Deck 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Question 1

define the following term:
cottage industry

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What role did the middle classes play in the process of industrialization? How did the rise of industrialization influence the nature of social classes?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How did technological advances lead to the advent of the factory system of manufacturing? Include some of the more important technological improvements in your answer, and state what changes they enabled.

Question 5

define the following term:
wrought iron

Question 6

define the following term:
James Hargreaves' spinning jenny

Question 7

How did industrialization affect social life, city life, family life, and standards of living?

Question 8

What point were the British trying to make with the Great Exhibition of 1851?

Question 9

define the following term:
coal

Question 10

What factors contributed to the industrialization of the United States in the nineteenth century?

Question 11

How did the process of industrialization on the continent differ from the process of industrialization in Britain?

Question 12

define the following term:
canals

Question 13

define the following term:
cotton industry

Question 14

define the following term:
hand-loom weavers

Question 15

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? What forces drove it? Explain.

Question 16

What were the goals of the Chartists? How successful were they in achieving these goals?

Question 17

What were working conditions like for factory workers in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 18

How did railroads accelerate the process of industrialization? Would industrialization have continued at a rapid pace if railroads developed more slowly?

Question 19

define the following term:
agricultural revolution

Question 20

define the following term:
pig iron

Question 21

define the following term:
Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 22

define the following term:
Ireland and the potato

Question 23

define the following term:
factory regulations

Question 24

define the following term:
suburbs

Question 25

define the following term:
railroads

Question 26

define the following term:
preindustrial workers

Question 27

define the following term:
the Great Famine

Question 28

define the following term:
James Watt and the steam engine

Question 29

define the following term:
industrial factory

Question 30

define the following term:
the factory

Question 31

define the following term:
steamboats

Question 32

define the following term:
charcoal

Question 33

define the following term:
puddling

Question 34

define the following term:
interchangeable parts

Question 35

define the following term:
Henry Cort

Question 36

define the following term:
Richard Trevithick

Question 37

define the following term:
Edmund Cartwright

Question 38

define the following term:
India's cotton cloth production

Question 39

define the following term:
the Crystal Palace

Question 40

define the following term:
George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 41

define the following term:
Samuel Smiles and Self-Help

Question 42

define the following term:
factory acts

Question 43

define the following term:
Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 44

define the following term:
Edwin Chadwick

Question 45

define the following term:
bourgeoisie

Question 46

define the following term:
the workhouse

Question 47

define the following term:
domestic servants

Question 48

define the following term:
the People's Charter

Question 49

define the following term:
the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 50

define the following term:
child labor

Question 51

define the following term:
the London Working Men's Association

Question 52

define the following term:
Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 53

define the following term:
capital

Question 54

define the following term:
Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 55

define the following term:
Luddites

Question 56

define the following term:
working class

Question 57

define the following term:
new industrial entrepreneurs

Question 58

define the following term:
the Poor Law of 1834

Question 59

define the following term:
Public Health Act

Question 60

define the following term:
trade unions

Question 61

What did Richard Trevithick pioneer in 1804?

A)An oil-fired locomotive
B)The steering wheel for trains
C)The first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line
D)The first electric-powered locomotive for military use
E)The motion-picture camera

Question 62

British exports ____ between 1660 and 1760.

A)fell by 80 percent
B)increased ten-fold
C)fell by 50 percent
D)quadrupled
E)doubled

Question 63

What was the name of the iron smelting process developed by Englishman Henry Cort?

A)Puddling
B)Cottling
C)Open hearth
D)Skimming
E)Corking

Question 64

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A)France
B)Belgium
C)Prussia
D)the United States
E)Great Britain

Question 65

By the late eighteenth century, Britain had

A)all but fully industrialized.
B)a declining population.
C)a ready supply of capital for investment in new enterprises.
D)a pressing desire to catch up to and surpass Prussia in the race to industrialize.
E)a fully democratic government in which all adult citizens could vote.

Question 66

How did the rise of the industrial factory system deeply affect the lives and status of workers?

A)They were often paid in kind.
B)They became wage laborers.
C)They were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D)They got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E)They became serfs, legally tied to factories.

Question 67

For which invention, vital to the Industrial Revolution, is James Watt known?

A)The spinning jenny
B)The mule-powered Newcomen engine
C)A rotary steam engine that could drive factory machines
D)The first steam-powered locomotive
E)The power loom

Question 68

Who invented the spinning jenny?

A)Richard Hargreaves
B)James Watts
C)Benjamin Franklin
D)Richard Arkwright
E)Matthew Boulton

Question 69

What allowed steam engines to be located away from rivers?

A)They were small and hence portable.
B)They could access water via irrigation channels.
C)They ran on coal.
D)They ran on oil.
E)They ran on electricity.

Question 70

As Britain produced cotton quickly and cheaply with the aid of steam engines, which country could no longer compete?

A)India
B)America
C)France
D)Algeria
E)Russia

Question 71

The ____ revolution helped produce the first Industrial Revolution in Britain.

A)diplomatic
B)American
C)French
D)agricultural
E)urban

Question 72

Factory workers had to ____ if their employers' enterprises were to be profitable.

A)live at the factory
B)eat on the job
C)forego wages
D)work well past the age of seventy
E)do given tasks quickly, efficiently, and repeatedly

Question 73

In which business segment did Britain's first step toward the Industrial Revolution occur?

A)Cotton textile industry
B)Wool textile industry
C)Iron industry
D)Railroad industry
E)Mining industry

Question 74

The Great Exhibition of 1851 showcased

A)the solidarity of the working classes.
B)France's sophistication and cultural leadership.
C)Britain's wealth.
D)the rapid industrialization of the United States.
E)the ideas of social reformers.

Question 75

Industrialization began in earnest on the European continent after

A)1870.
B)1735.
C)1750.
D)1850.
E)1815.

Question 76

By 1850, trains could reach speeds of ____ miles per hour.

A)50
B)20
C)125
D)80
E)170

Question 77

In the early eighteenth century, new methods of smelting ____ were devised using coke that was made by slowly burning coal.

A)bronze
B)silver
C)tin
D)copper
E)iron

Question 78

In the new factory system, workers - many of whom were formerly agricultural laborers - had to adjust to

A)urban environments.
B)taking orders from a boss.
C)standing on their feet all day.
D)working specific, regular hours.
E)being cooped up indoors.

Question 79

What was true of Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century?

A)It could not keep up with French textile production.
B)It was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C)It declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D)It immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E)It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 80

Upon which resource was Great Britain dependent for the success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution?

A)Timber
B)Coal
C)Water power
D)Electricity
E)Copper