Deck 11: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs has not influenced motivational theory.
B) Physiological, safety, and belonging needs are all physical needs.
C) Because the hierarchy of needs focuses on universal human needs, it has no critics.
D) Maslow claimed an upper level of need was not activated until a lower level of need was satisfied.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following theories suggest that workers respond to attention from superiors,and they like their opinions to be valued?

A) the Hawthorne effect
B) the equity theory
C) Theory X
D) scientific management

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Who was the father of scientific management?

A) Elton Mayo
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Adam Smith
D) Frederick Taylor

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the Hawthorne effect,which of the following occurs?

A) Good leadership is the key to motivation.
B) Workers respond to being paid attention to.
C) Responsibility motivates workers.
D) Workers respond to money.

Question 5

Cindi Kastarian believes that she is the best nurse that she can be and is using her abilities to the utmost.According to Maslow's theory of need,Kastarian is motivated by which of the following needs?

A) esteem
B) psychological
C) self-actualization
D) physiological

Question 6

The original Hawthorne studies were set up to study which of the following?

A) testing used in the selection of employees
B) employee incentives
C) employee breaks
D) lighting

Question 7

Theories X and Y management styles are the result of studies by which theorist?

A) Douglas McGregor
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Frederick Herzberg
D) Elton Mayo

Question 8

According to Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory,what is the most important motivator in the workplace?

A) money
B) good communication
C) shorter hours
D) responsibility

Question 9

According to Maslow,people need to feel secure,to be protected from physical harm,and to avoid the unexpected.What are these needs called?

A) psychological needs
B) belonging needs
C) self-actualization needs
D) safety needs

Question 10

In Maslow's theory,the need to belong to informal groups both on and off the job is an example of which of the following needs?

A) security needs
B) physiological needs
C) social needs
D) esteem needs

Question 11

Frederick Taylor's scientific management emphasized which of the following concepts?

A) work efficiency
B) technology
C) policies, procedures, rules, and regulations
D) worker morale

Question 12

An employee who was more worried about having a safe work environment and a financially sound pension plan than anything else would be most concerned with which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) self-actualization needs
B) safety needs
C) social needs
D) physiological needs

Question 13

A group of management consultants is studying Lennox Petrochemical Inc.,and its team management strategy.After Shannon Ewing's work group was selected for special attention by the management consultants,the work group's production output nearly doubled.Ewing's group's reaction to the special attention is an example of which of the following concepts or theories?

A) the reinforcement theory
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) the Hawthorne effect

Question 14

What is the top level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) social needs
B) self-actualization needs
C) psychological needs
D) esteem needs

Question 15

Which theorist proposed a theory of motivation based on universal human needs?

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Elton Mayo
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Frederick Herzberg

Question 16

Which of the following styles of management is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person dislikes work,will try to avoid work,prefers to be directed,avoids responsibility,and wants security above all else?

A) Theory X
B) self-actualized
C) Theory Y
D) Theory Z

Question 17

Elton Mayo,North America's first industrial psychologist,was responsible for formulating which of the following?

A) the principles of scientific management
B) Theory X and Theory Y
C) the explanation of the Hawthorne effect
D) the motivational-maintenance theory

Question 18

A Theory X manager would assume his or her workers are characterized by which of the following?

A) They want more delegation.
B) They want promotions, raises, and more responsibility.
C) They are very optimistic.
D) They are untrustworthy and lazy.

Question 19

Which of the following would be evident in a manufacturing company in which industrial engineers have maximized efficiency by determining the best way to perform every task from tightening a bolt to operating a forklift?

A) scientific management
B) equity theory
C) the Hawthorne effect
D) expectancy theory

Question 20

According to Theory X,workers behave in which of the following ways?

A) They dislike every facet of their work.
B) They have a strong attachment to their work.
C) They enjoy the creative part of their work.
D) They like delegation and responsibility in their work.

Question 21

Mia Carson is a computer programmer who looks forward to the challenge of her job and has asked her boss for more responsibility.She is a willing problem solver and is easily motivated by positive incentives.Carson is operating in accordance with which of the following management styles?

A) Theory Y
B) scientific management
C) Theory Z
D) Theory X

Question 22

According to expectancy theory,the probability of an individual acting a particular way depends on the strength of belief the individual has in which of the following?

A) that the act will have a particular outcome that they value
B) that supervisors treat their employees with equity
C) that the job responsibility is adequate
D) that the job is challenging

Question 23

Which theory states that employees are motivated by their expectations or estimates of chances for reward?

A) expectancy theory
B) estimation theory
C) equity theory
D) psychological theory

Question 24

In Herzberg's model,which of the following would be an example of a motivating factor?

A) salary
B) responsibility
C) fringe benefits
D) supervision

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describes Theory Z style of management?

A) According to Theory Z, workers should be laid off whenever business is bad.
B) Theory Z contains many elements from Japanese management.
C) The Theory Z style of management does not reflect U.S. culture.
D) According to Theory Z, decision making should be done by the individual, not the group.

Question 26

Wes Johnston overheard his manager say,"Work is as natural as play,and workers seek more job responsibility." This statement supports which of the following theories?

A) the hierarchy of needs
B) Theory Y assumptions
C) Theory X assumptions
D) Theory Z assumptions

Question 27

According to Herzberg,hygiene factors can lead to which of the following results?

A) self-actualization
B) motivation
C) potential job dissatisfaction
D) job satisfaction

Question 28

Safeway Stores has installed dashboard computers in its trucks to monitor delivery truck drivers as they work their routes.This mistrust of employees derives from belief in which of the following theories?

A) the Theory Y style of management
B) the Theory X style of management
C) the Theory Z style of management
D) scientific management

Question 29

What does the Theory Z style of management emphasize?

A) long-term employment
B) extensive specialization
C) fast career development
D) very formal control over employees

Question 30

Which theorist is responsible for identifying the Theory Z style of management?

A) William Ouchi
B) Douglas McGregor
C) Frederick Taylor
D) Frederick Herzberg

Question 31

According to Herzberg,to keep a worker satisfied or motivated,the manager should do which of the following?

A) change his or her supervisor
B) give the worker more vacation time
C) make the job more challenging
D) give longer lunch breaks

Question 32

Which of the following is a criticism of Herzberg's motivator and hygiene theory?

A) It does not examine the relationship between productivity and satisfaction.
B) It ignores the impact of situational variables.
C) It cannot be used effectively by smaller companies.
D) It lacks hygiene factors that can lead to workers doing their best work.

Question 33

Based on the expectancy theory,managers who want to motivate their employees should do which of the following?

A) Determine what factors might counteract the effectiveness of a reward.
B) Determine the performance level of each employee.
C) Link rewards to effort.
D) Make sure the rewards are equal for all employees.

Question 34

Motivation and maintenance factors are essential parts of a job-satisfier theory formulated by which theorist?

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Frederick Herzberg
C) Douglas McGregor
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 35

According to Theory Y,workers behave in which of the following ways?

A) They have a strong aversion to their work.
B) They especially abhor the creative part of their work.
C) They dislike every facet of their work.
D) They like delegation and responsibility in their work.

Question 36

According to Herzberg,which of the following factors must be present to prevent work dissatisfaction,but these factors cannot serve as a source of satisfaction or motivation?

A) job-controlled
B) demotivational
C) hygiene
D) job-elemental

Question 37

In Herzberg's model,which of the following would be an example of a hygiene factor?

A) responsibility
B) supervision
C) promotion
D) recognition

Question 38

In Herzberg's theory,salary is an example of which of the following factors?

A) a hygiene factor
B) a self-actualizing factor
C) an employee-controlled factor
D) a motivating factor

Question 39

Some organizations are using snooping technology to monitor their workers to identify workers who are not performing optimally.The idea underlying this development is that workers dislike their work and intentionally avoid it.That idea is an assumption based on which of the following theories or concepts?

A) the Hawthorne effect
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) Theory Z

Question 40

Based on the expectancy theory,managers who want to motivate their employees should do which of the following?

A) Assume all employees want the same rewards.
B) Offer intermittent reinforcement.
C) Make sure all people have the same opportunity to receive rewards.
D) Determine the rewards valued by each employee.

Question 41

According to equity theory,if employees perceive that an inequity exists,which of the following might they do?

A) initiate a class action lawsuit
B) use selective behaviour
C) ask to be terminated
D) change their work habits

Question 42

Which of the following is the vertical expansion of an employee's job?

A) job enlargement
B) job enrichment
C) task generalization
D) job upsizing

Question 43

In many companies,workers are trained by assigning them to several different jobs over a period of time.What is this regular shifting of assignments called?

A) job expectancy
B) job enrichment
C) job integration
D) job rotation

Question 44

Managers can use equity theory to do which of the following?

A) determine which employees would benefit from having a goal
B) improve worker satisfaction
C) match reward to performance for each individual employee
D) determine which employees are not working efficiently

Question 45

All the accounting personnel at a large construction company work nine-hour days Monday through Thursday and then get a three-day weekend.Which of the following does this construction company permit for its accounting department?

A) a compressed work week
B) flextime
C) job enrichment
D) job rotation

Question 46

Which of the following is the expansion of the number of tasks and variety of tasks performed by a worker?

A) job enrichment
B) job upsizing
C) job enlargement
D) task rotation

Question 47

If you were advising someone about which motivational theory would be most likely to be successful in all cultures,which of the following motivation theories would you suggest?

A) equity theory
B) scientific management
C) Maslow's theory
D) expectancy theory

Question 48

Anila Sudavarian works as a receptionist for a medical clinic from 8 a.m.until 12 noon 5 days a week.At noon,he is replaced by Louise Cho who works at the same job from noon until 4 p.m.Which of the following scheduling options is being used by Sudavarian and Cho?

A) job partnering
B) flextime
C) compressed work week
D) job sharing

Question 49

Julia Li is a low-level manager for a manufacturer of collectible plates and figurines.She is assigned new jobs every few months so she can learn all aspects of her company's operations.Management is utilizing which of the following concepts?

A) job enrichment
B) job rotation
C) job enlargement
D) job development

Question 50

Which of the following is the redesign of a job to provide workers with more authority,responsibility,challenge,and the opportunity for more personal achievement?

A) task enlargement
B) task generalization
C) job integration
D) job enrichment

Question 51

Companies that want to meet the diverse needs of their employees by offering work-scheduling options can use which of the following?

A) job enlargement
B) gain-sharing
C) job enrichment
D) flextime

Question 52

Given the trend toward employee empowerment in the workplace,more and more employers are finding which of the following theories useful?

A) goal setting
B) expectancy
C) equity
D) scientific management

Question 53

Which of the following is the horizontal expansion of an employee's job?

A) job enrichment
B) job enlargement
C) job rotation
D) task generalization

Question 54

Oscar Ramirez's job has been redesigned.He has more authority and responsibility and feels the job now is very challenging to him.The company has used which of the following to challenge Ramirez?

A) job enrichment
B) job enlargement
C) job development
D) job rotation

Question 55

Which theory is concerned with workers' perception about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers?

A) theory of objectivity
B) expectancy theory
C) theory of equality
D) equity theory

Question 56

Which of the following statements best describes how culture influences motivation?

A) Most motivation theories apply in all cultures.
B) Social needs are not of equal importance in all cultures.
C) Expectancy theory is an example of a motivation theory that is applicable to all cultures-no matter what reward is offered.
D) Satisfiers and dissatisfiers are the same in all cultures.

Question 57

Which of the following theories is based on the premise that an individual's intention to work toward something is a primary source of motivation?

A) goal setting
B) expectancy
C) equity
D) scientific management

Question 58

Which of the following best describes goal-setting theory?

A) Specific goals lead to higher levels of performance than do more generalized goals.
B) Easy goals lead to better performance than do easy goals.
C) An individual's intention to work toward a goal is not a primary source of motivation.
D) Feedback on progress toward goals causes lower performance.

Question 59

Bill Nielsen works as a graphic designer.He arrives at work at 7 a.m.and goes home at 3 p.m.One of Nielsen's coworkers who performs the same job arrives at work at 9 a.m.and goes home at 6 p.m.Yet another coworker arrives at 9 a.m.and leaves work at 5 p.m.From this brief description,you should realize that Nielsen's employer uses which of the following strategies?

A) job enrichment
B) a compressed work week
C) flextime
D) job rotation

Question 60

The equity theory is concerned with which of the following factors?

A) rewards based on individual employee desires
B) how fairly a worker is treated compared to coworkers
C) how much compensation a worker will receive
D) the worker's concern with company ownership

Question 61

Theory X managers view their workers as untrustworthy and unmotivated.

Question 62

Motivation is basically a need-satisfying process.

Question 63

Theory Y managers view their employees as easily motivated and willing to accept responsibility.

Question 64

A company that is experimenting with flextime,telecommuting,and job sharing is interested in which of the following?

A) employee empowerment
B) work-scheduling options needed to retain quality employees
C) determining which team management technique is most effective given its situational variables
D) increasing job performance through effective management of time

Question 65

Which of the following means that a portion of an employee's pay is directly linked to an individual or organizational performance measure?

A) a fee for work
B) variable pay
C) performance-based pay
D) pay on commission

Question 66

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivation theory.

Question 67

Human resources managers have yet to find any use for Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 68

Scientific management is based on economic incentives and the premise that there is "one best way" to perform any job.

Question 69

Companies that are trying to lower employee absenteeism should be doing which of the following?

A) offering employees the opportunity to work overtime
B) providing on-site daycare for employees' children
C) allowing employees to set their own hours of work
D) reducing the number of paid sick days

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT one of the current trends in business management today?

A) helping employees achieve a balance between their work responsibilities and their personal obligations
B) application of the expectancy theory
C) employee ownership
D) education and training to raise employees' feelings of self-worth

Question 71

The Hawthorne effect explains that workers respond to attention and produce more when watched.

Question 72

Managers can use equity theory to improve worker satisfaction.

Question 73

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the most basic needs are the social needs.

Question 74

Which of the following statements best describes forms of variable pay?

A) Profit-sharing plans are also called piece-rate plans.
B) Stock options are a category of job-sharing pay plans.
C) Gain sharing is a motivational plan based on group productivity.
D) Profit-sharing plans are based on the concept that intrinsic rewards are more motivating than extrinsic rewards.

Question 75

In Herzberg's model,potential job dissatisfiers are called hygiene factors.

Question 76

In Herzberg's model,salary and fringe benefits are job satisfiers.

Question 77

Feedback is very important to the successful application of the goal-setting theory.

Question 78

The Theory X approach to management builds on the idea that worker and organizational interests are congruent.

Question 79

Equity theory is a theory of motivation that focuses on the link between motivation and organizational culture.

Question 80

With the goal-setting theory,managers have learned that easier goals motivate more effectively than challenging ones.