Deck 19: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

Question 1

What were the long-term causes of the French Revolution? Was the revolution inevitable? Could it have been avoided? Explain.

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
old order

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Was the American War of Independence truly revolutionary? Explain.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How did the French revolutionary government deal with the issue of slavery?

Question 5

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Bastille

Question 6

What were the most important weaknesses of Napoleon's empire?

Question 7

In what ways did Napoleon's policies repudiate the accomplishments of the French Revolution? In what ways did his policies strengthen the accomplishments of the French Revolution?

Question 8

How was France changed by the revolutionary events of 1789-1792? Who benefited the most from these changes?

Question 9

Compare and contrast Napoleon with the enlightened absolutists in eastern Europe. Was he more enlightened or more absolutist?

Question 10

What role did nationalism play in the fall of Napoleon?

Question 11

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
July 4, 1776

Question 12

What factors help to explain the Reign of Terror? Was the "terror" justified or did it demonstrate the excesses of revolutionary fervor?

Question 13

What events led to the formation of the National Assembly?

Question 14

What conditions facilitated Napoleon's rise to power?

Question 15

What led to the fall of Robespierre and the rise of the Directory?

Question 16

How did the Committee of Public Safety respond to the threat of foreign invasion?

Question 17

How did the French Revolution affect the roles of women in society? Did the Revolution and its consequences ultimately benefit or hurt female citizens? Did men win more out of this event than women? Why?

Question 18

What grievances caused the American Revolution, and how did they reflect Enlightenment attitudes? What impact did the conflict and its consequences have on Europe?

Question 19

How did Louis XVI respond to the revolutionary challenges to the Old Regime?

Question 20

Does Napoleon's military record, as described in the text, support or challenge assertions that he was the greatest general of all time? What were his biggest military successes, and what were his biggest military failures? Do the successes outweigh the failures in assessing his reputation? Why or why not?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Thermidorean Reaction

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Directory

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Jacobins

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Battle of Trafalgar

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Bill of Rights

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Olympe de Gouges

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Continental System

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Third Estate

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Tennis Court Oath

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the National Assembly

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Estates-General

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Civil Code

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Maximilien Robespierre

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
sans-culottes

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Toussaint L'Ouverture

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
nation in arms

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Concordat

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Constitution of 1789

Question 41

On July 4, 1776, delegates to the Second Continental Congress approved the

A)Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen.
B)Constitution.
C)Declaration of Independence.
D)Olive Branch Petition.
E)appointment of George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.

Question 42

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Grand Army

Question 43

Loyalists made up ____ percent of the American colonial population.

A)2 to 3
B)30 to 35
C)20 to 30
D)35 to 45
E)15 to 30

Question 44

The Third Estate was composed of all of the following EXCEPT

A)shopkeepers.
B)peasants.
C)the unemployed.
D)skilled craftsmen.
E)the lower aristocrats.

Question 45

Which factor played a significant role in the colonists winning their war for independence?

A)Generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France
B)The collapse of the English colonial system
C)Apathy of the English military
D)Flaws in the English mercantile system
E)The American's naval superiority

Question 46

The American Articles of Confederation created a

A)strong central government.
B)constitutional monarchy.
C)weak central government.
D)binding alliance between the United States and France.
E)free trade zone.

Question 47

What was the most immediate cause of the French Revolution?

A)The government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems
B)The threat of foreign invasion
C)The radical calls of the philosophes for reform
D)Louis XVI's rejection of the cahiers de doléances
E)Violent uprisings by the common people who were demanding political and economic equality

Question 48

On August 4, 1789, the National Assembly voted to abolish

A)the death penalty.
B)monarchial government.
C)aristocratic privileges.
D)slavery.
E)private property.

Question 49

Which group comprised the First Estate in France?

A)The nobility
B)The clergy
C)The peasants
D)The military

Question 50

Most Third Estate delegates to the Estates-General advocated

A)the return of serfdom.
B)a complete reworking of French law.
C)the abolition of private property.
D)the abolition of the Church.
E)constitutional government.

Question 51

The Bill of Rights ratified by the new United States guaranteed

A)freedom of religion.
B)a prohibition of against firearms except by soldiers and officers of justice.
C)the end of the slave trade but did not free slaves already in America.
D)trials managed only by trained, professional judges, educated with a university degree.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 52

The Estates-General opened ____ on May 5, 1789.

A)in Marseilles
B)at the Vatican
C)in Lyon
D)at Versailles
E)in Paris

Question 53

American victory in the War for Independence was secured by the British surrender at

A)Richmond.
B)Fallen Timber.
C)Fort McHenry.
D)Yorktown.
E)Saratoga.

Question 54

During the 1760s British policy makers sought to raise revenues from the American colonies for the purpose of

A)defraying costs of the British empire in India.
B)creating a new royal palace designed to rival Versailles.
C)contributing to Britain's extensive policies of poor relief.
D)building a new Mediterranean fleet.
E)paying for the expenses of the British army in its defense of the colonies.

Question 55

The American Revolution affected Europeans by

A)proving that military force was the final diplomatic authority.
B)ending colonial expansion around the world.
C)proving that the new United States was the most powerful nation.
D)proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically.
E)proving that the patriotic shedding of vast amounts of blood could bring revolutionary change.

Question 56

In the fifty years before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the French economy was

A)growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production.
B)stagnant due to foreign competition in industry and trade.
C)declining rapidly due to overuse of arable land.
D)ruined by the collapse of the textile industry.
E)entirely based upon agricultural production.

Question 57

Which group constituted a key conduit for "enlightened" American political and moral ideas back to Europe?

A)Returning British prisoners of war
B)French army and navy officers
C)European nobles returning from expeditions to the new American frontier
D)Missionary priests returning from evangelical campaigns deep in the U.S. back country
E)Official proclamations sent to the governments of Europe by George Washington

Question 58

By summoning the Estates-General in 1789, the government

A)showed its autocratic strength, since it possessed absolute control over the representatives.
B)was following its obligation for regular meetings of the traditional representative assembly.
C)was merely looking for a way to solve the immediate financial crisis.
D)indicated its intentions to launch a major reform of the French political system.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 59

What was the status of the French bourgeoisie and nobility by the eighteenth century?

A)They were growing further apart in social status.
B)They were increasingly less distinguishable from each other.
C)They rapidly lost social status to the third estate.
D)They were openly hostile with one another and frequently involved in street battles.
E)They were almost completely dominated by the clergy of the First Estate.

Question 60

What best describes the gathering of the Estates-General in 1789?

A)Louis XVI's parliamentary body often consulted the king.
B)It was in unanimous agreement that only radical changes could solve France's problems.
C)It was dominated by the first estate composed mostly of urban lawyers.
D)It was in unanimous agreement about the necessity of immediately creation a "National Assembly."
E)It was divided over the issue of voting by "orders" or by "head."

Question 61

In April 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared war on

A)the peasantry.
B)counter-revolutionaries.
C)England.
D)Austria.
E)monarchies everywhere.

Question 62

Which group comprised the largest segment of the Third Estate?

A)Skilled artisans
B)Merchants
C)Peasants
D)Professionals
E)Soldiers

Question 63

How did Louis XVI respond to the formation of the National Assembly?

A)He acknowledged its legitimacy.
B)He threatened to dissolve the Estates-General.
C)He arrested all Third Estate delegates.
D)He abdicated the throne.
E)He invited Britain to invade France.

Question 64

What group emerged as the most important radical element in French politics at the beginning of the French Revolution?

A)Bonapartists
B)Papists
C)Communards
D)Loyalists
E)Jacobins

Question 65

What did the deputies of the Third Estate promise to do in the Tennis Court Oath?

A)Abolish the fiscal privileges of the church and nobility.
B)Abolish the Estates-General.
C)Execute the king.
D)Ensure universal voting privileges for all French people.
E)Write a constitution.

Question 66

Who had the right to vote as stipulated in the French Constitution of 1791?

A)All men
B)All men and wealthy women
C)Male citizens who met a tax qualification
D)Male citizens with noble titles
E)All adults

Question 67

Who was the head of the Committee of Public Safety who presided over the terror in France in 1793 and 1794?

A)Babeuf
B)Sieyès
C)Robespierre
D)Marat
E)Saint-Just

Question 68

What did the National Convention do in September 1792?

A)It established a constitutional monarchy.
B)It abolished the monarchy and established a republic.
C)It voted to preserve the life of Louis XVI.
D)It was dismantled by Louis XVI.
E)It was immediately replaced by the Directory.

Question 69

Who was Olympe de Gouges?

A)She became the first female member of the National Assembly.
B)She attempted to kill Marie Antoinette after the queen said, "Let them eat cake."
C)She wrote The Declaration of the Rights of the Woman and the Female Citizen.
D)She was the ghost author of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
E)She was the mistress to Robespierre.

Question 70

Napoleon's Civil Code restored the legal power of

A)wives and daughters.
B)aristocrats and nobles.
C)fathers and husbands.
D)kings and bishops.
E)children and dependents.

Question 71

What did the National Assembly do in regard to the Catholic Church?

A)It left the institution alone.
B)It increased its power slightly in France.
C)It passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.
D)It abolished the faith in France.
E)It recognized the Catholic Church as France's only legal religion.

Question 72

In July and August 1789, the king's attempt to halt the Revolution was thwarted by

A)the betrayal of the monarchy by high clergymen.
B)the defection of key nobles of the sword to the rebels.
C)the intervention of armed commoners, especially in urban uprisings.
D)the outside influence of mercenary troops paid by the rebels.
E)the intervention of Britain, whose constitutional monarch seemed threatened by upheaval in France.

Question 73

Which royal fortress located in Paris was stormed by a mob on July 14, 1789, resulting in a wave of riots throughout France?

A)Chartres
B)St. Denis
C)The Bastille
D)The Louvre
E)The Tuileries

Question 74

What best describes the French Republic's army in the 1790s?

A)It received little backing from the home front.
B)It was small, but effective in battle.
C)It was fueled modern nationalism and was raised through total mobilization of the population.
D)It was totally defeated by foreign aristocratic forces.
E)It got weaker and smaller as the decade went by.

Question 75

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guarantee?

A)Free or affordable food for the poor
B)Equality under the law for all French men
C)Equality under the law for all French men and women
D)Equality for all regardless of race
E)The right to vote for all French men

Question 76

What was part of Napoleon's agreement with the Catholic Church?

A)The pope agreed to condemn all enemies of France.
B)Napoleon acknowledged his subservience to the Pope.
C)The pope was given the right to sue for lands confiscated during the Revolution.
D)Catholicism was recognized as the religion of the majority of French people.
E)Private citizens would return church property they had acquired during the Revolution.

Question 77

What was a key term of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

A)An absolute separation of church and state was to be established.
B)Priests were to be required to marry.
C)Bishops and priests were to be elected by the people.
D)The French government was to have veto power over papal decrees.
E)All French people were required to be Catholics.

Question 78

The French revolutionary slogan neatly evoking the ideals of the rebellion was

A)"Down with the aristocracy!"
B)"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!"
C)"Death to the king and queen!"
D)"Kill all priests and burn all churches!"
E)"The bourgeoisie will triumph!"

Question 79

What was true of the National Convention during the early stages of the "Radical Revolution"?

A)It was comprised primarily of professionals, like its predecessor, the National Assembly.
B)It successfully resisted the Parisians' radical attempts to control the Convention.
C)It favored ending the disastrous European war.
D)It failed to create any kind of large standing army.
E)It requested that Napoleon become dictator.

Question 80

What was the result of the controversy over voting by order versus voting by head in the Estates-General?

A)The nobles of the robe advocated voting by head.
B)The "lovers of liberty" effectively blocked voting by head.
C)The clergy called for the expulsion of the Third Estate from the Estates-General.
D)The Third Estate joined the Second Estate in abolishing the First Estate of the clergy.
E)The Third Estate responded by forming a "National Assembly."