Deck 3: Alcohol and Other Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?​

A)​Illegal drug use is most common in the Middle East.
B)​Marijuana is illegal everywhere in the world.
C)​Rates of smoking have declined over the years.
D)​Women are more likely to smoke than men.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Alcohol is least likely to be consumed in

A)the United States.
B)Europe.
C)the Middle East.
D)Australia.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Great Britain historically used a ____________, seeing drug abuse as a psychological disorder.

A)medical model of drug use
B)zero-tolerance policy toward drug use
C)supply reduction strategy toward drugs
D)"war on drugs" approach

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How is the term "drug" used sociologically?

A)A chemical substance that alters the structure or functioning of a living organism when it enters the bloodstream.
B)A chemical substance that positively or negatively affects the immune system of the human body.
C)A chemical substance that has a direct effect on the user's physical, psychological, and/or intellectual functioning.
D)A chemical substance that is physically addictive.

Question 5

Anomie explains drug abuse at the individual level by

A)the ability of those in power to define a person's use of a particular drug as drug abuse.
B)the process by which a drug abuser becomes labeled as immoral or criminal.
C)learning from associates to define the ingestion of a particular drug as pleasurable.
D)feelings of estrangement and turmoil over appropriate or inappropriate behaviors.

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to a condition of compulsive drug use?​

A)Chemical dependency
B)​Drug abuse
C)​Illicit drug use
D)Illegal drug use

Question 7

Which of the following distinguishes physical from psychological dependency?

A)Chemical dependency
B)Drug addiction
C)Withdrawal symptoms
D)Legality

Question 8

The structural-functional perspective is more likely than the conflict or symbolic interactionist perspective to view drug abuse as

A)due to the weakening of norms in society.
B)a response to the inequality perpetuated by the capitalist system.
C)learned through interaction in small groups.
D)the consequence of a psychological predisposition to experience pleasure from drugs.

Question 9

Which of these statements reflects the pharmacological use of the term "drug?"

A)A substance that alters the structure or functioning of a living organism when it enters the bloodstream
B)Something that positively or negatively affects the immune system of the human body
C)Anything that has a direct effect on the user's physical, psychological, and/or intellectual functioning
D)A substance that is physically addictive

Question 10

An example of anomie at the societal level that could lead to increased drug and alcohol consumption is

A)an adolescent whose parents are experiencing divorce.
B)estrangement from work, family and friends as a result of oppression.
C)inconsistencies in media messages regarding drug and alcohol use.
D)manipulation of symbols for political and economic means.

Question 11

Over half of Americans believe _____________ should be legal.

A)cocaine
B)marijuana
C)opium
D)methamphetamine

Question 12

Which of the following is considered drug abuse?

A)Drug use that does not violate acceptable social standards
B)Drug use that results in an altered state of being
C)Drug use that leads to arrest, divorce, or hospitalization
D)Drug use that occurs on an infrequent basis

Question 13

In the Netherlands, the use of such drugs as marijuana and hashish

A)is viewed as a moral sin but not an illegal act.
B)is treated as a health issue, not a crime issue.
C)is prosecuted as a criminal misdemeanor, not a felony offense.
D)carries a penalty of life in prison.

Question 14

Worldwide, eighty percent of the people who smoke cigarettes are from

A)the United States.
B)the Middle East.
C)high income countries.
D)low and middle income countries.

Question 15

The most widely used illegal drug worldwide is

A)cocaine.
B)cannabis.
C)amphetamines.
D)opium.

Question 16

Which of the following drugs was legally available in the United States in the 1800s and early 1900s?

A)Rohypnol
B)Ecstasy
C)Meth
D)Opium

Question 17

Which of the following conditions might produce anomie at the individual level?​

A)​Conflicting messages about drugs in the media
B)​An adolescent experiencing her parents' divorce
C)​An adolescent being pressured by peers to try drugs
D)Drug use as part of a cultural tradition

Question 18

In Great Britain today,

A)marijuana is viewed as a more dangerous drug than alcohol or tobacco.
B)drug use is treated more harshly than it is in the United States.
C)heroin and cocaine are legally available for recreational use.
D)officials are thinking of returning to a medical model of drug treatment rather than punishment.

Question 19

Using treatment and prevention strategies is a way of dealing with drug use from a(n)

A)interdiction approach.
B)medical model perspective.
C)"war on drugs" perspective.
D)penalty approach.

Question 20

Alcohol use and smoking among secondary school student _____________ over the past two decades.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)stayed the same
D)fluctuated dramatically

Question 21

Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with the effects of labels like "crackhead"?

A)Feminist
B)Functionalist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Conflict

Question 22

The most widely used and abused drug in America is

A)tobacco.
B)marijuana.
C)alcohol.
D)heroin.

Question 23

How would conflict theorists explain differences in sentencing between crack and cocaine possession?

A)People of the upper classes are more likely to use cocaine and have access to lawmaking power.
B)Crack is more dangerous than cocaine.
C)More people use crack than cocaine.
D)Cocaine is a part of our culture.

Question 24

_______________ theories propose that some individuals are predisposed to drug abuse.

A)Conflict
B)Symbolic interaction
C)Biological
D)Psychological

Question 25

Research suggests males are more likely than females to drink heavily because of

A)genetic factors.
B)socialization.
C)likelihood of arrest.
D)personality type.

Question 26

Individuals who are poor and minorities may abuse drugs as a result of alienation from society due to unpleasant and low-paying jobs. This illustrates which of the following types of sociological explanations?

A)Structural-functionalist
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Biological

Question 27

Which theoretical perspective suggests that the criminalization of substances follows a pattern of social control of the powerless, political opponents, and/or minorities?​

A)​Structural-functional
B)Conflict
C)​Symbolic interaction
D)Social pathology

Question 28

Which of the following is a manifestation of a "new temperance" movement in the United States?

A)Mandatory sentences for illicit drug use
B)Legalization of medical marijuana in some states
C)Harsher penalties for crack than cocaine abuse
D)Federally mandated 21-year-old drinking laws

Question 29

The criminalization of opium use in the United States can be traced to which of the following?

A)The high rate of birth defects linked to the use of opium by pregnant women
B)The high rate of death among laborers who used opium while building U. S. railroads
C)The use of opium among Chinese immigrant laborers, who threatened white jobs
D)The fear that white American youth would learn the techniques and motivations to use opium

Question 30

Many have argued that alcohol prohibition in 1920 was

A)highly supported by the American population.
B)a "moral crusade" against immigrant groups.
C)modeled after a highly effective program in Canada.
D)highly effective at reducing alcohol consumption.

Question 31

The theoretical perspective that emphasizes that symbols can be manipulated and used for political and economic agendas is

A)structural-functionalism.
B)conflict.
C)symbolic interactionism.
D)postmodernism.

Question 32

According to psychological theories of drug use, who is most susceptible to drug use?

A)Those who feel they are invulnerable to stress
B)Those who experience life as "too easy"
C)Wealthier people
D)Victims of child abuse

Question 33

The popular DARE program was redesigned in 2009 because

A)it was found to be unconstitutional.
B)it was not effective in reducing drug use.
C)it was misused by the police.
D)it benefited only the wealthier kids.

Question 34

If an individual internalizes the label of a drug user, she is likely to

A)quit using drugs of any kind.
B)seek treatment for drug abuse.
C)substitute legal for illegal drugs.
D)continue and sometimes escalate drug use.

Question 35

Biological research on alcohol abuse has focused on the influence of ________ on alcohol addiction.

A)stress
B)physical body type
C)blood type
D)genetics

Question 36

Which of the following is most likely to illustrate a psychological explanation of drug abuse?

A)Feelings of alienation from society
B)Inconsistent cultural norms
C)A personality type that is prone to anxiety
D)The positive labeling of drug use

Question 37

Becker (1966)studied how marijuana users learn to ingest and enjoy the effects of marijuana. This study fits which theoretical perspective?​

A)Symbolic interaction
B)Conflict
C)Structural-functional
D)​Social pathology

Question 38

The Department of Health and Human Services defines ___________ as those drinking 5 or more drinks per occasion on 5 or more days in a one-month period.

A)heavy drinkers
B)drunks
C)partiers
D)alcoholics

Question 39

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, people who use drugs do so because

A)they have learned to label the drug-using experience in positive terms.
B)they have a biological predisposition to drug addiction.
C)they have been exploited and alienated by a capitalistic society.
D)the society is in a state of anomie.

Question 40

According to the conflict perspective, alcohol is legal because it

A)is one of the safest drugs available.
B)is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability.
C)plays an important role in relieving social stress.
D)provides a pleasurable experience to people when they first try it.

Question 41

Research shows that

A)youth develop attitudes about smoking and tobacco at an early age.
B)smoking at young ages is relatively harmless.
C)despite concern, there is no evidence that tobacco  advertising creates increased demand.
D)there is not much that can be done to prevent youth from smoking.

Question 42

Which of the following is a psychotherapeutic drug?

A)Heroin
B)OxyContin
C)Marijuana
D)LSD

Question 43

To study the patterns of tobacco use researchers examined 125 scientific papers that included thousands of respondents worldwide. This is an example of ​

A)​longitudinal research.
B)​meta-analysis.
C)​time-lapsed analysis.
D)​interdependent research.

Question 44

Anti-cocaine sentiment in the United States emerged in the early 1900s in response to cocaine's heavy use among

A)pregnant women.
B)teenagers.
C)European immigrants.
D)urban blacks.

Question 45

Methamphetamine

A)is a central nervous system stimulant.
B)is not addictive.
C)is also called crack.
D)was not used or produced until the 21^st century.

Question 46

In the United States, users of illegal drugs are disproportionately

A)young, male and members of a minority group.
B)over the age of forty, male and white.
C)young, male and white.
D)female and members of a minority group.

Question 47

Tobacco advertisers have been found to target ______________ more than others.

A)minorities and women
B)college students
C)the wealthy
D)white men

Question 48

A drug that is believed to lead to the use of other drugs is referred to as a(n)

A)gateway drug.
B)starter kit.
C)club drug.
D)illicit drug.

Question 49

More than any other single substance, ________ led to the present war on drugs.

A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)methamphetamine

Question 50

Hashish

A)is processed from opium.
B)comes from the coca plant.
C)comes from the top of the marijuana plant.
D)is less potent than marijuana.

Question 51

The active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which in varying amounts can act as a sedative or a

A)club drug.
B)stimulant.
C)barbiturate.
D)hallucinogen.

Question 52

_________ is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world.

A)Marijuana
B)Opium
C)Heroin
D)Cocaine

Question 53

Which of the following substances was used in the original formula for coca-cola?

A)Methamphetamine
B)Marijuana
C)Cocaine
D)Opium

Question 54

The most common nonmedical use of psychotherapeutic drugs is for

A)tranquilizers.
B)pain relievers.
C)stimulants.
D)sedatives.

Question 55

Use of all tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco, cigars, pipe tobacco, and cigarettes, is highest for

A)white, non-Hispanics.
B)African Americans.
C)Hispanics.
D)Native Americans and Alaska Natives.

Question 56

____________ is a type of research that combines the results of several studies addressing a research question.​

A)​Meta-analysis
B)​Secondary research analysis
C)​Time-lapse analysis
D)​Organizational research

Question 57

In the current debate over the legalization of marijuana, many are concerned that it

A)could increase the death rate due to high levels of overdose.
B)is a gateway drug.
C)will be used in ordinary food and drink products.
D)will be used to facilitate sexual assault.

Question 58

Which of the following is the crystallized product made by boiling a mixture of baking soda, water, and cocaine?

A)MDMA
B)Methamphetamine
C)Hashish
D)Crack

Question 59

Cocaine

A)produces feelings of excitation and alertness.
B)is produced from the poppy plant.
C)is the most widely used illegal drug in North America.
D)use has increased in recent years.

Question 60

The effects of cocaine include

A)depression.
B)feelings of excitement.
C)hallucinations.
D)sluggishness.

Question 61

"Bath salts" are highly addictive

A)psychotherapeutic drugs.
B)synthetic stimulants.
C)hallucinogens.
D)opiates.

Question 62

Janie injects an illegal drug as a painkiller that is an opium derivative. Which drug does she use?​

A)​Cocaine
B)​Heroin
C)​Methamphetamine
D)​Marijuana

Question 63

Heroin is

A)an analgesic (painkiller).
B)a derivative of cocaine.
C)not physically addictive.
D)increasing in popularity among American high school youth.

Question 64

Some sociologists argue that drug use and crime may be linked because both are related to

A)mental disorders.
B)intelligence.
C)education.
D)poverty.

Question 65

Children who live with at least one parent in need of treatment for drug and alcohol dependency are more likely to

A)live in a conflict-free environment.
B)avoid a similar fate when they are adults.
C)be unaffected by the parent's behavior.
D)suffer physical illness.

Question 66

The most serious form of FASD is

A)neonatal abstinence syndrome.
B)caused by the use of e-cigarettes.
C)​fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)​caused by marijuana used during pregnancy.

Question 67

__________ is characterized by serious physical and mental handicaps as a result of maternal drinking during pregnancy.

A)Sudden infant death syndrome
B)Fetal alcohol syndrome
C)Infant gateway syndrome
D)Down syndrome

Question 68

In the U.S., most federal money spent on substance abuse goes toward

A)prevention.
B)regulation.
C)research.
D)repairing damages caused by abuse.

Question 69

__________ is the leading preventable cause of death and disease worldwide.

A)Alcohol use
B)Use of tobacco
C)Cocaine use
D)Heroin use

Question 70

The most common drug-related crime is

A)robbery.
B)driving while intoxicated.
C)burglary.
D)assault.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug use and crime?

A)Surveys of prisoners show that nearly two-thirds were under the influence of drugs when they committed their offense.
B)Experimental studies show that individuals are twelve times more likely to commit a crime when under the influence of drugs.
C)Sociologists disagree on whether drugs cause crime, criminal activity leads to drug involvement, or some other factor is related to crime and drug use.
D)A meta-analysis of research studies shows no relationship between drug use and crime.

Question 72

Illegal production of which of the following results in 5 to 6 pounds of toxic waste for every pound of the drug produced?​

A)​Ecstasy
B)​Methamphetamine
C)​Mescaline
D)Opium

Question 73

K2 and Spice are forms of synthetic​

A)​marijuana.
B)​hallucinogens.
C)​stimulants.
D)​opiates.

Question 74

Use of ________________ kills more people than AIDS, tuberculosis, or violence.​

A)​alcohol
B)cocaine
C)methamphetamine​
D)pharmaceutical drugs

Question 75

Which of the following is associated with parole violators' failure to complete drug treatment?

A)History of significant problems with their mother
B)No current sexual relationship
C)Short periods of incarceration
D)Being older in age

Question 76

Which of the following is a synthetic hallucinogen?

A)LSD
B)Marijuana
C)Peyote
D)Cocaine

Question 77

Children living with an addicted parent are

A)at risk for abuse.
B)unlikely to suffer ill effects.
C)mostly drug-free as adults.
D)affected socially but not academically.

Question 78

Children of alcoholics are

A)likely to suffer from mental health consequences that persist into adulthood.
B)likely to resist alcohol when they grow up.
C)usually happier than might be expected.
D)are unhappy as children but do not seem to suffer from long-term effects.

Question 79

Kylee's baby was born with serious mental and physical handicaps caused by Kylee's alcohol use. This baby has

A)​neonatal abstinence syndrome.
B)​fetal alcohol syndrome.
C)Huntington's Disease
D)​the baby blues.

Question 80

Which drug is called the "white horse?"

A)Cocaine
B)Inhalants
C)Heroin
D)Ecstasy