Deck 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

Question 1

What factors caused the thirteenth century to be a time of intolerance in medieval Europe? Which groups were singled out for attack and why?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What accounted for the frequent discords between popes and monarchs? Was there a universal cause of friction?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What does the inquisition suggest about the relationships between society, the Catholic Church as an institution, and political power?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How does the behavior of Saint Francis of Assisi exemplify a return to early Christian ideals of church organization and operation? What does his great popularity and veneration among ordinary Europeans indicate about popular religion in medieval times?

Question 5

What role did the church play in the development of early Russia?

Question 6

What were the key views of the Cathars? How and why did the Cathars come in conflict with the Catholic Church?

Question 7

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Thomas à Becket

Question 8

What were the chief spiritual aims of the Catholic mendicant orders? How did the means they chose to reach these spiritual goals affect European society and politics, especially in cities?

Question 9

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
common law

Question 10

Compare the political developments in France and England with those in the Holy Roman Empire and Italy. What similarities do you find? What differences do you find? What factors help to explain the differences?

Question 11

What challenges did the Roman Catholic Church face at the beginning of the eleventh century? How did church leaders respond to those challenges?

Question 12

The crusades have been called "successful failures." In your opinion, is this an accurate statement?

Question 13

What religious and non-religious motivations led to the Crusades?

Question 14

How would you account for the eventual victory of the Christian kingdoms in the reconquista ?

Question 15

What opportunities were there in medieval Europe for women to express their religiosity and spirituality?

Question 16

What was the role of monastic orders, old and new, in shaping the politics and culture of medieval Europe?

Question 17

The papacy underwent dramatic reforms and modifications in medieval times. How did the institution change at this time? What powers did it gain? What powers or influence did it lose?

Question 18

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
William and the Norman Conquest

Question 19

Explain the importance of the veneration of saints, the use of relics, and the act of pilgrimage for ordinary people in the High Middle Ages.

Question 20

Discuss how the church administration of the seven sacraments shaped the lives of ordinary Europeans from cradle to grave.

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
papal monarchy

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Estates-General

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Concordat of Worms

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Holy Roman Empire

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Frederick I Barbarossa

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Saladin and the Third Crusade

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
boyars

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Parliament

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
crusader states

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
abbey of Cluny

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Alexander Nevsky

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Holy Office/Inquisition

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
reconquista

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Teutonic Knights

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
crusade

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Seljuk Turks

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Dominicans

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Saint Francis of Assisi

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
King John and Magna Carta

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
sacraments

Question 41

Over which institution did Henry II of England struggle to exert control?

A)The courts
B)The church
C)Universities
D)Nobility
E)Merchants

Question 42

Which powerful and wealthy woman did Henry, Duke of Anjou, marry in 1152?

A)Eleanor of Aquitaine
B)Matilda of Touraine
C)Hildegard of Bingen
D)Catherine d' Medici
E)Catherine of Tours

Question 43

Under William of Normandy and his son Henry I, medieval England

A)saw its Anglo-Saxon institutions abolished and replaced by Norman ones.
B)was isolated from continental affairs.
C)developed a strong, centralized monarchy.
D)saw all of its land become part of the Norman family's demesne.
E)became a fief of France.

Question 44

The Magna Carta could best be described as

A)a promise to work to develop democratic institutions.
B)an affirmation of the traditional rights of barons.
C)a guarantee of religious freedom for all Englishmen.
D)a guarantee of civil rights for all Englishmen.
E)the first feminist legislation of King John's reign.

Question 45

By the end of the twelfth century, the northern half of Spain had

A)splintered into hundreds of principalities.
B)become the wealthiest region in Europe.
C)fallen into chaos.
D)been consolidated into Christian kingdoms.
E)come under Muslim rule.

Question 46

What best summarizes the policies and goals of William of Normandy in England?

A)He made few if any changes to existing conditions.
B)He eliminated all Anglo-Saxon institutions.
C)He created a strong, centralized monarchy.
D)He reduced England to poverty and ruin.
E)He enslaved of the people of England.

Question 47

What gave the English barons the excuse they needed to challenge the power of King John?

A)A sex scandal
B)A series of military defeats
C)Religious divisions
D)A peasant uprising
E)The threat of invasion by Spain

Question 48

The English Parliament emerged during the reign of

A)John.
B)Richard I.
C)Edward I.
D)Henry II.
E)William the Conqueror.

Question 49

Which statement best describes Spain at the end of the twelfth century?

A)It was free of Muslim control in the northern half of the country.
B)It was a fully united Christian kingdom.
C)It was once again completely under the control of the Muslims.
D)Spain was the most powerful nation in Europe.
E)It was ruled by the Valois dynasty of France.

Question 50

Which event led to the establishment of Parliament in England?

A)The popular demand of the people
B)The insistence of the nobles
C)The military victory over France
D)The old Celtic tradition of Druidic councils
E)The king's need to collect new taxes

Question 51

The three estates of the Estates General included the nobility, the townspeople, and the

A)army.
B)judiciary.
C)serfs.
D)clergy.
E)peasants.

Question 52

How did feudalism in England under William I differ from feudalism in most other countries?

A)He de-emphasized the role of knights.
B)He required all sub-vassals to swear allegiance to him.
C)He eliminated the obligation of homage.
D)He drastically reduced the size of fiefs.
E)He awarded manors only to members of his own family.

Question 53

After which battle in 1066 did William the Conqueror take over England?

A)Poitiers
B)Runnymede
C)Hastings
D)Bosworth Field
E)Agincourt

Question 54

The Christian offensive in Spain against the Muslims in the thirteenth century

A)brought an economic revival, especially for the Andalusian region.
B)saw a politically united Spain.
C)saw the king of Castile, Alfonso X, expel all Jews and Muslims.
D)left Granada the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula.
E)drove all of the Moors from Spain and back into Africa.

Question 55

The Domesday Book could best be described as

A)a law code.
B)a manual of chivalry.
C)a religious tract.
D)a king's diary.
E)an economic census.

Question 56

Which statement best describes the state of France when the rule of the Capetians began at the end of the tenth century?

A)France was the most powerful country in Europe.
B)The French king only controlled an area known as the Ile-de-France.
C)The French had just defeated the English in the Hundred Year's War.
D)Bordeaux was the French capital.
E)French Capet princes were the Kings of Jerusalem.

Question 57

The Capetian king who wrested control of several French territories from King John of England was

A)Louis VII.
B)Philip II.
C)Louis IX.
D)Philip IV.
E)Henry IV.

Question 58

The power of the Capetian monarchy was strengthened by the emergence of

A)a council for advice.
B)a chamber of accounts for finances.
C)the Parlement .
D)the Estates-General.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 59

The policy that Spanish Christian rulers followed during the reconquest in distributing lands, houses, and property of Muslims to Christians was known as

A)reconquista.
B)arrangemento.
C)parlemento
D)repartimiento.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 60

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Fourth Crusade

Question 61

What was the compromise agreement that resolved the Investiture Controversy in 1122?

A)Concordant of Rome
B)Concordant of Canossa
C)Concordant of Verdun
D)Concordant of Worms
E)Concordant of Cologne

Question 62

Which statement most closely describes conditions in Scandinavia by the twelfth century?

A)It remained largely pagan and resistant to European culture.
B)It contained the continent's most powerful nation, Sweden.
C)It entered into a period of relative peace within and between local kingdoms.
D)It had accepted Christianity through the agency of local kings who wished to better organize and govern their states.
E)It abandoned their marriage alliances with the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 63

With which of the following statements would Pope Gregory VII have agreed?

A)The pope's authority extended to all Christians.
B)Lay investiture was necessary for the church's survival.
C)Kings were absolute rulers in their own lands.
D)The pope was the bishop of Rome, no more and no less.
E)Holy Roman Emperors had the right to select the pope.

Question 64

What best describes Frederick II of Hohenstaufen's rule?

A)He allowed his kingdom to fall into chaos by leading military ventures in Italy.
B)He was considered incompetent by his contemporaries.
C)He was a brilliant scholar who wrote treatises on political philosophy.
D)He was perhaps the greatest military leader of the Middle Ages.
E)He led the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople.

Question 65

With which king did Gregory VII come into conflict with during the Investiture Controversy?

A)Henry IV
B)Henry II
C)Frederick I
D)William
E)Frederick II

Question 66

Which statement best characterizes the outcome of the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa?

A)Spanish Muslims achieved an important victory.
B)The Franks lost their last foothold in Spain.
C)A new Muslim kingdom was established in northern Spain.
D)The reconquista was completed.
E)Spanish Christians achieved an important victory.

Question 67

Russia's religious development led to a close affinity between Russian civilization and

A)Byzantine civilization.
B)western European civilization.
C)Mongol civilization.
D)Persian civilization.
E)Indian civilization.

Question 68

Who was the founder of the Mongol Empire?

A)Alexander Nevsky
B)Kublai Khan
C)Genghis Khan
D)Khanbaliq
E)Vladimir of Kiev

Question 69

Who was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962?

A)Frederick I
B)Charlemagne
C)Otto I
D)Louis the Bald
E)Frederick II

Question 70

Under which pope did the papacy reach its zenith of power in the thirteenth century?

A)Urban II
B)Pius III
C)Gregory VII
D)Boniface VIII
E)Innocent III

Question 71

In the first half of the eleventh century, Kievan society was dominated by

A)noble landowners.
B)Mongol overlords.
C)Byzantine aristocrats.
D)Roman Catholic bishops.
E)Tatar tribes.

Question 72

Frederick Barbarossa's defeat at Legnano in 1176, ended his attempt to control which area?

A)The principalities of the Rhineland
B)The Duchy of Burgundy
C)The towns in northern Italy
D)The Hanseatic towns in northern Germany
E)Parts of France

Question 73

In 1077 at Canossa, King Henry IV

A)received absolution and forgiveness after humbling himself before the pope.
B)demanded the pope give up the investiture fight.
C)killed Pope Gregory VII in a fit of rage.
D)voluntarily relinquished his claims to be emperor.
E)declared victory over the Hungarians.

Question 74

In the thirteenth century, the ____ conquered Russia.

A)Vikings
B)Huns
C)Swedes
D)Poles
E)Mongols

Question 75

What was primarily responsible for the centralization of the church during the twelfth century?

A)the diligent efforts of capable bishops
B)an efficient and well-organized papal curia
C)the influence of the monastic orders
D)a series of autocratic but efficient popes
E)weak kings and emperors throughout Europe

Question 76

What was the action of the medieval church that closed churches in a region or a country and that forbade the clergy from administering the sacraments to the populace?

A)Excommunication
B)An indulgence
C)A curia
D)The interdict
E)The investiture

Question 77

Pope Gregory VII

A)claimed that popes had the right to depose kings and emperors.
B)stated that popes should not be involved in the everyday activities of the church.
C)increased the Church's missionary activities to Russia and the east.
D)collected new taxes to finance building programs.
E)crawled in the snow and begged the forgiveness of Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 78

What was a consequence of the secularization of bishops and abbots in the Early Middle Ages?

A)The collapse of Christian worship in many places
B)Greater popular respect for the church
C)A decline in the execution of their spiritual duties weakening the moral authority of the church
D)Greater respect shown to the church and its officials by nobles
E)The revival of Arianism

Question 79

Cluny was

A)a commercial city in northern Italy.
B)the capital of Flanders.
C)the site where King John signed Magna Carta.
D)a cathedral school in Burgundy.
E)a Benedictine monastery in France.

Question 80

What issue was at stake in the Investiture Controversy?

A)The meaning of the communion sacrament
B)The nature of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity
C)Who could bestow a church position on a man
D)How church funds would be invested
E)How popes would be chosen