck 12: Federalism: State and Community Elites

Question 1

Cooperative federalism describes the

A) clear division of governmental function between nation and states.
B) sharing of power between nation and states.
C) excessive conflict over power between nation and states.
D) reassertion of federal authority.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which baked good is used as a metaphor for cooperative federalism?

A) Layer cake
B) Jelly donut
C) Marble cake
D) Oatmeal cookie

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Decision making by subelites reduces national conflict by

A) promoting national standards.
B) keeping issues out of the national arena.
C) reducing accountability.
D) making elections cheaper.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The principal instrument of national power in states and communities is

A) the military industrial complex.
B) the federal grant-in-aid.
C) the Federal Emergency and Management Agency.
D) none of the above.

Question 5

The number of governments in the United States below the federal level is approximately

A) 2000.
B) 5000.
C) 10,000.
D) 86,000.

Question 6

Subelites are

A) federal government employees.
B) state and local government employees
C) state and local elites.
D) none of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a power reserved to the states?

A) The power to coin money
B) The power to tax
C) The power to control over property
D) The power to control over marriage and divorce laws

Question 8

Which level of government has the greatest level of mass confidence?

A) State & Local
B) National
C) Federal
D) International

Question 9

The ____________ guarantees the states considerable governing power.

A) elastic clause
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) necessary and proper clause
D) Tenth Amendment

Question 10

Over time, power has centralized in Washington owing to

A) a broad interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause.
B) the establishment of a national system of civil rights.
C) the growth of federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

Generally speaking, people have

A) more confidence in the federal government than in state and local government.
B) more confidence in the state and local governments than in the federal government.
C) equal confidence in the federal government and the state and local governments.
D) more confidence in both the federal government and state and local governments.

Question 12

Only the ________ has/have the power to amend the U.S. Constitution.

A) Supreme Court
B) states
C) Senate
D) original 13 states

Question 13

The federal government was granted the power to raise money through the income tax by the ______________ Amendment.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Sixteenth
D) Twenty-seventh

Question 14

The first major federal money grants to the states began

A) after the Great Depression.
B) with the 1960s Great Society programs.
C) shortly after enactment of the federal income tax.
D) with the Northwest Ordinance in 1787.

Question 15

An example of the role of states in the organization of the federal government is

A) the election of the president through the Electoral College
B) apportionment of U.S. House of Representatives districts.
C) its function in amending the Constitution.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 16

The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees _____________ to all persons.

A) due process
B) equal opportunity
C) habeas corpus
D) representation

Question 17

The limitations on government action found in the Bill of Rights was extended to the states with the

A) Bill of Rights.
B) First Amendment.
C) Fourteenth Amendment.
D) Equal Rights Act.

Question 18

The Constitution cannot be amended without the consent of

A) one-half of the states.
B) two-thirds of the states.
C) three-fourths of the states.
D) four-fifths of the states.

Question 19

The federal government expanded its control over states and communities through its financial power and the use of

A) subsidies.
B) grants-in-aid.
C) payments-in-kind.
D) fund transfers.

Question 20

In the nation's first hundred years, the relationship among the federal government and the states could be called

A) dual federalism.
B) co-federalism
C) great federalism
D) double federalism.

Question 21

The device by which citizens can directly alter the laws or the constitution of their state is called the

A) initiative.
B) referendum.
C) recall.
D) voting.

Question 22

Examples of populist political reforms include all but which of the following?

A) Direct election of U.S. Senators
B) Primary elections
C) Recall
D) The income tax

Question 23

Attracting investors in community growth requires which of the following?

A) Good transportation facilities
B) A capable work force
C) The provision of utilities
D) All of the above are true.

Question 24

Unlike older community elites, new elites tend to be

A) independent entrepreneurs.
B) local businessmen.
C) financially involved in the local economy.
D) party approved.

Question 25

President Reagan's plan for new federalism included the consolidation of categorical grants into

A) grants-in-kind.
B) loans.
C) block grants.
D) fund grants.

Question 26

An example of the reassertion of federalism in the courts is the case involving the

A) Safe Guns in Schools Act.
B) Brady Bunch Bill.
C) Violence Against Women Act.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 27

State and local elites are called_____________________.

Question 28

Community business elites have been weakened by a

A) nationalization of economic interests.
B) generational change.
C) high tax structure.
D) mass protest movement.

Question 29

Decision making by subelites in states and communities is known as ____________________.

Question 30

The "new political elites" seldom have a large financial stake in the community, aside from their homes and

A) they are not local business leaders or bankers.
B) they are not interested in economic growth.
C) they are often opposed to economic development.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of a federal mandate?

A) Clean Air Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) No Child Left Behind Act
D) All of the above are true.

Question 32

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

A) forced congress to balance the budget.
B) ordered the Congressional Budget Office to investigate waste and fraud in government.
C) ordered the Congressional Budget Office to calculate the costs of regulation to states.
D) forced the president to veto the bill.

Question 33

Under President Clinton, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996

A) limited corporate financing of elections.
B) granted greater responsibility to the states by allowing them broad flexibility in determining eligibility for cash aid.
C) ended the federal role in assistance to poor people.
D) resulted in higher inflation due to increase unemployment.

Question 34

Many state initiatives are not really started by "the people", but by special interests such as

A) unions.
B) government employees.
C) industry.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 35

Federal grants provide about ________of all state and local government revenue.

A) one-tenth
B) one-quarter
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

Question 36

New local political elites tend to emphasize __________ policies.

A) growth
B) no-growth
C) middle-class
D) economic

Question 37

"Growth-management" movements are

A) mass movements.
B) a reflection of the upper-middle class lifestyle.
C) opposed to boutique shops, fine restaurants, and green space.
D) none of the above.

Question 38

The powers exercised by the federal government under the Constitution are known as the ____________________ powers.

Question 39

Voters are less knowledgeable about __________ politics, though they can exercise more direct influence over its policies.

A) state and local
B) national
C) local, but not state
D) international

Question 40

The debate over President Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 involved

A) the question of whether Congress has the power to coerce states by threatening to withhold funds.
B) the question of whether Congress can treat states differently than other employers in regards to health insurance.
C) the question of whether Congress has the power to "make" people buy health insurance.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 41

The broad interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution came in the Supreme Court case of ____________________.

Question 42

The federal government uses ____________________ to provide funds to the states specifically for individual programs or projects.

Question 43

The ____________________ requires that U.S. Senators be directly elected by the voters, rather than chosen by state legislatures.

Question 44

The ____________________ case in 1985 marks the Supreme Court upholding a federal law that required state and local governments to obey federal wage and hour rules.

Question 45

The states maintained a considerable amount of governing power from the beginning, referred to as ____________________ powers.

Question 46

The right of Congress to regulate the production and distribution of goods and services for a national market is found under the ____________________ clause.

Question 47

The Eighteenth Amendment banned the manufacture and sale of ____________________ in the United States, forcing the federal government to regulate an area of life previously under the authority of the states.

Question 48

____________________ is the approach to government in which the people themselves initiate and decided policy questions by popular vote.

Question 49

Federal orders to state and local governments that do not provide funding for implementation are said to be ____________________.

Question 50

The greatest crisis in federalism in American history was the ____________________.

Question 51

The idea that there is no constitutional protection for state powers other than the states' role in electing federal officials has been labeled ____________________.

Question 52

Early in our nation's history, the relationship among the federal government and the states is called

Question 53

____________________ are direct orders to state and local governments to perform a particular activity or service to comply with federal laws.

Question 54

Civil rights are guaranteed to all persons under the ____________________ Amendment.

Question 55

President Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 is often referred to as _____________.

Question 56

By saying that every state shall be bound by the Constitution, Article VI asserts ____________________.

Question 57

The mixtures of power, funding, and responsibility that are needed to enact something like Welfare Reform Act can be called_________________ federalism.

Question 58

The California recall of Governor Gray Davis led to the subsequent election of ____________________.

Question 59

____________________ is the term applied to efforts to return power and responsibility to states and communities.

Question 60

The device by which voters can petition to have a proposed state constitutional amendment placed on the ballot for adoption or rejection is known as the____________________.

Question 61

State initiatives have generally reflected undemocratic mass attitudes rather than elite preferences.

Question 62

Growth was a shared elite value.

Question 63

Recall is usually initiated by the state legislature.

Question 64

Elites that do not have a large financial stake in the community, aside from their homes, are not a local business leader nor banker, and are opposed to economic development could be called part of the _____________________.

Question 65

In 2012, the failed attempt to recall Wisconsin governor Scott Walker became a nationally significant showdown over immigration.

Question 66

Potentially, masses can exercise more direct influence in state politics than in national politics.

Question 67

The Garcia case had the Supreme Court declaring that there were no constitutionally protected state powers.

Question 68

Most of the nation's economic resources are controlled by local institutions.

Question 69

Federal expansion took advantage of limited state and local revenue during the 1930s.

Question 70

Conan O'Brien donates money to Newark for each joke he makes about the city.

Question 71

Most states have provisions for referendum and initiative.

Question 72

In the first century of the republic, the dominant pattern of federal-state relations was delegated federalism.

Question 73

The states are the basic units in the organizational scheme of the national government.

Question 74

The U.S. Constitution allows for referenda but not initiatives.

Question 75

The Supreme Court ruled in 1999 that states are protected in their own courts from lawsuits in which private parties seek to enforce federal mandates.

Question 76

The Industrial Revolution created a national economy governable through state and local laws.

Question 77

In the period of cooperative federalism, Congress generally acknowledged it had no direct constitutional authority to regulate public health, safety, or welfare.

Question 78

The principal instrument of national power in states and communities is ____________.

Question 79

Over history, power in America has shifted from Washington to states and communities.

Question 80

The economic resource controlled by community elites is ____________________.