Deck 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Question 1

define the following term:
agricultural revolution

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

How are changes in population growth and the development of urbanization related to the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
canals

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

Did industrialization bring an improved standard of living to the people of Europe? Why or why not?

Question 5

Discuss and trace the role of the factory in the early Industrial Revolution. What made the factory system possible? What impact did it have on the lives of workers, especially on women and children?

Question 6

define the following term:
James Hargreaves's spinning jenny

Question 7

define the following term:
the cottage system

Question 8

define the following term:
Industrial Revolution

Question 9

Did the Industrial Revolution create entirely new collective identities in the form of distinct classes? How did these classes differ from former social groupings?

Question 10

Did governments do more to promote the interests of workers or of employers during the Industrial Revolution, and why?

Question 11

Discus the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers?

Question 12

define the following term:
capital

Question 13

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

Question 14

Compare and contrast the patterns of industrialization in Continental Europe and the United States with that of Great Britain.

Question 15

define the following term:
Samuel Crompton's mule

Question 16

Who gained most from the early Industrial Revolution, and whose lives were most adversely affected? Why?

Question 17

What attitudes and lifestyle defined the new industrial middle class?

Question 18

define the following term:
hand-loom weavers

Question 19

define the following term:
Richard Arkwright's water frame

Question 20

define the following term:
cotton industry

Question 21

define the following term:
Henry Cort

Question 22

define the following term:
the American system

Question 23

define the following term:
coal and coke

Question 24

define the following term:
Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 25

define the following term:
George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 26

define the following term:
the Crystal Palace

Question 27

define the following term:
Richard Trevithick

Question 28

define the following term:
factory discipline

Question 29

define the following term:
industrial factory

Question 30

define the following term:
railroads

Question 31

define the following term:
steamboats

Question 32

define the following term:
the Great Famine

Question 33

define the following term:
Ireland and the potato

Question 34

define the following term:
the factory

Question 35

define the following term:
James Watt and the rotary engine

Question 36

define the following term:
tariffs

Question 37

define the following term:
joint-stock companies

Question 38

define the following term:
India's cotton cloth production

Question 39

define the following term:
puddling, pig iron, and wrought iron

Question 40

define the following term:
preindustrial workers

Question 41

define the following term:
suburbs

Question 42

define the following term:
working class

Question 43

define the following term:
Robert Owen

Question 44

define the following term:
the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

Question 45

define the following term:
the London Working Men's Association

Question 46

define the following term:
bourgeoisie

Question 47

define the following term:
the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 48

define the following term:
factory acts

Question 49

define the following term:
Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 50

define the following term:
new elites

Question 51

define the following term:
domestic servants

Question 52

define the following term:
Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 53

define the following term:
trade unions

Question 54

define the following term:
the Poor Law of 1834

Question 55

define the following term:
Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 56

define the following term:
Edwin Chadwick

Question 57

define the following term:
Luddites

Question 58

define the following term:
child labor

Question 59

define the following term:
cholera

Question 60

define the following term:
Chartism and the People's Charter

Question 61

Steam engines were powered by

A)gasoline.
B)iron.
C)coal.
D)oil.
E)all of the above.

Question 62

Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 was held

A)in Manchester.
B)at Kensington Palace.
C)in the newly built Crystal Palace.
D)at scattered locations across England and Wales.
E)at the Houses of Parliament.

Question 63

The first step toward the Industrial Revolution in Britain occurred within its

A)cotton textile industry.
B)wool textile industry.
C)iron industry.
D)railroad industry.
E)mining industry.

Question 64

Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?

A)Arkwright's spinning frame.
B)Hargreaves' spinning jenny.
C)Cartwright's power loom.
D)Compton's mule.
E)all of the above.

Question 65

The success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution made Britain dependent upon

A)timber.
B)coal.
C)water power.
D)electricity.
E)copper.

Question 66

The new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution

A)was rejected by evangelical religions as being "unchristian."
B)was basically a continuation from the cottage industry system.
C)was never adopted by the working class.
D)relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
E)was inspired by the examples of Belgium and France.

Question 67

The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers who now

A)were often paid in kind.
B)no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.
C)were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D)got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E)became serfs, legally tied to factories.

Question 68

The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following except

A)canals.
B)roads.
C)bridges.
D)internal customs posts.
E)railroads.

Question 69

The water frame spinning machine was invented by

A)James Hargreaves.
B)James Watts.
C)Benjamin Franklin.
D)Richard Arkwright.
E)Matthew Boulton.

Question 70

During the second half of the eighteenth century, the import of raw cotton into Britain

A)increased dramatically.
B)decreased dramatically.
C)remained largely unchanged.
D)increased slightly.
E)decreased slightly.

Question 71

Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century

A)could not keep up with French textile production.
B)was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C)declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D)immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E)was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 72

The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by

A)the urgent need to solve the great poverty in the eighteenth century.
B)the failure of the cottage industry.
C)entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.
D)the industrialization of the Dutch and French.
E)the economic and technological needs engendered by the French Revolution.

Question 73

A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline was

A)the promise of increased wages.
B)deportation to the colonies.
C)heavy fines for lost time.
D)lectures and schooling in the rules to parents.
E)repeated beatings.

Question 74

The Englishman Henry Cort was responsible for the process in iron smelting known as

A)puddling.
B)cottling.
C)the open hearth.
D)skimming.
E)corking.

Question 75

James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for his invention of

A)the spinning jenny.
B)the mule-powered Newcomen engine.
C)a rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton.
D)the first steam-powered locomotive.
E)the power loom.

Question 76

In 1804, Richard Trevithick pioneered

A)an oil-fired locomotive.
B)the steering wheel for trains.
C)the first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line.
D)the first electric-powered locomotive for military use.
E)the motion-picture camera.

Question 77

Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following except

A)a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.
B)the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century.
C)a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets.
D)Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.
E)a developed financial system.

Question 78

Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution began

A)before 1700.
B)between 1700 and 1750.
C)sometime after 1750.
D)shortly after 1800.
E)shortly before 1850.

Question 79

The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in

A)increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
B)increasing the size of markets and the price of goods.
C)bringing about the demise of joint-stock companies.
D)defeating Napoleon.
E)making London a great port city.

Question 80

define the following term:
the workhouse