Deck 44: East Asia in a Century of Change

Question 1

In the 1930s, which group in Japan was the most influential element in foreign and domestic policy?

A)The civilians in government.
B)University professors and students.
C)Social Democrats.
D)American merchants.
E)The military officers.

Answer 1

The military officers.

Question 2

All of the following made major gains under the Meiji Restoration EXCEPT

A)silk production.
B)rice production.
C)railroad production.
D)quasi-feudal dues.
E)None of the options are correct.

Answer 2

quasi-feudal dues.

Question 3

The b est description of America's involvement in the Philippines in the immediate aftermath of the Spanish American War was

A)benevolent acceptance of the Filipinos.
B)disdain for the Filipinos.
C)expedient liberation of the islands.
D)lengthy occupation of the islands.
E)abject denial of the problems there.

Answer 3

lengthy occupation of the islands.

Question 4

What was the primary cause of the war between China and Japan that began in 1931?

A)Chinese encroachment on Japanese territorial fishing sites.
B)The Germans encouragement to the Japanese to attack China.
C)The Japanese concept of implementation of the Final Solution.
D)The Japanese unprovoked attack upon Manchuria.
E)The breakdown of Japanese military neutrality in civilian political matters.

Question 5

In 1949 the Kuomintang government fled China after being defeated by the communists. Where did the Kuomintang government go?

A)Japan.
B)Korea.
C)Taiwan.
D)Vietnam.
E)Russia.

Question 6

In 193 1, Japanese military officers seized the province of

A)Manchuria.
B)Szechwan.
C)Mongolia.
D)Macao.
E)Taiwan.

Question 7

Japan wa s opened to trade with the West by the American commander,

A)Matthew Modine.
B)Matthew Perry.
C)Matthew Robinson.
D)Matthew Hutchens.
E)Matthew LeBlanc.

Question 8

The na tion that forced Japan to end their policy of seclusion was

A)China.
B)The United States.
C)Great Britain.
D)France.
E)the Netherlands.

Question 9

In Japan, the Meiji reformers strongly supported which of the following?

A)Equality in all matters for all citizens.
B)Establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
C)Concentrating power in the samurai majority.
D)Reverence for  quasi-divine emperor.
E)Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Question 10

In th e 1930s, the most influential element in Japan was the

A)conservative aristocracy.
B)Social Democrats.
C)right-wing paramilitaries.
D)general staff.
E)officers in the military.

Question 11

The Me iji reformers strongly supported the concept of

A)equitable taxation.
B)literacy.
C)reverence for the emperor.
D)representative democracy.
E)a constitutional monarchy.

Question 12

Who/what did Mao Zedong rely heavily upon for his communist revolution?

A)University intellectuals.
B)The Chinese peasants.
C)The Chinese army.
D)Chinese merchants.
E)Intervention by foreigners.

Question 13

By the end of World War II, Chiang Kai-shek's army could best be described as

A)poorly fed but in good spirits.
B)much diminished in numbers and increasingly corrupt.
C)respected and full of confidence that they would prevail.
D)both demoralized and ill-equipped.
E)anxious to finish off Mao and his forces before another winter passed.

Question 14

Which countries composed Indochina where the French presence in Southeast Asia was centered?

A)China, Bangladesh, and Korea.
B)Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
C)Thailand, India and Vietnam.
D)Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines.
E)Java, Indonesia, and Malaya.

Question 15

China's Northern Expedition of 1926 was

A)General Chiang's successful pursuit of warlords who had made themselves into tyrants in several northern provinces.
B)the establishment of a Kuomintang government led by Chiang in Beijing.
C)a widespread purse of any suspected communists, during which tens of thousands of Chinese were killed.
D)the precursor to the Long March of 1934.
E)a march of protest by Chinese students who were upset about several elements of the Versailles Treaty.

Question 16

One of the most notorious incidents of Japanese brutality against the Chinese occurred before World War II in 1937.  What is this event called?

A)The Conquest of Manchuria.
B)The Rape of Nanjing.
C)The Liberation of Shanghai.
D)The Long March.
E)The Triumph of Zaibatsu.

Question 17

Under the Meiji reforms, what form of military replaced the daimyo-samurai feudal forces?

A)A conscript army with modern organization, modern weaponry, and professional discipline.
B)A citizen army based on volunteer local militia units meant to defend their hometowns.
C)A traditional military based on Chinese models of warfare, attack, and defense.
D)A unique Japanese military that was egalitarian and without a formal rank structure.
E)A military based on a strong navy being the centerpiece of the Japanese development.

Question 18

Under Ja pan's 1889 constitution,

A)the supreme power of the emperor was reinforced.
B)a new national tax system was introduced.
C)the capital city was moved to Tokyo.
D)Japan would have a system similar to the Bismarck's Germany.
E)all adult males were given the right to vote.

Question 19

The Long March of 1934 involved

A)the retreat of the Nationalists to Taiwan.
B)the march of the Japanese into Manchuria.
C)the communist migrating from the south to the north.
D)the march of the communist into Beijing victorious.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 20

Who was the most aggressive and able lieutenant for Sun Yat-sen and the early Republic of China?

A)Chaing Kai-Shek
B)Emperor Pu Yi.
C)Mao Zedong.
D)Shang Hui-zhou.
E)General Yuan.

Question 21

The Phil ippines were unique in the fact that

A)it was a Southeast Asian nation under the control of a European nation.
B)it remained under one power from the 17^th century through World War II.
C)the Dutch introduced a "culture system" to maintain their control on the islands.
D)the majority was Christian.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 22

The maj or difference between the Chinese and the Japanese in the late 1800s and early 1900s was that

A)Japan saw the benefit of adopting some Western reforms while the Chinese did not.
B)Japan readily adopted socialism but China did not.
C)China held on to Confucian beliefs while Japan held closely to Buddhism.
D)China got rid of its emperor in the late 1800s but Japan clung tightly to theirs.
E)the Chinese were forced to accept how far behind the West they were technologically, but the Japanese turned a blind eye to the fact that they, too, were far behind.

Question 23

Most of t he island Southeast Asian nations followed which of the following religions?

A)Christianity
B)Buddhism
C)Islam
D)Hinduism
E)Shinto

Question 24

In Southeast Asia, French colonial possessions were known collectively as ____________________.

Question 25

Term for identification: Mao Zedong

Question 26

For the Japan ese, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 was most significant for

A)giving them control of Korea.
B)giving them a chance to annex Siberia.
C)announcing to the world that Japan was now a major power.
D)getting back at the Russians for shaming them in a confrontation twenty years earlier.
E)giving them much needed capital from the reparations the Russians had to pay.

Question 27

Despite having become allies with both Germany and Italy, Japan

A)remained on the sidelines during the 1930s, in order to continue improvements within the country.
B)was too busy fighting Chiang Kai-shek in China to want to help either of them prepare for war.
C)became upset with the Germans when they were not told Germany planned to begin World War II, and again when Germany attacked Russia in 1941, and thus remained neutral in the conflict.
D)invaded Russia in 1931, setting up a puppet government there.
E)found those powers unwilling to help when the French moved into Southeast Asia and began to take over Japanese-held territories.

Question 28

The 1894-1895 war between China and Japan revolved around the control of ____________________.

Question 29

The Japanese constitution of 1889 was modeled after the ____________________ constitution that was authored by Otto von Bismarck.

Question 30

Term for identification: Chiang Kai-shek

Question 31

During the years of French colonization in Southeast Asia, the economy improved a great deal but most of the time the main benefits went to

A)Europeans rather than native peoples.
B)the French noblemen who set up plantations on the best land.
C)immigrant Chinese middlemen merchants and native landlords.
D)the British, who moved into the area from Malaya.
E)a minute percentage of the Vietnamese who were assimilated by the French.

Question 32

The Meiji reformers consciously gave Shinto a special position within Japan, because

A)it had been the first religion developed after settlement of the islands.
B)the faith showed great reverence for the emperor and accepted him as an almost divine leader.
C)the emperor insisted that Shinto remain the official faith of Japan.
D)Shinto and the new constitution would help to make all Japanese into good citizen-patriots.
E)the faith backed up the constitution's admonition that Japan should be ruled by an unbroken line of emperors forever.

Question 33

Which of these was not a part of the Meiji Reforms?

A)Redistribution of land.
B)A new constitution that limited the powers of the emperor.
C)Renewed emphasis on the samurai.
D)Students being sent to study in the West, especially science and government.
E)A new national bank, new currency, and a new tax system.

Question 34

The ____ ________________ took place in Japan in 1867, when the ____________________ was finally abolished.

Question 35

It would be mo st accurate to say of Japanese politics that after the 1889 Constitution was put in place

A)representation became much broader in the Diet (Parliament).
B)the people, rather than the emperor, became sovereign; at least that was true of the wealthy.
C)the constitution had upheld traditional values of the people, but it had also heavily undermined the emperor.
D)Shinto was relegated to a position that made it only as valid, so far as the state was concerned, as Buddhism and Taoism.
E)those making decisions would be members of the wealthy class as well as imperial ministers.

Question 36

The only country in Asia that was taken over by Europeans to become a nation with a Christian majority was ____________________.

Question 37

Believing that war with America was inevitable and that a first strike would give Japan an edge, the Tokyo government launched an attack against ____________________.

Question 38

By O ctober 1949, ____________________'s forces were clearly in control of the Chinese mainland, and ____________________ and his supporters had found it necessary to retreat to the offshore island of ____________________.

Question 39

The ec onomic prosperity Japan experienced up to the 1920s brought

A)not only prosperity but also spiraling inflation and the usual accompanying riots.
B)a renewed sense of worth, as Japanese businessmen could hold their own with their foreign counterparts.
C)the opportunity to build up the country's infrastructure, a crucial part of Japan's plans for modernization.
D)the chance to begin the manufacture of war materiel in anticipation of a bigger conflict to come.
E)new respect for lawmakers who had helped bring about the trade revolution.

Question 40

The fi nal act of China's long civil war began almost as soon as ____________________ ended.

Question 41

Discuss the changes taking place in Southeast Asia during the interwar years.

Question 42

Term for identification: Indochina

Question 43

Term for identification: Long March of 1934

Question 44

Term for identification: Russo-Japanese War

Question 45

Term for identification: Chinese Communist Party

Question 46

Term for identification: Rape of Nanjing

Question 47

Term for identification: Manchuria

Question 48

Term for identification: Tripartite Pact

Question 49

Elaborate on the Meiji Restoration. How did the Japanese restore the emperor to power and at what cost?

Question 50

Term for identification: Meiji Restoration

Question 51

Discuss the development of the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-Shek and the specific challenges he faced.

Question 52

How did the Japanese military change after the Restoration? How did those actions impact the ideas of soldiers during World War II?