Deck 15: Adult and Juvenile Corrections

Question 1

Chamberlain (1990)compared 13- to 18-year-olds in Oregon Treatment Foster Care (OTFC)to those teenagers treated in community residential treatment. Over a two-year follow-up period, those in the OTFC group were found to be __________.

A)less likely to be incarcerated and more likely to complete treatment
B)more likely to be incarcerated and less likely to complete treatment
C)less likely to be incarcerated and less likely to complete treatment
D)more likely to be incarcerated and more likely to complete treatment

Answer 1

less likely to be incarcerated and more likely to complete treatment

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is typically found in programs that are ineffective in reducing the rates of violence, antisocial behavior, and risky health behavior in adolescents?

A)Cognitive/Behavioral strategy
B)Scare tactics
C)Long-term treatments
D)All of these are correct.

Answer 2

Scare tactics

Question 3

Which term describes the process of prisoners being released from incarceration back to the community?

A)Reentry
B)Probation
C)Parole
D)Diversion

Answer 3

Reentry

Question 4

An assessment tool designed to measure a juvenile's risk of offending and related needs is ________.

A)unstructured assessment of violence risk in youth
B)youth level of service/case management inventory
C)improving both self-reported and observed family relations
D)reducing time spent with deviant peers

Question 5

Community-based probation for juveniles may include which of the following?

A)Participate in regular drug testing
B)Participate in a specific program or alternative school during the day and return home at night
C)Undertake anger management training
D)Undergo family counseling

Question 6

Intensive probation is typically characterized by _____.

A)frequent, randomized drug tests
B)mandatory individual and group mental health services
C)weekly community service
D)increased monitoring contact

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics is NOT found in programs that are successful in reducing the rates of violence, antisocial behavior, and risky health behavior in adolescents?

A)A cognitive/behavioral strategy
B)Long-term treatments
C)Multicontexual
D)Diversion

Question 8

Many judges are inclined to place an offending juvenile in a secure residential facility as opposed to treating the juvenile in the community because ________.

A)a community-based program is not available
B)the publicly perceived risk to society is lower
C)it helps reduce treatment costs
D)None of these are correct.

Question 9

Juvenile probation sometimes requires that offenders be involved in some kind of community-based placement or program, such as Oakland's evening reporting center. Here, juvenile offenders must ________.

A)report after school and remain at the center for recreational activities till 8 P.M. and return home for the night
B)attend different kinds of learning and/or recreational activities and stay back overnight at the center
C)attend school and remain on the grounds of the program
D)remain at home and undergo treatment

Question 10

Functional family therapy (FFT)has been shown to reduce recidivism rates, particularly _______.

A)for children under the age of 12
B)when provided by therapists with more than 10 years of experience
C)when therapists closely adhered to the treatment model
D)for youths who commit violent offenses

Question 11

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Multisystemic therapy has been found to reduce recidivism among juveniles.
B)Multisystemic therapy has not been effective in reducing substance use among juveniles.
C)Multisystemic therapy is costly, but overall, cost effective when considering its effectiveness.
D)None of these statements are true.

Question 12

Multisystemic therapy has been shown to be more effective than usual diversion services on ________.

A)improving training to therapists
B)improving community center facilities
C)decreasing youth behavior problems
D)All of these are correct.

Question 13

One of the treatment options for juveniles charged with serious offenses involves placing juveniles with specially trained foster parents. What is the name of this intervention?

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Foster Care
B)Saratoga Multicontext Foster Care
C)Oregon Treatment Foster Care
D)The Foster Care Advantage

Question 14

What is school-based probation?

A)The offending youth is sent to boarding school.
B)The offending youth's attendance, performance, and behavior in school are monitored.
C)Probation is only enforced during school hours.
D)It involves frequent monitoring contact.

Question 15

One of the weaknesses in residential interventions for juveniles is/are ______.

A)a lack of meaningful involvement of family members
B)multimodal treatments
C)the lack of a school-based structure
D)All of these are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a major justification for correctional intervention?

A)Incapacitation
B)Deterrence
C)Retribution
D)Probation

Question 17

Factors said to influence the risk of juvenile criminal offending include _______.

A)juvenile history of offending
B)family issues
C)drug abuse
D)All of these are correct.

Question 18

Oregon treatment foster care has been identified as a model treatment program by the ________.

A)U.S. Attorney General
B)U.S. Surgeon General
C)U.S. Department of Health
D)U.S. Commission on Mental Health Policy and Initiatives

Question 19

The training of Multisystemic (MST)therapists is ____________________ and MST procedures are _________________________.

A)dependent on training program; subjective and flexible
B)highly standardized; subjective and flexible
C)highly standardized; clearly specified
D)dependent on training program; objective and specified

Question 20

Which of the following interventions for juveniles does NOT use a team approach?

A)Multisystemic Therapy
B)Oregon Treatment Foster Care
C)Functional Family Therapy
D)Oakland's Evening Reporting Center

Question 21

Individuals who have been assigned a sentence of less than a year tend to be housed in ______.

A)jails
B)prisons
C)halfway houses
D)None of these are correct.

Question 22

Herinckx et al. (2005)found that participants completing mental health court were ___________________ to reoffend than those who did not graduate.

A)almost four times less likely
B)almost four times more likely
C)equally likely
D)10 times less likely

Question 23

Which of the following is most effective at reducing the rates of substance abuse and reoffending over at least a period of one year?

A)Participation in drug court
B)Parole
C)Probation
D)All of these are correct.

Question 24

Drug offenses are about _________ of federal cases and ______ in state-level cases.

A)20%; 40%
B)40%; 30%
C)60%; 30%
D)90%; 50%

Question 25

Which area is most important when planning for juvenile reentry into the community?

A)Cost-effective treatment
B)Aftercare services
C)Interactions with prosocial peers
D)All of these are correct.

Question 26

Therapeutic community is used to treat offenders with ____ charges.

A)murder
B)assault
C)drug
D)larceny

Question 27

Which of the following has NOT been associated with LS/CMI scores?

A)Parole outcome
B)Successful halfway house placements
C)Assigned levels of supervision
D)Religious programs

Question 28

Jake is a 15-year-old school student who was arrested for the second time for robbing a bicycle and trying to sell it. He did it as he had no money to buy food as his parents neglect his needs at home. What kind of treatment is best recommended for Jake?

A)Oregon Treatment Foster Care
B)Functional Family Therapy
C)Multisystemic Therapy
D)Psychotherapy

Question 29

Classification in the prison system refers to __________.

A)assigning the offender an ID number
B)the assessment of risk and rehabilitation needs in offenders
C)determining where the prisoner will go when it is time to reenter the community
D)determining the prison location based on the severity of the crime

Question 30

Overall, mental health courts have been shown to _______.

A)have little to no effect on recidivism rates
B)lead to more arrests of the chronically mentally ill
C)decrease recidivism rates
D)reduce repeated offender rates

Question 31

Which kinds of residential treatments appear to be the most effective in reducing recidivism in juveniles?

A)Structured and multimodal treatments
B)Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies
C)Interpersonal skills training and family interventions
D)All of these are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a program provided for inmates by the Federal Bureau of Prisons?

A)Vocational training
B)Religious activities
C)Driving school
D)GED programs

Question 33

Wraparound Milwaukee is designed to serve emotionally disturbed youth in the juvenile justice system. Research suggests that its wraparound services have _______.

A)reduced recidivism
B)improved juvenile functioning
C)improved coordination among different service delivery systems
D)All of these are correct

Question 34

The level of service/case management inventory assesses offender needs and risks of recidivism across multiple domains, such as ______.

A)leisure/recreation
B)health care
C)probation
D)All of these are correct.

Question 35

Some of the psychological services provided in U.S. jails include_______.

A)suicide prevention
B)group therapy
C)risk assessment
D)All of these are correct.

Question 36

What is one of the purposes served by a psychologist in a jail or prison?

A)Scare tactics to dissuade from crime
B)Rehabilitation of inmates
C)Adult corrections through medication
D)All of these are correct

Question 37

As of 2015, __________________ adult men and women were under some kind of community supervision.

A)9.6 million
B)8.3 million
C)6.4 million
D)4.6 million

Question 38

The most frequent offenses for those on probation and parole are _______.

A)murder
B)assault
C)drug charges
D)larceny

Question 39

Individuals who have been charged with offenses, but have not yet been convicted Often, are housed in ________.

A)jails
B)prisons
C)halfway houses
D)None of these are correct.

Question 40

One of the intensive aftercare for juvenile offenders typically involves _____.

A)long-term reintegrative activities
B)postrelease planning and probation
C)community-based interventions with preconditions
D)All of these are correct.

Question 41

What are the two important considerations that recur in juvenile forensic assessment?

A)Public safety and treatment needs/amenability
B)Public safety and parole/probation requirements
C)Retribution and parole/probation requirements
D)Retribution and treatment needs/amenability

Question 42

Delinquent youths under school-based probation _______.

A)have their attendance, performance, and behavior in school monitored by a probation officer
B)have their drug use monitored but do not receive any substance abuse treatment
C)are exposed to shaming, moral outrage, and peer pressure within the school environment
D)are given mental health treatment but no substance abuse treatment

Question 43

Which of the following is true of Multisystemic Therapy (MST)?

A)Treatment integrity of MST varies from place to place.
B)MST therapists are available on weekends between 6 A.M. and 6 P.M.
C)The rate of engaging and retaining families in treatment is very low.
D)The training of MST therapists is highly standardized.

Question 44

Bourgon and Armstrong (2005)did a study to investigate how much treatment is needed to reduce criminal offending. Their results suggest that _______.

A)all prisoners would benefit from the maximum amount of treatment.
B)it doesn't matter how much treatment one provides; offenders will still reoffend at the same rate.
C)it is not possible to have a favorable impact on a prisoner over a relatively short period of time.
D)offenders with different risk/need levels require different amount of treatment for an effective "dosage."

Question 45

Stan has been in prison for almost a year. When he first arrived, he had trouble sleeping and was very fearful. As the year progressed, he developed a "tough guy" veneer and now has a general understanding of the culture of the prison. According to Clemmer (1958), Stan has undergone _________.

A)colonization
B)prisonization
C)tolerazation
D)habituation

Question 46

Diversion in drug courts comes in two forms. One of which states that those ______.

A)who are charged with a crime may be temporarily diverted from prosecution, with the stipulation that they successfully complete the requirements imposed in drug court.
B)who are convicted of a crime may be diverted to drug court to avoid prison or modify their probation conditions.
C)who are charged with a crime may be diverted entirely from prosecution without stipulating that they successfully complete the requirements imposed in drug court.
D)who are convicted of a crime may be diverted to drug court after their prison sentence or probation ends.

Question 47

According to various studies, youth treated with OTFC (Oregon Treatment Foster Care)_______.

A)were less likely to complete treatment
B)spent less time with biological relatives
C)spent less time in detention over the next year
D)were arrested more often during treatment

Question 48

What are the potential repercussions when reentry services are voluntary?

A)The compliance rate is very less in those who seek out reentry services.
B)There is a self-selection process for reentry services.
C)There are higher recidivism rates for those who participate in the program.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 49

What does the SAVRY (Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth)prompt the user to use or not use?

A)Disregard the nature of all previous cases of offending.
B)Include contextual factors such as family, school, and peers.
C)Disregard personal factors such as anger, impulsivity, and callousness.
D)Include influences such as social support, not attitudes toward intervention.

Question 50

In the context of psychological services provided to jail inmates, what does the service of diversion determine?

A)Whether a pre-trial inmate might meet criteria to be moved from a juvenile court to a criminal court
B)Whether an inmate might meet criteria to be moved from a maximum-security prison to a minimum-security prison
C)Whether an inmate might meet criteria for his/her probation conditions to include drug use monitoring and mental health treatment
D)Whether a pre-trial inmate might meet criteria for a community-based program such as drug court or mental health court

Question 51

The community supervision/discharge phase of inmate reentry includes_________.

A)supervision and monitoring of services
B)revocation decision-making
C)discharge and aftercare planning
D)All of these are correct.

Question 52

The reentry of inmates into the community can be broken into__________.

A)the prerelease and postrelease phases
B)the release and community supervision/discharge phases
C)the entry and discharge phases
D)None of these are correct.

Question 53

Many inmates show a particular pattern of coping mechanisms in response to high levels of prison stress. They may ___________.

A)become hypervigilant
B)project a "tough guy veneer."
C)socially isolate themselves
D)All of these are correct.

Question 54

Individuals may become hypervigilant, learn to project a "tough-guy veneer," socially isolate themselves and suppress any signs of emotion, and become generally distrustful of others as a result of ______.

A)long-term incarceration
B)routine formation during school-based probation
C)FFT in reducing the risk of substance abuse
D)probation involving frequent monitoring contact

Question 55

Who are the main players in the OTFC (Oregon Treatment Foster Care)team?

A)A case manager, teachers, and probation officers
B)A case manager, therapists, and foster parents
C)A parole officer, therapists, and foster parents
D)A probation officer, teachers, and foster parents

Question 56

Do mental health courts handle both felony and misdemeanor offenders?

A)No, such offenders are mostly outside their jurisdiction.
B)No, they mandate that such offenders first serve their term in prison.
C)Yes, although some courts exclude those charged with felonies.
D)Yes, although some courts exclude those charged with misdemeanors.

Question 57

Persons who partake in community-based reintegration programs have been found to be _________.

A)less likely to be rearrested
B)just as likely to be arrested
C)more likely to be arrested
D)more likely to be hospitalized

Question 58

In the 1980s, which of the following approach (or approaches)has been particularly effective in reducing the prevalence of drug abuse and drug-related crime?

A)Punishing drug offenders by incarcerating them for long periods (the public safety approach)
B)Providing treatment while conceptualizing drug addiction as a disease (the public health approach)
C)Neither the public safety approach nor the public health approach
D)A case-by-case judicious use of the public safety approach as well as the public health approach

Question 59

Assessing the risk and risk-relevant needs in juveniles, Andrews, Bonta, and Hoge (1990)described three separate considerations, which they termed _______.

A)risk, need, and responsivity
B)risk, need, and recidivism
C)relapse, resilience, and responsivity
D)relapse, reboot, and regeneration

Question 60

Some prison settings have what is known as a therapeutic community. Which of the following characteristics would one likely find in such a community?

A)Group therapy
B)All staff members are part of the rehabilitation process
C)Training on how to recognize high-risk situations
D)All of these are correct.

Question 61

Individuals who are incarcerated in prison have all been convicted of criminal offenses.

Question 62

Behavioral treatments for delinquent juveniles provided in residential facilities do not generalize to the community after discharge.

Question 63

Imprisoning offenders is the most effective approach to reducing the risk of future offending.

Question 64

The use of Functional Family Therapy with juveniles is associated with a significant reduction in recidivism when compared to those receiving no treatment or "treatment as usual."

Question 65

Research suggests that, if services are delivered and clients participate, mental health courts could favorably impact ______.

A)symptoms amelioration but not reoffense risk reduction
B)reoffense risk reduction but not symptoms amelioration
C)both symptoms amelioration and reoffense risk reduction
D)neither symptoms amelioration nor reoffense risk reduction

Question 66

Individuals who are awaiting trial often spend that time in prison.

Question 67

Offenders who are convicted of criminal offenses will be assessed at some time, either as part of the legal proceeding or post sentencing, to gauge their risk and rehabilitation needs. In the prison system, this is called _______.

A)prisonization
B)diversion
C)responsivity
D)classification

Question 68

Multisystemic Therapy has been shown to be effective with violent juvenile offenders and with juveniles with substance abuse.

Question 69

Oregon Treatment Foster Care is effective as an intervention but is NOT cost-effective.

Question 70

The release phase of reentry includes a parole plan for supervision, housing, employment and even drug testing if necessary.

Question 71

Multisystemic Therapy with juveniles charged with serious offenses has been shown to reduce recidivism.

Question 72

Which of the following would you count among the criminogenic needs of an offender?

A)Probation and parole requirements
B)Substance abuse and family problems
C)Drug courts and juvenile courts
D)Correctional interventions

Question 73

Oregon Treatment Foster Care has been found to be a generally effective intervention.

Question 74

Even though Multisystemic Therapy focuses on the individual, family, peer, school, and social networks, it has not been shown to be effective.

Question 75

Research suggests that those who are processed through mental health court but do not complete it are rearrested at about the same rate as those who went the typical "prosecution/conviction/incarceration" route.

Question 76

The risk-need-responsivity model applies only to juveniles, not adults.

Question 77

Individual characteristics of the juveniles being treated have a great impact on the outcome of the treatment.

Question 78

There is a much higher rate of severe mental illness in jail than in the general population.

Question 79

Functional Family Therapy is provided by a single therapist.

Question 80

The use of scare tactics, such as that used in the program Scared Straight, is typically effective in reducing the rates of violence, antisocial behavior, and risky health behavior in adolescents.