Deck 25: Quest for Consensus, 1952-1960

Question 1

Eisenhower's massive retaliation strategy required a political skill called

A)statesmanship
B)brinkmanship
C)counterinsurgency
D)deceit.

Answer 1

brinkmanship

Question 2

In 1960, the Soviets withdrew from a planned summit after

A)American trade restrictions prevented them from buying wheat.
B)American protestors threw eggs at the motorcade of Premier Nikita Khrushchev.
C)their ambassador to Great Britain defected to the West.
D)they shot down an American spy plane.

Answer 2

they shot down an American spy plane.

Question 3

The Eisenhower Administration did all of the following EXCEPT

A)approve private ownership of nuclear power plants.
B)begin the elimination of federal economic support to tribes.
C)return much of the nation's offshore oil sources to state authority.
D)remove federal farm subsidies.

Answer 3

remove federal farm subsidies.

Question 4

The Eisenhower Doctrine

A)increased federal support for Indians.
B)nationalized all nuclear power plants.
C)called for abolishing Social Security as a form of "creeping socialism."
D)provided military and economic aid to Arab nations to help defeat communism.

Question 5

A new president of Guatemala began nationalizing land owned by the United Fruit Company. In 1953, the United States responded by

A)sending in two divisions of Marines to drive him from power.
B)using the CIA to replace him with a military leader.
C)complaining to the United Nations.
D)freezing Guatemalan assets until the company was compensated.

Question 6

All of the following is true about the Federal Highway Act of 1956, EXCEPT:

A)It was supposed to meet the needs of an automobile driven nation.
B)The military needed such a nationwide transportation network.
C)It was a major federal spending program under Republican president Eisenhower.
D)It was designed to address unemployment among unskilled workers.

Question 7

When the French garrison at Dienbienphu was at the brink of surrender to the attacking nationalist Viet Minh, Eisenhower

A)committed American troops to support the French.
B)committed American troops to serve as a peace force.
C)considered the use of nuclear bombs.
D)concluded that no military victory was possible in that kind of theater.

Question 8

In On the Beach, novelist Nigel Shute

A)criticized the conformity of the 1950s.
B)attacked the wastefulness of the space race.
C)portrayed the horror of nuclear war.
D)challenged the racism of American society.

Question 9

Successful disc jockey Alan Freed, an early promoter of rock 'n' roll, saw his career end when

A)rock 'n' roll proved to be only a passing fad.
B)he was caught up in a scandal involving drugs and prostitutes.
C)he was caught up in a scandal involving payola.
D)he was killed in a plane crash.

Question 10

What was one of Dwight Eisenhower's key goals upon becoming president?

A)Reducing the presence of the federal government
B)Increasing the size of the military
C)Strengthening the New Deal
D)Reinstating Douglas MacArthur

Question 11

The Spirit of Geneva refers to

A)reduced East/West tensions after a U.S./Soviet summit in 1955.
B)a strain of bad luck in the Vietnam War.
C)a marching slogan in the civil rights movement.
D)A movie from 1958 depicting the plight of suburban housewives.

Question 12

All of the following is true about the Suez Crisis, EXCEPT

A)Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser began to buy Soviet arms.
B)Eisenhower cancelled the American financing of the Aswan Dam.
C)Nasser nationalized the Anglo-French owned Suez Canal.
D)The U.S. responded immediately with Marines and the Air Force.

Question 13

Senator Joseph McCarthy's efforts were discredited when he investigated alleged Communist influence in the

A)Ku Klux Klan.
B)Boy Scouts.
C)U.S. Army.
D)Roman Catholic Church.

Question 14

How did the United States view the Geneva Agreement?

A)As an opportunity to expand American influence in Southeast Asia
B)As a disaster
C)As the first step in halting Communist expansion
D)As a guarantee of American commercial success

Question 15

American problems in the 1950s in Iran were the result of

A)Communist spies.
B)America's traditional opposition to monarchy.
C)a prime minister who nationalized British-owned oil properties.
D)Islamic fundamentalism.

Question 16

Under Eisenhower, the CIA grew fivefold and spent ____ of its resources on covert activities.

A)50 percent.
B)60 percent.
C)80 percent.
D)100 percent.

Question 17

Why did the successful launching of Soviet satellites create panic across the United States?

A)It was feared that the Soviets had already developed a star wars program.
B)It was feared that the Soviets had demonstrated superior first-strike capability.
C)Soviet satellite technology demonstrated that most Americans were now victims of espionage.
D)It seemed to underscore basic weaknesses in the American educational system.

Question 18

After 1953, the focus of the Cold War

A)was fixed on the use of nuclear weapons.
B)was the buildup of American forces to include one million fresh troops ready to fight.
C)shifted away from Europe to the developing nations.
D)was fixed exclusively on the providing of economic assistance to Europe.

Question 19

All of the following is true about Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution in Cuba, EXCEPT

A)It toppled the corrupt and dictatorial Fulgencio Batista.
B)Embarrassed by Batista, many American observers had hoped for a pro-American attitude in Castro.
C)Castro's social and economic reforms began to endanger American investments and interests.
D)Castro's revolution had depended on Soviet arms supplies.

Question 20

The Geneva Agreement

A)divided Vietnam into the Communist North and the anti-Communist South.
B)promised to reunite Vietnam by 1968.
C)created a Southeast Asia regional trade organization.
D)promised the French compensation for losing Vietnam.

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Adlai E. Stevenson

Question 22

Which of the following rock'n' roll artists covered the songs of black artists with censored lyrics that would get played on regular radio stations?

A)Elvis Presley
B)Ray Charles
C)Chuck Berry.
D)Pat Boone

Question 23

Which statement best describes the Eisenhower Administration's role in the civil rights movement?

A)Eisenhower himself pressured courts to apply Brown v. Board of Education as broadly as possible.
B)Vice President Richard Nixon called for a law that would make the federal government responsible for registering black voters.
C)Attorney General Herbert Brownell drafted the 1957 Civil Rights Act that created a Civil Rights Commission.
D)Secretary of State John Foster Dulles claimed that segregation laws in the United States encouraged newly emerging African states to go Communist.

Question 24

Alfred Kinsey's studies of sexuality revealed that

A)significant numbers of gays and lesbians lived secret lives throughout American society.
B)fewer than 5 percent of all women had been unfaithful to their husbands.
C)most women would rather be held than have intercourse.
D)at most, 1 percent of all females were lesbians.

Question 25

Television programs of the 1950s emphasized

A)the threat of Communism.
B)the importance of the individual.
C)family values.
D)challenging accepted social norms.

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Dwight Eisenhower

Question 27

What did the Supreme Court decide in Cooper v. Aaron (1959)?

A)Public accommodations could not be segregated.
B)Interstate travel facilities had to be available to all.
C)States could not block integration of schools, either directly or indirectly.
D)States could not regulate interracial relationships.

Question 28

Rock 'n' roll evolved most directly from

A)rhythm and blues.
B)jazz.
C)country and western.
D)skiffle.

Question 29

The film Rebel Without a Cause portrayed the revolt of

A)African Americans.
B)teenagers.
C)homosexuals.
D)farm workers.

Question 30

Books like The Lonely Crowd (1950)and Catcher in the Rye (1951)

A)described male insecurity in a female-dominated world.
B)were banned in several major cities for their exploration of sexual themes.
C)attacked the decline of American morals.
D)criticized the American pressure to conform and the phoniness of American life.

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Alan Freed

Question 32

What was President Eisenhower's role in the efforts in 1957 to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?

A)When segregationist mobs attacked black children and began to riot, he sent in federal troops to keep order.
B)He went on national television and told the American people that segregation was wrong.
C)He ordered his attorney general to file a friend of the court brief that supported the school board's efforts to maintain segregation.
D)He congratulated the governor for being willing to "stand in the schoolhouse door" to keep out black children.

Question 33

The Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis fought for the rights of

A)industrial workers.
B)Hispanic Americans.
C)homosexuals and lesbians.
D)religious minorities.

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Sputnik

Question 35

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court ruled that

A)southern states had to improve the quality of black schools to make them truly separate and equal.
B)segregation was morally wrong, but that it was a matter for legislatures to address rather than the courts.
C)separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and school districts should eliminate them with all deliberate speed.
D)segregated schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment and must be closed.

Question 36

The average woman in 1954 did all of the following, EXCEPT:

A)prefer marriage over career.
B)want to remove the word obey from her marriage vows
C)buy a steadily growing range of consumer goods
D)become active in civil rights and party politics.

Question 37

The biggest contributor to economic growth during the 1950s was

A)children's products.
B)national security spending.
C)television.
D)the growth of two-income families.

Question 38

By 1956, white-collar workers

A)had organized themselves into unions.
B)had grown in numbers but were still a minority in the workforce.
C)outnumbered blue-collar workers for the first time.
D)had been ruled ineligible to receive unemployment insurance.

Question 39

Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that decided the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

A)James F. Byrnes
B)Earl Warren
C)Warren Burger
D)Hugo Black

Question 40

U.S. corporations in the 1950s

A)were struggling to hold their ground against German and Japanese competition.
B)were growing into ever larger conglomerates.
C)struggled to hold on to their profits.
D)worried about federal spending on national security instead of civilian technologies.

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
"Peaceful coexistence"

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Beats

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Federal Highway Act of 1956

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Viet Minh

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Nikita Khrushchev

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Ranch home

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Brown v. Board of Education

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Domino theory

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
The Lonely Crowd

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Fallout shelters

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Cuban Revolution

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Warsaw Pact

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Eisenhower Doctrine

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Benjamin Spock

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Rock 'n roll

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
New Look

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Covert operations

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Jacobo Arbenz

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Army-McCarthy hearings

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Civil Rights Act of 1957

Question 62

Have students evaluate the essence of Eisenhower's "modern Republicanism."

Question 63

Evaluate the following statement: The Eisenhower Administration's foreign policy used the rhetoric of confrontation with the Soviet Union but practiced peaceful coexistence.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Central High School, Little Rock

Question 65

Evaluate the following statement: The foundations for the civil rights movement were laid in the 1950s.

Question 66

How did the defense spending of the 1950s affect the American economy?

Question 67

For many contemporary Americans, the decade of the 1950s was an age of Leave it to Beaver when families' worst problems were the children who chewed gum in class. How accurate are these assumptions?

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Southern Christian Leadership Conference