Deck 35: India and Southeast Asia Under Colonial Rule

Question 1

Abdul Hamid is noted for having initiated an alignment between his empire and

A)Germany.
B)France.
C)Austria-Hungary.
D)Russia.
E)Britain.

Answer 1

Germany.

Question 2

Among all the Southeast Asian nations, which country was never colonized by Europeans and maintained its independence as a sovereign country?

A)India.
B)Sumatra.
C)Thailand.
D)Vietnam.
E)Burma.

Answer 2

Thailand.

Question 3

Which country was the first European power in India and Southeast Asia?

A)Spain.
B)France.
C)Germany.
D)Portugal.
E)Italy.

Answer 3

Portugal.

Question 4

How did the Mughal leaders respond in the 1600s to the arrival of the first Europeans, especially the British?

A)The Mughals rose up in armed rebellion against the intruders.
B)The Mughals converted the newcomers to Islam which reduced the possibility of conflict.
C)The Mughals thought the foreigners were a significant threat but could not do anything about it.
D)The Mughal paid no attention to the Europeans and concentrated on internal issues.
E)The Mughals settled into a comfortable trade relationship with the Europeans.

Question 5

The first Islamic state to attempt modernizing were the

A)Safavids
B)Ottomans
C)Mughals
D)Qajars
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 6

Defeats and losses of territory that took place in the early part of the 1700s convinced the grand viziers and Ottoman sultans that their best course of action was to

A)welcome the Europeans, thereby paying lip service to the outsiders but managing to secure their faith from interference.
B)immediately raise a new army and try to attack the Europeans unexpectedly.
C)dramatically reform Ottoman society so as to be more acceptable to the "invaders."
D)build up and improve their military structure, but modernize as conservatively as possible.
E)carry out reforms by bringing in European teachers and curriculum.

Question 7

Dar al-Harb is the Arabic word for

A)the community of God.
B)religious warriors.
C)merchants.
D)teaching of the imams.
E)unbelievers.

Question 8

Who were the sepoys?

A)Servants to the Raj.
B)1876 famine victims.
C)European-trained Indian troops.
D)Indian artists.
E)Europeans who went native.

Question 9

What was the intellectual, social, and philosophical basis for how the Europeans justified their actions towards the so-called native peoples in Asia and elsewhere?

A)They used Karl Marx's concepts of exploiting the successful capitalists to enrich the less productive members of society.
B)They used the pseudo-scientific application of Darwin's "survival of the fittest" concept regarding other races.
C)They used John Locke's concepts of liberty and free-will for determining the method of local rule.
D)They used Jean Jacques Rousseau's belief that society corrupted the young as an excuse to be paternalistic.
E)They used Thomas Jefferson's views on how to rule a large nation as a republic with democratic institutions.

Question 10

What did the term nawab refer to in India during the Mughal period?

A)Persian overlords.
B)European advisors.
C)Mughal local leaders.
D)Low-caste members.
E)Indian mercenaries.

Question 11

Sultan Abdul Aziz would best be described as

A)a liberal reformer.
B)a conservative who wanted to move slowly toward modernization.
C)a reactionary who tried to stop the reform movement.
D)independent and out of touch with the majority will.
E)a nationalist who Westernization would encourage nationalism.

Question 12

Which colonial power had oversight of Vietnam beginning in the last half of the 1800s?

A)The United States.
B)The Mughals.
C)The French.
D)The British.
E)The Japanese.

Question 13

What fundamental mistake did the British continue to make in their prosecution of the Afghanistan Wars?

A)The British were so afraid of the Afghan warriors that they were incapable of effective combat.
B)The Afghans had superior weapons and brought overwhelming firepower to bear on the British soldiers.
C)The Afghans were accustomed to the climate and the British soldiers could not adapt to the conditions.
D)The British severely and repeatedly underestimated their enemies overall capabilities.
E)The British were subverted and outmaneuvered by the Russians and finally gave up the fight.

Question 14

The Tanzimat would be an example of

A)Ottoman reforms.
B)Fundamental Islamic thinking.
C)Mughal religious policy.
D)Safavid political organization.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 15

Muhammad Ali Pasha's Egyptian reforms were modeled on what society?

A)French
B)British
C)American
D)German
E)Austrian

Question 16

After his experiences in the American Revolution, Lord Charles Cornwallis was put in charge of Indian possessions in 1786. What characterized his rule in India?

A)He dismissed corrupt officials and insisted Indian customs and religions were to be respected.
B)He strongly encouraged Christian missionary activity to weaken the nawabs.
C)He started an aggressive military campaign to crush local rulers and fought the Battle of Plassey.
D)He declared himself the Raj and tried to lead India to independence form Great Britain.
E)He was ineffective and accomplished very little as the British Governor of India.

Question 17

In 1807, an uprising of the ulama and the janissaries

A)deposed Selim and temporarily set back reforms.
B)brought Mahmud II to power.
C)brought on the Tanzimat Reforms.
D)ended in the Rose Chamber Rescript.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following was not a Muslim response to outside pressures in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A)Arab nationalism
B)open warfare
C)grudging acceptance
D)accommodation
E)Islamic fundamentalism

Question 19

One of the outcomes of the Great Mutiny of 1857 in India was a change in how the British ruled their colony. What was the governmental change that occurred?

A)In 1858 the British instituted the Indian National Congress to give the Indians more autonomy.
B)The British withdrew to the major urban areas along the coast and left the interior regions to the Indians.
C)The British established the Act of Abolition to eliminate, or at least reduce, cultural imperialism.
D)The British Prime Minister ended the British East India Company and instituted direct British government.
E)The British imported Afghan mercenaries to help control the Indian mutineers.

Question 20

In the 1800s, where did most of the 'The Great Game" occur in reference to British and Russian competition for ports and riches?

A)Southern India.
B)Afghanistan.
C)Persia.
D)Burma.
E)Vietnam.

Question 21

In the early 1900s, leaders of the Pan-Arab movement went into hiding temporarily after being persecuted by the secret police of

A)Sultan Abdul Hamid.
B)Muhammad Abdul.
C)Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.
D)Ibn Abd al-Wahhab.
E)Shah Muzaffar.

Question 22

35 Which of the following best describes the way most Indians felt toward the British "civilizing" policies?

A)Thankfulness
B)Resentment
C)Guilt
D)Regret
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 23

35 The Java War finally established Dutch sovereignty over

A)Vietnam.
B)Indonesia.
C)Polynesia.
D)Hawaii.
E)Korea.

Question 24

35 The British government ended company rule in India after which of the following?

A)The Great Mutiny of 1857.
B)The Act of Abolition.
C)The Afghanistan Wars.
D)The great famines.
E)The formation of the Indian National Congress.

Question 25

The Majlis was which of the following?

A)The military organization of the Muhals.
B)The moral law of most Islamic societies.
C)The prime minister in the Ottoman empire.
D)The Safavid representative in Europe.
E)The Iranian National Assembly.

Question 26

The concept of Pan-Arabism began to gain strength in the 19^th century, most often among Christians in

A)Egypt and Syria.
B)Sudan and Ethiopia.
C)Lebanon and Jordan.
D)Egypt and Lebanon.
E)Palestine and Egypt.

Question 27

35 For many years, beginning in the last half of the 1800s, Vietnam was under the colonial oversight of

A)Belgium.
B)the Dutch.
C)Britain.
D)France.
E)Spain.

Question 28

The Salafi movement took its name from a word that meant

A)true believers.
B)traditionalists.
C)eternal searchers.
D)rebels.
E)pious ancestors.

Question 29

Wahhabism emerged as a form of Islam whose adherents believed that

A)Islam was destined to overcome all the assaults against it, and with all Muslims coming together as brothers.
B)the only acceptable model for Islam is the primitive Islamic community as it existed in Mecca during Muhammad's time.
C)Islam could only continue to exist if its followers adhered strictly to the Qur'an and the oral traditions concerning Muhammad.
D)every person outside Arabia must be either converted or killed.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 30

35  In the years following French colonization there, Vietnam became a major exporter of

A)sugarcane and rubber.
B)rubber and rice.
C)sugarcane and tin.
D)cotton and rice.
E)sugarcane and cotton.

Question 31

The British in the Sudan had to overcome formidable opposition from

A)Mahdists.
B)Boers.
C)Zulus.
D)Bantu.
E)Hottentots.

Question 32

In Iran, the most important crop to the British was which of the following?

A)Tobacco
B)Opium
C)Coffee
D)Tea
E)Cotton

Question 33

Fundamentalist Muslims believe that the main task of the civil government is to

A)punish infidels.
B)protect the believers from persecution.
C)denounce violence.
D)establish Allah's kingdom on earth with "enforcers of obedience".
E)provide support for Muslim religious schools.

Question 34

35 All of the following are true of the Great Mutiny of 1857 EXCEPT

A)it had nothing to do with British expansion.
B)it was a sepoy revolt.
C)it reveals the ignorance of the British regarding Indian culture.
D)many atrocities were committed.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 35

35 The Act of Abolition benefitted which of the following most?

A)Indian men
B)British crown
C)Merchants
D)Missionaries
E)Indian women

Question 36

An important event took place in 1869 when

A)British businessmen first invested in Egypt.
B)Muhammad Ali came to power in Egypt.
C)the Suez Canal opened.
D)Egypt occupied the Sudan.
E)the Mahdist Rebellion began.

Question 37

35 One of the key reasons the British lost the Afghanistan Wars was because

A)the British rule in India was too harsh at the time for them to gain much support.
B)the climate was much too hot and humid for the soldiers.
C)the British underestimated their enemy.
D)the British had few weapons.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 38

35   The Great Game mostly took place in

A)Russia.
B)India.
C)Afghanistan.
D)Burma.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 39

35 Thailand's continuing independence is largely attributable to

A)the conflict between Vietnam and Burma.
B)the determination of the Thai people.
C)the protection afforded by the Qing emperors in China.
D)the desire of the Thai people to modernize their country.
E)the desire of Europeans for a buffer between their respective colonies.

Question 40

In more recent times, most Muslim ulama have

A)continued to ignore innovations.
B)spoken out against fundamentalism.
C)moved to integrate religious and civil affairs.
D)become more lenient.
E)advocated some degree of modernization.

Question 41

Zealots following the admonitions of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab captured ____________________ and ____________________ in 1803.

Question 42

35 The justification for French military intervention in Vietnam was officially

A)political.
B)religious.
C)economic.
D)scientific.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 43

35 The only Southeast Asian nation to remain independent was

A)Burma.
B)Vietnam.
C)Cambodia.
D)Philippines.
E)Thailand.

Question 44

To impress the Europeans, Muhammad Ali enlisted ____________________ to compose ____________________ for the opening of the Suez Canal.

Question 45

The British policy of requiring Indian peasant farmers to grow  ____________________ crops, such as tea and opium, pauperized these farmers and caused occasional severe famines.

Question 46

35 In Southeast Asia, the French colonial possessions were known collectively as the ____________________ of ____________________.

Question 47

As rector of the most renowned university in Egypt, ____________________ encouraged moderate reforms and some new subjects for their education.

Question 48

By the mid-1800s, Persia had for the most part been divided between ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 49

In the early nineteenth century, a generation of European administrator-scholars entered colonial careers. These administrators took a great interest in the  ____________________ and ____________________ of pre-colonial societies.

Question 50

Under Muhammad Ali Pasha, ____________________ played a major role in Egypt's modernization.

Question 51

35 The Java War

A)was a bloodless take over.
B)ended in a British victory.
C)established Dutch sovereignty over Indonesia.
D)allowed Raffles to build a base at Singapore.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 52

35 In Malaya, most of the migrants brought into work by the British were

A)Chinese.
B)Javanese.
C)Burmese.
D)Philippine.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 53

35 Sir Thomas Raffles was associated with which of the following?

A)Burma
B)Philippines
C)Vietnam
D)Singapore
E)Laos

Question 54

35 Most of island Southeast Asians followed which of the following?

A)Christianity
B)Islam
C)Buddhism
D)Hinduism
E)Jainism

Question 55

35 The "culture system" the Dutch implemented in Indonesia

A)brought a sense of calm and acceptance to the region.
B)used the Indonesians as extremely low wage labor and made huge profits for themselves.
C)failed after just a few years, because the Indonesians refused to work under those circumstances.
D)helped the Dutch transform their private commercial venture into a working colonial government.
E)helped the Dutch recover the islands' chief resources, tin and rubber.

Question 56

The leaders of Iran after the Safavid were known as the ____________________.

Question 57

35 One of the noteworthy results of British efforts to educate Indians was which of the following?

A)The British leaders learned more in Indian culture than Indian students learned of British culture.
B)Indians took European ideas to argue for independence.
C)Literacy rates actually declined.
D)The demand for British goods increased.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 58

35 Most of mainland Southeast Asians followed which of the following?

A)Christianity
B)Islam
C)Buddhism
D)Hinduism
E)Shinto

Question 59

Military problems worsened for the Ottoman Empire after the ____________________ were allowed to settle down in one place and marry.

Question 60

Mahmud II did away with the ____________________ corps, banned ____________________ brotherhoods and seized funds from the ulama.

Question 61

35 As a result of British agrarian policies in India, a major problem became severe ____________________.

Question 62

Term for identification: culture system

Question 63

Term for identification: Indian National Congress

Question 64

35 _ ___________________ founded Singapore for the British.

Question 65

35 Among the Southeast Asian nations, only ____________________ remained free of European colonization, and that was in part because the Europeans rather liked having a(n)____________________ between their respective colonies.

Question 66

35 The push in education produced the ____________________.

Question 67

35 The Great Mutiny of 1857 began in ____________________.

Question 68

Compare and contrast Islamic societies and their attempts at reform.

Question 69

Term for identification: Ram Mohun Roy

Question 70

Term for identification: Robert Clive

Question 71

Compare and contrast the various Southeast Asian areas and their experience with Europe. Include religious, economic, geographical, and social issues.

Question 72

Term for identification: Afghanistan Wars

Question 73

Term for identification: Great Indian Mutiny

Question 74

Term for identification: the Raj

Question 75

Term for identification: sepoys

Question 76

35 The Battle of ____________________ secured the British hold over the French in India.

Question 77

Term for identification: nawab

Question 78

Term for identification: Battle of Plassey

Question 79

Discuss the factors that led to British rule in India.

Question 80

35 The ____________________ were the Europeans who ended up in control of the East Indies, a matter pretty much decided by the ____________________.