Deck 15: Reconstruction: High Hopes and Shattered Dreams, 1865

Question 1

Lincoln's "Ten-Percent Plan" promised

A)a full pardon and restoration of rights to those who swore loyalty to the Union.
B)the outlawing of secession.
C)that the Union war debt would be paid in full.
D)that full citizenship rights would be granted to black people.

Answer 1

a full pardon and restoration of rights to those who swore loyalty to the Union.

Question 2

The Thirteenth Amendment

A)granted full rights of citizenship to black people.
B)cancelled all Confederate war debts.
C)gave black males the right to vote.
D)abolished slavery.

Answer 2

abolished slavery.

Question 3

The first African-American to serve in the US House of Representative was

A)Thaddeus Rainey.
B)Pierpont Johnson.
C)Joseph Rainey.
D)Frederick Douglass.

Answer 3

Joseph Rainey.

Question 4

The very first institutions that African Americans fully controlled were

A)churches.
B)schools.
C)local governments.
D)state governments.

Question 5

General Sherman's Special Field Order No. 15

A)required that black troops be paid at the same rate as white troops.
B)ordered a "march to the sea" that destroyed large portions of Georgia.
C)gave black families 40 acres of farmland and an army mule.
D)ordered the arrest of Confederate officials.

Question 6

What did the end of slavery force southerners of both races to do?

A)Accept each other as equals
B)Swear a loyalty oath to the Union
C)Develop new social, economic, and political patterns
D)Enlist in the Union Army to help rebuild the South

Question 7

Of all the new opportunities available to former slaves, the one they most sought to improve their lives was

A)religion.
B)education.
C)moving from place to place.
D)land.

Question 8

How did most white southerners view Johnson and his plan for Reconstruction?

A)They mistrusted him because he had opposed the Confederacy.
B)They were frightened by his plan and began leaving the South in large numbers.
C)They viewed him as their protector.
D)They believed that Johnson and his plan would punish them.

Question 9

Which statement best describes the origins of sharecropping?

A)The federal government was unwilling to help the freed people in any way, so they had no alternative but to go into sharecropping.
B)Most former slaves preferred wage labor, but terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan forced them to accept sharecropping.
C)The freed people recognized that under sharecropping they could earn more money than through wage labor, if they worked harder.
D)The South was short of capital, and landowners found it easier to pay workers in kind, rather than in cash.

Question 10

The organization designed to assist slaves in their transition to freedom by providing protection, education, and life skills was

A)The Former-Slave Benevolent Society.
B)The Freedmen's Bureau.
C)The US Sanitation Commission.
D)The Red Cross.

Question 11

Andrew Johnson

A)had a degree from Harvard University.
B)came from a respected planter family in Tennessee.
C)had an African American mother.
D)was the only southern senator who rejected the Confederacy.

Question 12

What stopped the Freedman's Bureau from distributing land to former slaves?

A)President Johnson ordered confiscated land returned to its former owners.
B)There simply wasn't enough good farmland in the South.
C)Bureau officials were corrupt and sold most of it to northern speculators.
D)The freed people were too ignorant to know how to use it effectively.

Question 13

All of the following statements about Ku Klux Klan are accurate, EXCEPT:

A)It was led by a former Confederate General.
B)Their practice of terror suggests that Klan members themselves felt extremely powerful in local politics.
C)the Klan included small-scale farmers and workers, but prominent community leaders as well.
D)Klan members acted locally without following a central control.

Question 14

Congress refused to seat delegates from southern states in 1865 because

A)the states had not ratified the Thirteenth Amendment.
B)all were former Confederate officials.
C)northerners refused to allow representation to the South until Union troops were no longer needed in the region.
D)Republicans did not believe the new southern state governments were committed to protecting the freed people.

Question 15

All of the following were common expressions of freedom for African Americans in the South, EXCEPT:

A)The emigration to Africa.
B)The acquisition of guns.
C)The choice of a new name.
D)Travel.

Question 16

Radical Republicans believed that creating an economy based on free labor in the South would

A)relieve some of the overcrowding in northern cities.
B)further democracy in the region.
C)pull poor whites away from their political ties to the planter class.
D)prevent the region from threatening national stability again.

Question 17

Radical Republicans

A)opposed slavery not on moral grounds, but because they believed that free labor was more productive.
B)feared that wage labor could be in conflict with the principles of democracy.
C)believed that slaves worked to please their masters, whereas free workers worked for social progress.
D)believed that free labor was central to the dynamism of Northern society and economy.

Question 18

What happened with the bill to extend the life of the Freedman's Bureau?

A)It was narrowly passed by Congress, and President Johnson reluctantly signed it.
B)Congress passed it, but President Johnson vetoed it.
C)Congress passed it, President Johnson vetoed it, and Congress overrode the veto.
D)Congress passed it, President Johnson signed it, but the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.

Question 19

The Black Codes passed by southern legislatures in late 1865 and 1866

A)gave former male slaves the right to vote.
B)distributed abandoned plantation land.
C)declared that slaves who served in the Union Army were rebels.
D)restricted African Americans' economic opportunities.

Question 20

A common way for the freed people to express their freedom was to

A)quit their jobs.
B)move around.
C)register to vote.
D)demand to be admitted to the whites' churches.

Question 21

One major effect of the Civil War was that it resolved any question that the US federal government

A)could stand up to foreign intervention.
B)was a state-centered government.
C)determined who could or could not vote in elections.
D)was indivisible, with full authority over the states.

Question 22

President Andrew Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 on the grounds that

A)it violated the Bill of Rights.
B)it failed to address the plight of southern blacks.
C)it violated states' rights.
D)it was unenforceable.

Question 23

Political corruption during Reconstruction

A)produced the most dishonest governments in southern history.
B)was part of a national pattern.
C)was most notorious among uneducated black officials.
D)was virtually nonexistent.

Question 24

Why did Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton object to the Fourteenth Amendment?

A)It did not give women the right to vote.
B)It prohibited states from assuming any of the Confederate debt.
C)The word "male" was in the Constitution in connection with voting rights.
D)It denied black females the right to vote.

Question 25

Many scalawags joined the Republicans because

A)they had strong business ties to the North.
B)they supported the party's stand on civil rights.
C)they felt the Republicans could rebuild the South more quickly.
D)they wanted to wrest power from the planter elites.

Question 26

After 1869, several leading southern Democrats changed tactics and

A)accepted black suffrage.
B)joined the Republican Party.
C)began to use violence to stop Reconstruction measures.
D)boycotted elections they knew they could not win.

Question 27

What was a carpetbagger?

A)A northern-born white Republican living in the South
B)A southern-born poor white
C)A follower of the Ku Klux Klan
D)A southern-born industrialist

Question 28

What specific act did the House of Representatives cite in its attempt to impeach Andrew Johnson?

A)He pardoned Jefferson Davis in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
B)He removed Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act.
C)An independent investigator revealed that Johnson had taken bribes.
D)Johnson issued an executive order that raised his own pay.

Question 29

What pushed Congress to create the Military Reconstruction Act?

A)Johnson's continued insistence on the 10 percent plan
B)The fear that the Fourteenth Amendment might be defeated
C)The inability of the former Confederate states to form new governments
D)Johnson's veto of the bill to reauthorize the Freedman's Bureau

Question 30

The effort to impeach and remove President Andrew Johnson

A)failed when the Supreme Court ruled that he had done nothing to deserve it.
B)forced his resignation from the presidency.
C)established the principle that Congress can remove an unpopular president.
D)failed by one vote.

Question 31

Which of the following is not an important aspect of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A)It gave African Americans the right to vote.
B)The Amendment protected individual civil rights against the interference of states.
C)The Amendment prohibits the deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
D)The Amendment defined American citizenship.

Question 32

The Fourteenth Amendment

A)guarantees that the Confederate war debt will be paid in full.
B)grants to states the right to determine who is and is not a citizen.
C)gives black males the right to vote.
D)requires that states uphold the principle of equality before the law.

Question 33

The boom in railroad building during the 1870s led to

A)the amazing economic recovery of the South.
B)widespread political corruption.
C)the creation of a new national bank.
D)more stringent financing laws.

Question 34

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited discrimination in

A)public accommodations.
B)education.
C)polling places.
D)hiring.

Question 35

The typical Republican voter in the South during Reconstruction was a

A)Yankee businessman.
B)small farmer from the mountains.
C)former slave.
D)former slaveholder.

Question 36

How many southern states had met the requirements of congressional Reconstruction by the election of 1868?

A)0
B)1
C)7
D)all

Question 37

Which statement regarding the Fifteenth Amendment is most accurate?

A)It had the active support of women's suffragists like Susan B. Anthony.
B)It prohibits states from using race as a qualification for voting.
C)It greatly broadened American notions of citizenship, guaranteeing the vote to African Americans, immigrants, and propertyless males.
D)It put the federal government in charge of registering people to vote.

Question 38

Black Republicans

A)often braved considerable personal danger by participating in Southern politics.
B)formed a sizable minority in the Southern wing of the Republican party.
C)typically had many years of experience as community organizers.
D)often had been active in the Democratic party prior to secession.

Question 39

An unintended effect of the Fifteenth Amendment that protected black suffrage was that it

A)applied to men and women of all races.
B)did not apply to women, many of whom were part of the abolition movement.
C)included black women, but not white women.
D)limited former confederates from voting.

Question 40

When it came to public education, many African Americans

A)did not trust southern states with the responsibility of education.
B)favored segregation to protect their children from white supremacist rhetoric.
C)favored racially integrated schools.
D)hoped that churches would assume the role of institutions of public education.

Question 41

Historians today recognize all of the following as reasons for the collapse of Reconstruction, EXCEPT:

A)Internal flaws in Reconstruction governments.
B)Divisions within the Republican party.
C)A lack of commitment to the cause among freed blacks.
D)Political terrorism in the South.

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Crop lien

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Andrew Johnson

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Freed people

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Civil Rights Acts

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Black codes

Question 47

The Compromise of 1877

A)ended disagreements among Republicans.
B)was when Democrats formally accepted that black people had the right to vote.
C)ended northern attempts to protect Republican governments in the South.
D)brought tens of thousands of southern whites into the Republican Party.

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Radical Republicans

Question 49

The Mississippi Plan of 1875

A)was a railroad scheme that went bankrupt.
B)saw black voters voting Democratic in return for guarantees of civil rights.
C)failed to win the state for the Democratic Party.
D)drove Republicans from power by violence.

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Sharecropping

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Thaddeus Stevens

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Question 53

With regard to Reconstruction, northern Democrats

A)had always opposed it.
B)feared that its failure would mean a mass black exodus northward.
C)had accepted the principle of black equality.
D)had always urged President Grant to use military force to protect black rights.

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Thirteenth Amendment

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Joseph Rainey

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Sherman land

Question 57

Why did President Grant refuse to use federal troops to combat the violence of the Mississippi Plan?

A)The government could not afford to pay for another conflict.
B)The Democrats in the House of Representatives blocked his efforts.
C)He needed southern votes in the next presidential election.
D)He feared intervention in the South would hurt Republican candidates in the North.

Question 58

In the presidential election of 1876

A)a reform-oriented third party nearly won.
B)Democrats and Republicans claimed victory.
C)Democrats won by a narrow margin.
D)Republicans swept the nation.

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Racial integration

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Freedmen's Bureau

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Scalawags

Question 62

To what extent is it valid to claim that Abraham Lincoln was "the Great Emancipator"?

Question 63

Describe the economic fate of freed people during and immediately following Reconstruction.

Question 64

Explain why Johnson and the Radical Republicans fought so fiercely over Reconstruction.

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Compromise of 1877

Question 66

By 1877, there were no Republican governments left in the South. How do you account for that?

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Fifteenth Amendment

Question 69

To what extent is it valid to claim that Reconstruction was a failure? To what extent was it a success?

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Carpetbaggers

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Impeachment

Question 72

How did the freed people try to take control of their fate during Reconstruction?

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Military Reconstruction Acts

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Fourteenth Amendment