Deck 4: The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch, and Fiber

Question 1

What hormone brings down high levels of glucose in the blood?

A) Glycogen
B) Insulin
C) Diabetes
D) Adrenaline

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Fiber in our diet is important because it helps prevent all of the following except :

A) constipation.
B) hemorrhoids.
C) diverticulitis.
D) liver disease.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Maggie is shopping for a loaf of bread and sees the following terms on the label. Which term describes bread that is made using the most nutritious flour?

A) 100% wheat
B) Stone-ground
C) Whole
D) Seven-grain

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What are the two major kinds of complex carbohydrates?

A) Starch and sugar
B) Sugar and fiber
C) Fiber and glucose
D) Glucose and starch
E) Starch and fiber

Question 5

Which of the following is not a potential harmful effect of consuming too much fiber?

A) Dehydration
B) Limits the absorption of iron
C) Dental caries
D) Makes zinc unavailable for absorption

Question 6

Another name for low blood glucose is:

A) hyperglycemia.
B) depression.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) none of the above

Question 7

Starch is a:

A) complex carbohydrate.
B) simple carbohydrate.
C) fiber.
D) gluten.

Question 8

Jack is trying to choose foods that contain whole grains. He is comparing the two waffle labels shown in Figure 1. Which type of waffle would be the best purchase?

A) Waffle #1 contains whole-grain flour.
B) Waffle #2 contains whole-grain flour.
C) Both waffles contain whole grains.
D) Neither waffle contains whole grains.

Question 9

When a person is hungry and needs to replenish blood glucose, she or he should eat:

A) lots of sweets.
B) carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
C) carbohydrates and vitamins.
D) protein only.

Question 10

Eating too much sugar means getting too many:

A) proteins.
B) empty calories.
C) fatty acids.
D) complex carbohydrates.
E) minerals.

Question 11

The condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose is called:

A) lactose deficiency.
B) sugar allergy.
C) lactose intolerance.
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 12

Sam is interested in eating more whole grains. Which of these lunch options will not increase his whole-grain intake?

A) Ordering brown rice with his Chinese food
B) Eating baked potato chips in place of regular chips
C) Eating a low-fat apple bran muffin for dessert
D) Ordering mushroom barley soup for lunch

Question 13

Research has shown that chewing/eating which of these foods helps fight acid attacks on the teeth, hence reducing the risk of cavities?

A) Sugarless gum
B) Cheese
C) Pretzels
D) a and b only
E) b and c only

Question 14

If a person uses up his or her reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, sugar comes from the:

A) heart.
B) liver.
C) bloodstream.
D) muscle.

Question 15

Which of the following is not among the richest food sources of starch?

A) Grains
B) Fruits
C) Legumes
D) Tubers

Question 16

The body's main food energy source should be:

A) sweets.
B) protein.
C) fats.
D) carbohydrates.
E) vitamins.

Question 17

The fibers in foods are:

A) nourishing.
B) unhealthy.
C) not digestible.
D) unnecessary.
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which waffle could be labeled as a "whole-grain" product?

A) Waffle #1 only.
B) Waffle #2 only.
C) Both waffles.
D) Neither waffle.

Question 19

Complex carbohydrates come primarily from:

A) grains and dairy.
B) grains and vegetables.
C) fish and vegetables.
D) dairy and fruit.

Question 20

Which of the following is a usable part of a wheat kernel that is rich in fiber?

A) Bran
B) Germ
C) Endosperm
D) Husk

Question 21

All of the following are added back to refined grain products when they are enriched except :

A) iron.
B) fiber.
C) thiamin.
D) folic acid.

Question 22

A bowl of raisin bran contains the following amounts of carbohydrate: Starch: 13 grams
Sugar: 11 grams
Fiber: 4 grams
Total: 28 grams
How many carbohydrate calories will it provide to your body after digestion?

A) 112 cal
B) 100 cal
C) 96 cal
D) 11 cal
E) 76 cal

Question 23

Which of the following describes how soluble fiber in the diet may lower blood cholesterol levels?

A) Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the colon and carries it out of the body with feces.
B) Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the small intestine and carries it out of the body in urine.
C) Soluble fiber digests cholesterol in the colon.
D) Soluble fiber sends a signal to the liver to produce less cholesterol.

Question 24

From a health perspective, fruits are better sources of sucrose and fructose than table sugar because they:

A) contain higher concentrations of these carbohydrates per unit of weight.
B) also provide fats.
C) also provide protein.
D) also provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
E) provide these sugars in a more absorbable form than table sugar does.

Question 25

Benefits of eating whole grains include all the following except :

A) increased intake of hundreds of phytochemicals.
B) decreased insulin sensitivity.
C) increased intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
D) they can help with weight management.

Question 26

All of the following are examples of fiber except :

A) "strings" of celery.
B) the membranes separating orange segments.
C) the endosperm of a wheat kernel.
D) skins of corn kernels.

Question 27

Simple carbohydrates:

A) contain two or three sugar units.
B) include the monosaccharides.
C) include the polysaccharides.
D) provide 7 calories per gram

Question 28

When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form:

A) sucrose.
B) galactose.
C) lactose.
D) maltose.

Question 29

Which of the following is the only animal-derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrate?

A) Eggs
B) Beef
C) Milk
D) Poultry

Question 30

Disaccharides include:

A) galactose.
B) maltose.
C) glycogen.
D) fructose.

Question 31

Which food is not a major source of the type of fiber that lowers blood cholesterol?

A) Oat bran
B) Legumes
C) Wheat bran
D) Barley

Question 32

According to the Dietary Guidelines , how many of the grain servings you eat should be from whole-grain sources?

A) All
B) At least one-third (¹/₃)
C) At least one-half (¹/₂)
D) At least one-quarter (¹/₄)

Question 33

One of the most effective stool-softening fibers is found in:

A) wheat bran.
B) apples.
C) legumes.
D) oat bran.

Question 34

All of the following foods lower blood cholesterol levels except :

A) grapefruit.
B) broccoli.
C) carrots.
D) wheat bran cereals.

Question 35

The effects of fiber include all of the following except :

A) it promotes weight gain and a feeling of fullness.
B) it prevents constipation and appendicitis.
C) it reduces the risk of heart and artery disease.
D) it prevents hemorrhoids and diverticulosis.

Question 36

Which of the following simple carbohydrates is known as fruit sugar?

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose

Question 37

Which of the following grain products is the best choice for a whole-food diet?

A) Oatmeal-raisin cookies
B) Oat flour waffles
C) Oatmeal with raisins
D) Sweetened oat cereal

Question 38

The refining of wheat into white flour involves removing several parts of the kernel and retaining only the:

A) chaff.
B) endosperm.
C) bran.
D) germ.

Question 39

Which of the following compounds is a monosaccharide?

A) Sucrose
B) Fructose
C) Lactose
D) Cellulose

Question 40

Which of the following is mismatched with a major food source?

A) Fructose - peaches
B) Sucrose - candy bars
C) Maltose - sprouted seeds
D) Starch - strawberries

Question 41

Binders in some fibers chemically link to which of the following, making them unavailable for absorption?

A) Zinc and calcium
B) Vitamins C and D
C) Sugars and starches
D) B vitamins and vitamin C

Question 42

If Steven needs 2100 calories per day to maintain his weight, how many grams of total carbohydrate should he consume daily to meet DRI Committee recommendations?

A) At least 53 grams
B) 236-341 grams
C) 104-288 grams
D) 945-1365 grams

Question 43

Florence is a wise consumer who follows her personalized MyPlate eating plan carefully. Her daily limit for empty calories is small, and since she had a ham and cheddar cheese sandwich and chocolate pudding at lunch, she chooses _____ for dessert after dinner.

A) banana pudding
B) sandwich cookies
C) raisin-bran muffins
D) fresh pineapple

Question 44

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of _____ when _____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

A) fat; glucose
B) carbohydrate; fat
C) glucose; protein
D) protein; glucose

Question 45

All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia except :

A) weakness.
B) shaky muscles.
C) elevated heart rate.
D) mental sharpness.

Question 46

A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to eat a primarily _____, _____ diet.

A) whole-food; plant-based
B) high-protein; low-fat
C) enriched-food; varied
D) sugar-free; processed-food

Question 47

What value is choosing "good carbohydrates" with a low glycemic index? A) Foods with a low glycemic index have fewer calories per serving.
B) Foods with a low glycemic index have more soluble fiber.
C) Foods with a low glycemic index may digest more slowly and increase satiety.
D) Foods with a low glycemic index help diabetics regulate blood sugar.
E) b and d
F) c and d

Question 48

Which artificial sweetener is mismatched with its trade name?

A) Acesulfame K - Sunette
B) Sucralose - Equal
C) Saccharin - Sweet 'N Low
D) Saccharin - Sugar Twin

Question 49

Which of the following types of foods, if eaten alone, tends to have the highest glycemic index?

A) Refined grains
B) Legumes
C) Fruits
D) Whole grains

Question 50

Martha is always trying to avoid sugar and believes it is responsible for making her overweight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. Which of the following conditions is sugar actually the cause of?

A) Diabetes
B) Hyperactivity in children and some adults
C) Tooth decay
D) Heart disease
E) b and c

Question 51

All of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes except :

A) it is the most common type in the U.S.
B) it is associated with obesity.
C) it only affects adults.
D) losing weight can often normalize blood glucose levels.

Question 52

Janice just had a baby girl and has trouble getting her to sleep at night. She has started putting her to bed with a bottle of formula. Is this a good idea?

A) Yes, because now Janice can sleep all night.
B) No, because the baby doesn't need the extra calories.
C) No, because the carbohydrates in the formula will soak the teeth, causing cavities.
D) Yes, but she could also use sugar-flavored water or juices.

Question 53

Which of the following foods, if eaten alone, will most likely cause your blood sugar to spike rapidly?

A) Waffles
B) Sweet potatoes
C) Raisins
D) Banana

Question 54

When blood sugar levels rise, _____ is secreted, and when blood sugar levels fall, _____ is secreted.

A) glucagon, insulin
B) insulin, glycogen
C) insulin, glucagon
D) thyroxine, glycogen

Question 55

The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is:

A) fruit drinks.
B) cakes.
C) candy.
D) regular soft drinks.

Question 56

Sue is concerned about her children's teeth after their first dental checkups. Her 2 year old already has a cavity and her 4 year old needs to brush better. What else should Sue's children do to prevent tooth decay?

A) Only drink 100% fruit juices.
B) Eat candy only between meals and not with them.
C) Eat crackers and pretzels as snacks and not candy bars.
D) Rinse their mouths with water after eating.
E) b and d

Question 57

Why is type 2 diabetes affecting an increasing number of children and adolescents?

A) Because it is hereditary and their parents have it also.
B) Because they are eating more dairy than in the past.
C) Because they are becoming obese at an earlier age.
D) Because of low vaccination rates among poor people.

Question 58

Which organ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels?

A) Appendix
B) Pituitary gland
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 59

Which of the following conditions is not a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

A) Insulin resistance
B) High blood pressure
C) Abnormal blood lipids (fats)
D) Hyperthyroidism

Question 60

Which organ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen?

A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Appendix
D) Thyroid

Question 61

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He told his fiancée, Anna, and she is now very worried about Sam and determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet and now feel empowered to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned. Which of the following is correct concerning type 2 diabetes?

A) Its incidence is decreasing due to greater awareness.
B) It is less common than type 1 diabetes.
C) It is often reversed by losing weight.
D) Generally insulin injections are not required.
E) c and d are correct

Question 62

Many nutrition professionals recommend emphasizing "good carbohydrates" in the diet. What does this mean?

A) Choosing foods high in fiber but low in added sugars
B) Avoiding foods with a glycemic index above 70
C) Avoiding foods with a glycemic index below 55
D) Choosing small portions of low-calorie foods

Question 63

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. She sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low. Karen stops your hand and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal artificial sweetener gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning artificial sweeteners by answering the following questions: Recently Splenda has become a popular sugar substitute. What is considered its real advantage over other sweeteners?

A) It can be measured cup for cup like sugar.
B) It can be used safely by diabetics in place of sugar.
C) It is the only artificial sweetener stable at various temperatures.
D) It helps people lose weight when they use products that contain it.

Question 64

Mandy was too busy for lunch and needs a pick-me-up to help her remain alert during her two afternoon classes. Which snack would you recommend?

A) Half a ham and Swiss cheese sandwich on enriched bread
B) Fresh peach with low-fat yogurt and rolled-oat granola
C) Whole-wheat toast with trans fat-free margarine and jelly
D) Baked apple with brown sugar, cinnamon, and canola oil

Question 65

High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in:

A) tooth decay.
B) diarrhea.
C) increased blood cholesterol.
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 66

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He told his fiancée, Anna, and she is now very worried about Sam and determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet and now feel empowered to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned. What is the main problem that has resulted in Sam's type 2 diabetes?

A) Sam's kidneys don't excrete blood glucose efficiently.
B) A virus has triggered the destruction of pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
C) Sam's gallbladder fails to secrete bile when needed.
D) The cells in Sam's body do not respond to insulin secreted by his pancreas.
E) b and c

Question 67

_____ is absorbed into the blood and converted to _____ for use by the body's cells.

A) Starch; glycogen
B) Lactose; glycogen
C) Fructose; glucose
D) Sucrose; glucose

Question 68

Fletcher's dietary analysis reveals that he is deriving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?

A) 1 banana
B) ¹/₂ cup green grapes
C) 32 fl oz. root beer
D) 8 oz. orange juice

Question 69

How does a balanced meal help keep blood glucose from rising or dropping too quickly?

A) Soluble fibers slow down the rate of digestion so a steady stream of glucose is received
B) Protein provides a quick source of glucose for the body's cells
C) Protein stimulates insulin secretion, which prevents rapid glucose storage
D) Fats accelerate the rate of digestion so that glucose is more quickly received

Question 70

Where does stevia come from?

A) It is prepared by combining two amino acids
B) It is produced by modifying sucrose molecules
C) It is a derivative of aspartic acid and phenylalanine
D) It is derived from a plant native to Brazil and Paraguay

Question 71

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He told his fiancée, Anna, and she is now very worried about Sam and determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet and now feel empowered to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned. Anne is still confused about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Which statement is characteristic of type 1 diabetes only?

A) It makes a person fatter.
B) Treatment always involves insulin injections.
C) It is also called hyperglycemia.
D) Genetics may be a risk factor.
E) Its incidence is increasing in the U.S.

Question 72

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. She sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low. Karen stops your hand and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal artificial sweetener gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning artificial sweeteners by answering the following questions: Which of the following is incorrect regarding sugar alcohols?

A) They are often found in chewing gums and candies.
B) They have a constipating effect in some people.
C) They do not promote tooth decay like sugar does.
D) They add calories to a food product.
E) Examples are xylitol and mannitol.

Question 73

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. She sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low. Karen stops your hand and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal artificial sweetener gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning artificial sweeteners by answering the following questions: Which artificial sweetener should not be used by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A) Aspartame
B) Saccharin
C) Neotame
D) Sucralose
E) a and c

Question 74

The disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules is:

A) sucrose.
B) lactose.
C) maltose.
D) galactose.

Question 75

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. She sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low. Karen stops your hand and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal artificial sweetener gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning artificial sweeteners by answering the following questions: Although some studies in the past may have found that saccharin can cause bladder cancer in lab rats, why would it be considered safe today to continue using it?

A) The research used extremely high doses of saccharin that are not relevant for humans.
B) What occurs in rats might not occur in humans.
C) The American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs has stated that saccharin is not associated with increased risk of bladder cancer.
D) There are known hazards that are more important to avoid if you want to reduce your risk of cancer.
E) All of the above are valid comments.

Question 76

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. She sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low. Karen stops your hand and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal artificial sweetener gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning artificial sweeteners by answering the following questions: Which artificial sweetener is a derivative of sucrose?

A) Aspartame
B) Saccharin
C) Neotame
D) Sucralose
E) a and c

Question 77

Within a wheat kernel is a soft, white portion containing starch and protein called the:

A) kernel.
B) husk.
C) endosperm.
D) germ.
E) chaff.

Question 78

Eunice is a 60-year-old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the Dietary Guidelines . What would be the best change for her to make?

A) Increase her intake of non-fat milk and yogurt
B) Choose white rice or scalloped potatoes instead of beans to go with dinner
C) Eat pretzels made from wheat flour instead of fruit with her lunch
D) Replace her morning enriched-flour croissant with a whole-wheat bagel

Question 79

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He told his fiancée, Anna, and she is now very worried about Sam and determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet and now feel empowered to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned. What type of diet should Sam begin to eat?

A) A high-protein diet
B) A high-complex carbohydrate diet
C) A low-monounsaturated fat diet
D) A low-carbohydrate diet

Question 80

When "_____" appears in the ingredients list, this means the food contains added sugars.

A) pectin
B) hemicellulose
C) fruit puree
D) fruit juice concentrate