Deck 13: The Promotion of Human Development and Human Rights

Question 1

What does the Human Development Index measure?

A)states' comparative distribution of wealth
B)states' comparative levels of political and economic stability
C)states' comparative ability to generate economic development for their citizens
D)states' comparative ability to provide for their citizen's well-being

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Safe places to live where human rights are safeguarded and persecuted peoples can live in peace are referred to as which of the following?

A)autonomous provinces
B)human rights regimes
C)sanctuaries
D)enclaves

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What characterizes the relationship between humanitarian intervention and state sovereignty?

A)The principle of humanitarian intervention erodes the notion of state sovereignty.
B)The principle of state sovereignty erodes the practice of humanitarian intervention.
C)Humanitarian intervention and state sovereignty are mutually reinforcing.
D)The two ideas have no bearing on one another.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential problem associated with human rights?

A)Human rights are universal.
B)Human rights are relative to a person's age.
C)It is difficult to monitor and enforce human rights.
D)The idea of human rights has not been codified in multilateral treaties.

Question 5

What can we conclude about the changes in the levels of extreme poverty during the last three decades?

A)The levels of extreme poverty have remained largely unchanged.
B)There has been a drastic improvement in the level of extreme poverty worldwide.
C)There has been a drastic deterioration in the level of extreme poverty worldwide.
D)Extreme poverty increased exponentially during this time period.

Question 6

What lies at the root of nearly half of the deaths of children worldwide?

A)modern slavery
B)war
C)malnutrition
D)climate change

Question 7

Which tendency has often been used as a rationale for committing genocide?

A)ethnocentrism
B)ethnoculturalism
C)holocaust
D)ethnic cleansing

Question 8

Over the last 50 years, more girls were killed precisely because of their gender than men killed in all the wars of the twentieth century. This is a consequence of which practice?

A)genocide
B)ethnic cleansing
C)gendercide
D)slavery

Question 9

Millions of people are enslaved in today's world. Which group constitutes the greatest proportion of modern slaves?

A)men
B)women
C)children
D)seniors

Question 10

According to the World Bank, how is extreme poverty defined?

A)as income of less than $1.00 per day
B)as income of less than $1.90 per day
C)as income of less than $3.00 per day
D)As income of less than $5.00 per day

Question 11

Approximately, what percentage of the world's people live in extreme poverty?

A)about 5%
B)about 10%
C)about 20%
D)bout 35%

Question 12

According to the United Nation's data, what is the leading from of human trafficking?

A)sexual exploitation
B)forced labor
C)bonded labor
D)domestic servitude

Question 13

Which paradigm of international politics is most likely to focus on humans, human ideas, and human identities?

A)realism
B)liberalism
C)constructivism
D)feminism

Question 14

When did human rights decisively enter international discourse, prompting establishment of human rights regimes?

A)after World War I
B)after World War II
C)after the Treaty of Westphalia
D)after the Industrial Revolution

Question 15

Which world region is characterized by lower levels of human security?

A)western hemisphere
B)northern hemisphere
C)the Global South
D)the Global North

Question 16

The post-World War II Yugoslav constitution established the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija to ease the tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb communities and to curtail Albanian desires for secession. This is an example of which of the following?

A)irredentism
B)devolution
C)denunciation
D)ethnocentrism

Question 17

Which of the following characterizes human rights?

A)They are inalienable.
B)They are relative.
C)They are constructive.
D)They are based on the social contract.

Question 18

Which variable is positively associated with human development?

A)democracy
B)conservatism
C)laissez faire capitalism
D)high levels of globalization

Question 19

What is the average life expectancy in the Global South?

A)about 55 years
B)about 60 years
C)about 67 years
D)about 71 years

Question 20

Which measure incorporates new ways to evaluate development beyond exclusively economic indicators, which fail to fully capture basic physical and social needs of people?

A)Human Development Index (HDI)
B)Gini coefficient
C)Power Purchasing power purchasing parity (PPP)
D)Gross National gross national product (GNP)

Question 21

If a country decided to violate another state's sovereignty by intervening in its domestic affairs in order to protect a group of people from mass murder, the country in question would be engaging in which of the following?

A)conditional sovereignty
B)intrastate violence
C)state terrorism
D)humanitarian intervention

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding gender inequality and women's rights?

A)Cultural traditions regarding women in Islamic countries are inherently evil.
B)The International Criminal Court did not confirm sexual enslavement as a war crime until 2001.
C)There has been little progress in legislation protecting women's rights over the past decade.
D)Nowadays, gender inequality exists predominantly in the Global South.

Question 23

Which theory of international politics seeks to rectify the conventional images of world politics and to offer an alternative vision that empowers women?

A)realist
B)liberal
C)constructivist
D)feminist

Question 24

Which international declaration establishes a broad range of civil and political rights, including freedom of assembly, freedom of thought and expression, the right to participate in government, and social and economic rights?

A)International Covenant on Economic and Civil Rights
B)Universal Covenant of Civil, Social and Cultural Rights
C)The United Nations Charter
D)Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 25

During World War II, Germany engaged in mass killing of the European Jews. Germany's actions can, therefore, be described as which of the following?

A)ethnic cleansing
B)genocide
C)asymmetric warfare
D)ethnocentric warfare

Question 26

Imagine a country that scores highly on human development and is committed to upholding human rights. Which of the following characteristics is this country likely to possess?

A)It is a democracy.
B)It is an autocracy.
C)It is a welfare-state.
D)It is a socialist country.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of gender inequalities?

A)Women have less access to advanced study.
B)The gender gap in the Global South is greater than the gap in the Global North.
C)The gender gap in the Global North has been eliminated.
D)Women often receive less pay than men for the same work.

Question 28

There is a high correlation between human development and the protection of which of the following?

A)border security
B)citizens' civil liberties
C)states' rights
D)the Global South

Question 29

How do men and women differ when it comes to how they use their earned income?

A)Women tend to invest the vast majority of their income in the welfare of their families whereas men do not.
B)Men tend to invest the vast majority of their income in the welfare of their families whereas women do not.
C)Women tend to spend excessively and frivolously.
D)Men tend to spend excessively and frivolously.

Question 30

Which variable is negatively correlated with human development?

A)democracy
B)GDP per capita
C)inequality
D)level of education

Question 31

What is the percentage of female legislators in the United States Congress?

A)10 percent
B)19 percent
C)22 percent
D)47 percent

Question 32

A researcher who believes that income is not the sum total of human life is likely to consider which measure when evaluating whether basic human needs are met?

A)Power Purchasing power purchasing parity (PPP)
B)Gini coefficient
C)Human Development Index (HDI)
D)Human Needs Index (HNI)

Question 33

Which concept refers to the political and civil liberties recognized by international law as inalienable and valid for individuals in all countries by virtue of their humanity?

A)legal status
B)jus cogens
C)human rights
D)social needs

Question 34

Why might a researcher or an analyst use the Human Development Index (HDI)as opposed to relying on purely economic indicators?

A)to determine how democratized a country is
B)to determine the extent to which humanitarian aspirations are succeeding
C)to measure the effects of border disputes
D)to protect the right to self-determination for indigenous people

Question 35

What are the three groups for whom respect for human rights remains particularly problematic?

A)Kurds, Jews, and children
B)children, indigenous peoples, and women
C)indigenous peoples, Turks, and women
D)women, Jews, and Tutsi of Rwanda

Question 36

Which political philosopher said that "man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains"?

A)Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B)Thomas Hobbes
C)John Locke
D)Thomas Aquinas

Question 37

In order to protect indigenous people and curtail the group's quest for independence, states often grant regional political power to indigenous groups. This is known as which of the following?

A)ethnocentrism
B)self-determination
C)devolution
D)republicanism

Question 38

The right to self-determination and protection of minority cultures belong to which category of rights?

A)rights of the person
B)political rights
C)rights of communities
D)economic and social rights

Question 39

What are the two most common types of human trafficking?

A)child soldiering and forced labor
B)sexual exploitation and forced labor
C)sexual exploitation and mail-order brides
D)domestic servitude and debt bondage

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of indigenous peoples who have successfully obtained local self-governance?

A)the Chechens in Russia
B)the Albanians in Italy
C)the Miskitos in Nicaragua
D)the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia

Question 41

Why do relativists reject the promotion and enforcement of human rights by the global community?

A)because it comes at the expense of national interests
B)because it is seen as a form of moral imperialism
C)because it is an unwarranted intrusion into the affairs of others
D)because it infringes upon the principle of state sovereignty

Question 42

There are still dramatic differences between men and women in their roles, careers, and paychecks. Some argue this stems from a societal bias against women. Others say it is a product of women's choices.
(a)Describe the arguments for each of these explanations.
(b)Explain which you think is correct and why.
(c)Should legislation be passed that attempts to reconcile these differences?

Question 43

Is state sovereignty eroding due to international commitments to human rights? If so, how? Can the tensions between human rights and state sovereignty be resolved?

Question 44

Discuss the plight and persecution of indigenous peoples worldwide. What do devolution, racism, and sanctuary have to do with the persecution of indigenous peoples?

Question 45

How a state treats its own citizens used to be its own business. Now, members of the international community are claiming that the humane treatment of individuals is fundamental to human rights.
(a)Are human rights culturally relative?
(b)Are there such things as universal human rights?
(c)What should they include?

Question 46

Compare and contrast the traditional realist view of national security and the liberal view of human security. Are these two views always in contradiction to each other or could they be complementary? In your opinion, which view of security should be paramount?

Question 47

Which concept refers to the use of peacekeeping troops by foreign states to protect endangered people from gross violations of their human rights?

A)humanitarian intervention
B)armed conflict
C)negotiation
D)human rights abuse

Question 48

What is the primary intergovernmental organization for evaluating and making recommendations regarding human rights abuses?

A)the United Nations
B)the Human Rights Council (HRC)
C)the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D)the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

Question 49

The right to survival, the right to develop to the fullest, the right to protection from harmful influences, and the right to participate fully in family, cultural, and social life were all established in which convention?

A)the Convention on the Rights of the Child
B)the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
C)the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
D)the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Question 50

What argument is offered by critics of the idea that human rights are universal and should be protected by international law?

A)that humans do not deserve basic protections
B)that human rights represent an unwarranted intrusion in domestic affairs
C)that liberal and constructivist theory are better than realism in determining global policies
D)that the international community has never been able to agree on a legal framework