Deck 36: European Imperialism and Africa During the Age of Industry

Question 1

Which of the following were the only two African countries to remain free from colonization?

A)Kenya and Somalia.
B)Ethiopia and Morocco.
C)Libya and Morocco.
D)Liberia and Ethiopia.
E)Kenya and Ethiopia.

Answer 1

Liberia and Ethiopia.

Question 2

Which of these was not commonly a part of Africans' "secondary resistance" to the Europeans?

A)It usually involved thousands of people.
B)People from various ethnic groups banded together for the cause.
C)People came from wide regions to join in the fight.
D)Prophets of spirit-possessed cults blessed the people, promising them safety and protection.
E)Openly practicing Christianity to gain concessions.

Answer 2

Openly practicing Christianity to gain concessions.

Question 3

Why were there essentially no large African markets for excess European industrial goods?

A)Africans resented European intrusion in their lives.
B)Most Africans had no use for modern products.
C)The Europeans only sent inferior goods to Africa.
D)The Africans never had adequate cash incomes to spend on consumer goods.
E)The costs of shipping goods to Africa proved to be too high.

Answer 3

The Africans never had adequate cash incomes to spend on consumer goods.

Question 4

Who is credited with coining the phrase "white man's burden"?

A)Teddy Roosevelt, a U.S. president.
B)Rudyard Kipling, a well-known writer.
C)Stanley Livingston, a famous explorer.
D)Mozell Friddell, an Anti-Slavery movement leader.
E)Neville Chamberlain, a prime minister.

Question 5

After European colonization, prestige in African villages shifted to

A)individuals from respected lineages.
B)those who accommodated the Europeans.
C)those who acquired wealth.
D)families which controlled land.
E)those owning large herds of cattle.

Question 6

It could most accurately be stated of the European states during the colonial era in Africa that

A)Germany, France, and Italy all sought national glory and honor almost as much as they did colonies.
B)Germans wanted to outpace Spain, their traditional rivals.
C)Germany wanted to take back the areas of Alsace and Lorraine, which had remained in French hands after their last conflict.
D)France and Germany each managed to seize the most significant areas.
E)Only the British and the Germans managed to take over areas of Africa where they actually found large markets.

Question 7

What was the most common primary form of resistance by the African peoples to European takeovers?

A)The Africans gathered as many people as possible to fight.
B)They focused on traditional African beliefs to maintain up their cultures.
C)They usually had spontaneous attacks in response to a particular European action.
D)They united several different ethnic groups coming together to fight the Europeans.
E)The Africans tried to play the various European countries against each other.

Question 8

Which of these statements is most descriptive of the European nations in the 1880s?

A)Germany was only beginning to unify and industrialize.
B)France was acquiring territory to reclaim French honor.
C)Portugal was aggressively acquiring territory.
D)Italy had successfully gained the most valuable land.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Europeans went into Africa in the 1880s?

A)European politics were finally peaceful.
B)The geographic information was now sufficient.
C)Western Europe had drained all its natural resources.
D)Europeans finally had the weapons needed to fight Africans.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 10

What was the usual outcome when the Europeans began to use their colonies to produce crops for export ("cash crops")?

A)It was not very favorable, as people back in Europe spurned foods grown in African soil.
B)Just a few colonies with cash crops were better than a break even proposition for the home countries.
C)The introduction of cash crops resulted in a sharp rise in the standard of living for most colonies.
D)Cash crops introduced a period of stagnation, after which the British led the way of conquering Africa.
E)Cash crops led to competition among Africans and Europeans for market shares.

Question 11

What was the result of the the Berlin Conference of 1884?

A)The Europeans divided up most of Africa among the colonial powers.
B)It created a boundary system that was unalterable and is still in existence today.
C)The conference launched Germany's military campaigns in Africa.
D)It led to a treaty among Germany, France, and the Netherlands for the division of the Congo.
E)It stated that since the Africans were heathens, the Europeans had a duty to Christianize them.

Question 12

Regardless of official policies of their central governments, local European rulers

A)often made strong friendships among the locals.
B)discouraged missionaries in their work, feeling that the home countries had no real idea what went on in Africa.
C)visited with the people to try to improve relations so they would work harrier.
D)in some cases made a kind of peace with the Africans, but many did not.
E)preferred the colonies with the largest numbers of Europeans living within them.

Question 13

Despite their original intentions, what was the result of European countries colonial endeavors in Africa?

A)The Europeans achieved total control over Africans.
B)They managed to explore Africa's more remote regions.
C)The Europeans found a way to make agriculture very profitable.
D)They never built up strong colonial markets for their products from home.
E)They gained little influence or control over their particular colonies.

Question 14

Who put the most pressure on Britain and Germany to find new markets during the late 1800s?

A)The United States.
B)Their parliaments.
C)Leading industrialists.
D)The kings.
E)The labor unions.

Question 15

Europeans did not achieve much control in sub-Saharan Africa until

A)the late 1800s.
B)about 1920.
C)the 1950s.
D)the early 1700s.
E)about 1850.

Question 16

What was the main reason Europeans were interested in the Belgian Congo?

A)They wanted to explore the Congo River.
B)The Belgians needed a trading center there.
C)They could extract slaves for the American trade.
D)The Belgians were after easily extracted gold.
E)They wanted to take advantage of its rich natural resources.

Question 17

In French and British colonies, conquered African elites usually

A)committed suicide rather than surrender sovereignty.
B)withdrew as far as possible from contact with their oppressors.
C)attempted to become like their new masters.
D)endeavored to retain as much of their native culture as possible.
E)regrouped and led resistance movements against the colonizers.

Question 18

Which of these groups were, according to your text, probably most important for the "evolution of African culture"?

A)Merchants
B)Missionaries
C)Administrators
D)Monarchs
E)None of these options are correct.

Question 19

What was Portugal's main concern regarding Africa during the imperial period?

A)To prevent Germany and France from taking the few colonies the Portuguese still possessed.
B)The Portuguese wanted to maintain a friendship with France so its ships could use the Suez Canal.
C)To avoid the threat of being incorporated into Spain while other European countries were preoccupied with Africa.
D)The Portuguese were trying to hold on to more land in Africa than Spain possessed.
E)The Portuguese wanted to maintain their pace of industrialization at home.

Question 20

One of the main reasons that industrialized countries sought colonies during the late 1800s was that they

A)wanted to depress the supply of goods so that they could raise prices at home.
B)felt the need to keep military forces in place farther away from the home countries.
C)were looking for new places to build the needed new factories, where labor would be cheaper.
D)needed new markets for all the products their factories were turning out in the midst of a depression.
E)were naturally competitive with each other, especially with the new economic doctrine of mercantilism.

Question 21

In the system of ____________________ rule, the British relied on local assistants to help them govern.

Question 22

By 1900, all of Africa had been allocated to ____________________ rule with the exception of two countries.

Question 23

In West-Central Africa during the colonial period,

A)the main focus of Europeans was to exploit the region's mineral resources, including rubber and copper.
B)half the natives perished within twenty years due to the brutality of the Belgians.
C)the colony was a royal colony.
D)All of the options are correct.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 24

Many Africans relied on which of the following religions as an effective way to resist Europeans?

A)Christianity
B)Zoroastrianism
C)Buddhism
D)Islam
E)Jainism

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the attention Europeans paid to traditional African ways?

A)Disgust
B)Intense study
C)Disregard
D)Emulation
E)Both B and D are correct.

Question 26

The only two African countries to maintain their independence throughout the colonial period were ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 27

More and more young Africans sought out ____________________ ways.

Question 28

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the majority of Africans at the time of European Imperialism?

A)Most Africans lived in rural areas.
B)They had increasing complex standards of living.
C)Most Africans were literate and multi-lingual.
D)They mostly engaged in subsistence farming.
E)They were urbanized and well-educated.

Question 29

What was the purpose of the British policy of Indirect Rule?

A)To force Africans to convert to Christianity.
B)To assimilate Africans into European thought and culture in order to "civilize" them.
C)To force African traditional rulers to send their children to school.
D)To make use of traditional African rulers to assist in administering the colonies.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 30

A collective hope of the European countries colonizing Africa was that their colonies would be

A)places to which they could re-settle their excess population.
B)sources of great wealth that would help them to balance their economies.
C)places from which they could obtain household servants, since most of theirs had taken jobs in the factories.
D)good sources from which they could obtain much needed mineral resources.
E)areas where they would at least break even by implementing cash cropping.

Question 31

Effective occupation included all of the following EXCEPT

A)Proof Africans in the territory had ceded authority.
B)The establishment of a European bureaucracy.
C)Treaties and conquest.
D)Mass conversion to Catholicism by the African population.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 32

The European nation with best area in Africa in terms of natural resources was

A)Belgium
B)England
C)France
D)Italy
E)Portugal

Question 33

The only major European nation to lose in battle to an African army was ____________________.

Question 34

During the period of European Imperialism in Africa, ____________________ was beginning to successfully challenge England economically.

Question 35

Many traditional African boundaries were based on which of the following?

A)Geographic barriers.
B)Trade routes.
C)Traditional African beliefs.
D)Age-old agreements.
E)Egyptian boundaries.

Question 36

The main methods used by the French in controlling their colonies were ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 37

The idea that Europeans had the obligation to bring the benefits of civilization to Africans and Asians was expressed as the ____________________.

Question 38

What was the standard of the recognition for European territorial claims in colonized areas of Africa?

A)Effective occupation.
B)Titles and deeds.
C)Judicial recognition.
D)Papal recognition.
E)Cessation of resistance.

Question 39

The Berlin Conference allowed King ____________________ of ____________________ control of the Congo Basin.

Question 40

____________________ was the most famous British capitalist and private empire builder in Africa.

Question 41

Elaborate on the overall impact of imperialism on Africa.

Question 42

Term for identification: primary/secondary resistance

Question 43

Term for identification: assimilation and association

Question 44

Term for identification: indirect rule

Question 45

Term for identification: New Imperialism

Question 46

Compare and contrast the different reactions of the Africans to European colonization.

Question 47

What impact did imperialism have on Europe?

Question 48

How did African society change as a result of European imperialism.

Question 49

Term for identification: Leopold II

Question 50

Term for identification: cash crops

Question 51

Discuss the underlying issues in Europe that prompted the Scramble for Africa. Include comments on rivalry for new markets, strategic issues, nationalism, and the white man's burden.

Question 52

How did Europe justify their "scramble"? How was it put into practice?

Question 53

Term for identification: effective occupation

Question 54

Term for identification: Cecil Rhodes

Question 55

Term for identification: Scramble for Africa

Question 56

Term for identification: Berlin Conference