Deck 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Question 1

What were the sources of discontent among the Catholic clergy on the eve of the Reformation? What were the manifestations of popular religious piety on the eve of the Reformation?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
justification

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
indulgences

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What impact did Reformation doctrines have on the family and popular religious practices?

Question 5

What were the contributions of the papacy, the Council of Trent, and the Jesuits on the revival of Catholicism?

Question 6

define the following term:
Thomas a Kempis' Imitation of Christ

Question 7

Compare and contrast the chief ideas of Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, and Lutheranism. What did they have in common? How were they different?

Question 8

define the following term:
Desiderius Erasmus

Question 9

define the following term:
pluralism

Question 10

Did matters of faith or matters of politics play a greater role in the establishment of Lutheranism in Germany?

Question 11

define the following term:
The Praise of Folly

Question 12

What was Luther's fundamental religious dilemma? Trace the development of this dilemma and how Luther solved it. How did Luther's religious ideas differ from those of Catholicism?

Question 13

define the following term:
Martin Luther

Question 14

What role did religion play in the wars of the sixteenth century?

Question 15

Examine the geographic spread of Protestant denominations and compare them to places of entrenched Catholicism. What can the maps teach you about the relative popularity of these religions?

Question 16

What was Christian humanism and how did it help prepare the way for the Protestant Reformation?

Question 17

define the following term:
Christian (northern Renaissance)humanism

Question 18

Discuss the chief ideas of Calvinism and show how they were similar to the ideas of Lutheranism. How did they vary from the ideas of Lutheranism? Why did Calvinism become the major international form of Protestantism?

Question 19

How did the English Reformation differ from the reformation in other countries? Be sure to mention specific monarchs and acts of Parliament.

Question 20

define the following term:
the sacraments

Question 21

define the following term:
Ulrich Zwingli

Question 22

define the following term:
Ninety-Five Theses

Question 23

define the following term:
the Protestant minister and family

Question 24

define the following term:
Peace of Augsburg

Question 25

define the following term:
transubstantiation

Question 26

define the following term:
Luther's three pamphlets

Question 27

define the following term:
Hapsburg-Valois Wars

Question 28

define the following term:
the Peasants' War, 1524

Question 29

define the following term:
Queen Mary I of England

Question 30

define the following term:
politiques

Question 31

define the following term:
Charles V

Question 32

define the following term:
Menno Simons

Question 33

define the following term:
Anabaptists

Question 34

define the following term:
Johann Tetzel

Question 35

define the following term:
Marburg Colloquy

Question 36

define the following term:
Pope Clement VII

Question 37

define the following term:
Act of Supremacy

Question 38

define the following term:
Book of Common Prayer

Question 39

define the following term:
the Edict of Worms

Question 40

define the following term:
Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 41

define the following term:
Jesuits

Question 42

define the following term:
Consistory

Question 43

define the following term:
predestination

Question 44

define the following term:
The Spiritual Exercises

Question 45

define the following term:
John Calvin

Question 46

define the following term:
Puritans

Question 47

define the following term:
Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes

Question 48

define the following term:
Council of Trent

Question 49

define the following term:
Huguenots

Question 50

define the following term:
the New World

Question 51

define the following term:
the Netherlands

Question 52

define the following term:
Ignatius Loyola

Question 53

define the following term:
Geneva

Question 54

define the following term:
Pope Paul III

Question 55

define the following term:
the Battle of Lepanto

Question 56

define the following term:
Philip II

Question 57

define the following term:
Elizabeth I

Question 58

define the following term:
Catholic Reformation

Question 59

define the following term:
Francis Xavier

Question 60

define the following term:
Edward VI

Question 61

The most important characteristic of northern Renaissance humanism was its

A)emphasis on worldly success.
B)championing of democracy.
C)rejection of the papacy.
D)commitment to universal literacy.
E)reform program.

Question 62

In Erasmus's view, which of these qualities is most important?

A)Personal happiness
B)Pleasure
C)Inner piety
D)Political power
E)Material wealth

Question 63

The practice of elite clergy holding multiple church offices at the same time was called

A)pluralism.
B)elitism.
C)absenteeism.
D)clericalism.
E)Hermeticism.

Question 64

What was the focus of Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church ?

A)He attacked the sacramental system of the church.
B)He outlined the doctrine of Luther in German.
C)He explained the Lutheran liturgy.
D)He attacked abuses of the Catholic clergy in north Africa.
E)He justified transubstantiation.

Question 65

Which event precipitated Luther's break with the church?

A)The Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of Purgatory for salvation
B)The increase of Papal taxes on the German peasantry
C)Widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks
D)The declaration that the German clergy must pay taxes
E)The papacy's threat to remove the German emperor

Question 66

What was Luther's view of the sacraments of the Catholic Church?

A)He accepted all seven.
B)He rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
C)He claimed marriage as the only true sacrament.
D)He eliminated extreme unction.
E)He eliminated only clerical celibacy.

Question 67

How did Erasmus differ from Luther?

A)Unlike Luther, Erasmus believed that the end of days was near.
B)Unlike Erasmus, Luther believed in political equality for all.
C)Unlike Luther, Erasmus did not believe in Bible study.
D)Unlike Luther, Erasmus did not want to dismantle the Catholic Church.
E)Unlike Erasmus, Luther did not want to dismantle the Catholic Church.

Question 68

What was true of the newly established Lutheran churches?

A)They mirrored the organization of the Catholic Church.
B)They were state-dominated.
C)They had more female than male members.
D)They were most successful in southern Europe.
E)They only appealed to city dwellers.

Question 69

Luther's religious crisis came to a head over which increasingly popular belief?

A)The Bible had passages that were contradictory.
B)Even with its flaws, the Catholic Church remained legitimate.
C)No amount of good works could guarantee salvation.
D)If God is all-powerful, why should he care about humans?
E)There seemed to be no sure proof of God's existence.

Question 70

Which statement best describes the Peasants' War of 1524-1525?

A)It was led by a radical ex-follower of Luther, Philip Melanchthon.
B)It furthered the spread of Lutheranism throughout all of Europe.
C)It was praised by Luther as it destroyed the great Catholic princes of Germany.
D)It was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order.
E)It had no connection with any of Luther's ideas and beliefs.

Question 71

How did Luther respond to the German Peasants' War?

A)Luther called on the pope to intervene.
B)Luther offered to serve as a mediator.
C)Luther refused to take a side.
D)Luther supported the peasants against the lords.
E)Luther supported the lords against the peasants.

Question 72

To Luther, what was the only source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, other than justification?

A)The opinions of scholars
B)The decisions of church councils
C)The authority of the pope
D)The Bible
E)The authority of kings

Question 73

What was the main focus of the Edict of Worms?

A)It contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B)It expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C)It called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recant his "heresies."
D)It made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E)It led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.

Question 74

define the following term:
Spanish Armada

Question 75

Where did Erasmus begin his scholarly career?

A)A village school
B)A monastery
C)A royal court
D)A foreign embassy
E)A foreign colony

Question 76

What was Luther's most important accomplishment during the period in which he resided at the Wartburg Castle?

A)His translation of the New Testament into German
B)His pamphlets denouncing Charles V
C)His campaign to end slavery
D)His translation of the laws of Germany into English
E)His formation of an alliance with John Calvin

Question 77

The primary method of disseminating Luther's ideas was

A)the town crier.
B)gossip and rumor.
C)the state edict.
D)the printed word.
E)the sermon.

Question 78

Charles V ruled over an empire that included

A)northern Africa.
B)southern Italy.
C)Ireland.
D)Hungary.
E)northern France.

Question 79

In which statement did Luther focus on the church's abuse of the sale of indulgences?

A)The Ninety-Five Theses
B)His dissertation
C)Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
D)The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
E)On the Freedom of a Christian Man

Question 80

Which mystical movement downplayed dogma and emphasized following Jesus' teachings?

A)Augustinians
B)Jesuits
C)Modern Devotion
D)Beguines
E)Order of Erasmusites