Deck 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

White adipose tissue is considered to be the heat-generating tissue of animals.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A person's metabolism slows down in response to a lower calorie intake.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is not a risk of being underweight?

A)Early death during a famine or in a siege
B)High risk of developing heart disease
C)Death from starvation when suffering from cancer
D)High risk of death following surgery
E)Deterioration of nutrition status during hospitalization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The BMI of a person can be used to determine his or her body fat content.

Question 5

Women in their reproductive years are likely to carry more intra-abdominal fat than women who are past menopause.

Question 6

One's BMI can be calculated by dividing one's weight (in kg)by one's height (in m²).

Question 7

Waist circumference reflects the degree of _____ in proportion to body fatness.

A)visceral fatness
B)gynoid obesity
C)subcutaneous fat
D)total body fatness
E)lean tissue

Question 8

Which of the following is not an obesity-related chronic disease?

A)Breast cancer
B)Osteoporosis
C)Stroke
D)Renal failure
E)Arthritis

Question 9

Basal metabolism represents a person's largest expenditure of energy, followed by physical activity and the thermic effect of food.

Question 10

The " energy in " side of the body's energy budget is measured in _____ that are obtained from foods and beverages.

A)joules
B)watts
C)calories
D)ergs
E)hartrees

Question 11

The set-point theory states that the body's regulatory controls will maintain the body weight over time and resist efforts to lose weight by dieting.

Question 12

The body stores excess fat in nephrocytes.

Question 13

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:

A)normal weight
B)overweight
C)underweight
D)obesity
E)morbid obesity

Question 14

Glycine is a pleasure-evoking neurotransmitter.

Question 15

Leptin is a hormone produced by the body to stimulate appetite and encourage eating.

Question 16

Bulimia nervosa is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa in both women and men.

Question 17

Which statement about basal metabolism is true?

A)It utilizes energy to support the voluntary activities of the body.
B)It can be enhanced rapidly through vigorous exercise.
C)It involves a conscious expenditure of energy.
D)It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine.
E)It increases in response to malnutrition or fasting.

Question 18

Deficient body fatness threatens survival during a famine or when a person must fight a disease.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about BMI is correct?

A)It is completely based on the height of a person.
B)It lies in the range of 18.5 to 25 for healthy individuals.
C)It is more than 25 for underweight individuals.
D)It lies in the range of 30 to 35 for overweight individuals.
E)It is less than 28.5 for obese individuals.

Question 20

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced purging.

Question 21

All of the following factors are associated with a high basal metabolic rate except:

A)stress
B)starvation
C)fever
D)youth
E)growth

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A)It increases with age.
B)It is independent of an individual's height.
C)It is higher for children and pregnant women.
D)It decreases with an increase in body mass.
E)It is not affected by stress hormone levels.

Question 23

What is the primary source of energy for the brain and the nervous system?

A)Protein
B)Glucose
C)Fat
D)Vitamins
E)Chloride

Question 24

Instant changes in body weight are most likely the result of all the following except :

A)changes in fat stores
B)changes in body fluid content
C)changes in electrolyte and fluid balance
D)changes in lean tissues such as muscles
E)changes in bone minerals

Question 25

The appetite-suppressing hormone produced by the adipose tissues is called _____.

A)endorphin
B)ghrelin
C)leptin
D)insulin
E)thyroxine

Question 26

Which statement about the body's response to energy surplus is false ?

A)Excess carbohydrate is converted to glycogen or fat and stored.
B)Protein is used to build muscles in response to exercise.
C)Alcohol is used as a fuel or converted into body fat for storage.
D)Excess fat is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids and stored.
E)Excess amino acids are stored in the muscles.

Question 27

Which of the following situations exposes a drawback of using BMI values as an indicator of health risk from obesity or underweight?

A)The highly developed musculature of athletes falsely decreases their BMI.
B)The increased weight of pregnant women falsely increases their BMI.
C)Increased activity with age falsely increases the BMI of adults over age 65.
D)The decreased muscle mass of older women falsely increases their BMI.
E)Increased body fatness falsely increases the BMI of adolescents over age 20.

Question 28

Which of the following types of chemical compounds can be used to lose body fluids?

A)Analgesics
B)Antipyretics
C)Diuretics
D)Antibiotics
E)Stimulants

Question 29

Identify the outside-the-body factor that contributes to obesity.

A)Prolonged physical inactivity
B)Inherited familial genes
C)Reduced screen time
D)Neighborhoods with public parks
E)Access to many supermarkets

Question 30

A healthy person with an average amount of body fat can survive for six to eight weeks with only water because of _____.

A)acidosis
B)thermogenesis
C)the conversion of fat into glycogen
D)lactic acid metabolism
E)ketosis

Question 31

Which types of foods can sustain feelings of fullness longer than other foods?

A)Foods high in digestible starch
B)Low-protein foods
C)Low-carbohydrate foods
D)High-fiber foods
E)Low-fat foods

Question 32

Which of the following physiological factors affect eating decisions?

A)Smell, sight, or taste of foods
B)Nutrient concentration in the blood
C)Stretch receptors of the stomach
D)Presence of other people and social stimulation
E)Hormonal and neural signals

Question 33

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the concentration of subcutaneous fat on the back of the arm?

A)A DEXA scan
B)BMR measurement
C)BMI measurement
D)A skinfold test
E)EER measurement

Question 34

Which of the following tissues is abundant in enzymes that promote thermogenesis without accomplishing any other work?

A)Lean tissue
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Smooth muscle
D)Brown adipose tissue
E)White adipose tissue

Question 35

Identify the food that is a rich source of the protein gluten.

A)Wheat bread
B)Rice cake
C)Mashed potato
D)Tapioca pudding
E)Boiled egg

Question 36

In the early stages of food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use _____ as fuel.

A)fat
B)glucose
C)protein
D)fructose
E)ketones

Question 37

Which of the following hormones is released by the stomach cells to stimulate appetite?

A)Insulin
B)Glucagon
C)Adrenaline
D)Ghrelin
E)Melatonin

Question 38

The hunger hormone ghrelin acts on the _____.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)hypothalamus
D)large intestine
E)liver

Question 39

Jessica weighs 125 lbs. She rode a bike at 17 mph for 25 minutes. What is the calorie cost of this activity?

A)178 calories
B)180 calories
C)185 calories
D)188 calories
E)190 calories

Question 40

A measure of energy output taken while a person is awake but relaxed is called the _____.

A)basal metabolic rate
B)basal metabolic index
C)resting metabolic rate
D)dynamic metabolic rate
E)resting metabolic index

Question 41

The accumulation of excess visceral fat in the body may lead to health complications because:

A)it is quickly mobilized and released into the bloodstream as HDL cholesterol
B)it can lead to chronic inflammation and severe coronary diseases
C)it may accumulate in the upper chest area and interfere with lung function
D)it decreases the ability of the body to absorb iron from the bloodstream
E)it leads to subcutaneous fat deposition and hence makes perspiration difficult

Question 42

All of these are complications of obesity surgery except :

A)dehydration
B)infection
C)high blood pressure
D)nausea
E)low blood glucose

Question 43

What would be your advice to an overweight person who is planning to lose weight?

A)To try a liquid diet
B)To increase the level of physical activity
C)To aim for reducing body weight by 50 percent
D)To start a fad diet program
E)To skip at least one meal every day

Question 44

Foods that are high in _____ often lead to weight gain.

A)plant proteins
B)nonnutritive sweeteners
C)nutrient density
D)energy density
E)complex carbohydrates

Question 45

One of the major benefits of physical activity for weight management is:

A)an increase in appetite immediately after exercise
B)an increase in lean muscle tissue that burns more energy
C)the ability to eat high-calorie snacks
D)an ability to maintain an elevated BMR for several hours after exercise
E)a significant reduction in continuous cravings for food

Question 46

John consumes 1930 calories per day, weighs 200 lbs., and is 5′9″ tall. What would be an appropriate daily calorie intake to help him lose weight safely and steadily?

A)1,000-1,200 calories
B)1,800-1,900 calories
C)1,930-2,630 calories
D)1,180-1,430 calories
E)1,400-2,000 calories

Question 47

A female varsity soccer player has a BMI of 26, a waist circumference of 32″, and 23 percent of body fat. Which of the following statements is true of her body composition?

A)She is obese and at a risk of developing chronic diseases.
B)She has a high level of visceral fat accumulation.
C)Her body fat percentage will affect her performance.
D)She has a normal waist circumference and body fat percentage.
E)Her BMI will enhance her performance by burning excess body fat.

Question 48

What would be the most appropriate weight loss strategy for an obese individual whose BMI is above 40?

A)Herbal supplements
B)Gastric bypass surgery
C)Liposuction or lipectomy
D)Ephedrine-containing supplements
E)The keto diet and exercise program

Question 49

What should someone do to prevent regaining lost weight?

A)Avoid weighing himself or herself on a scale more than once a month.
B)Avoid weight-loss support programs such as Weight Watchers.
C)Monitor daily energy nutrient proportions.
D)Adopt a yo-yo diet.
E)Exercise regularly.

Question 50

The thermic effect of food contributes to the total energy expended in a day because:

A)certain foods and herbs increase the BMR when consumed
B)the metabolism of food accounts for 40% of the daily energy expenditure
C)it is much more efficient than the energy used for physical activity
D)it produces energy for the proper functioning of vital organs
E)metabolism remains elevated for several hours after a meal

Question 51

You have decided to skip lunch for several weeks to lose weight and fit into a favorite outfit for a special occasion. Which of the following is likely to be the greatest obstacle for this plan to succeed?

A)Hunger
B)Decreased metabolic rate
C)Satiation
D)Cognitive desires
E)Increased metabolic rate

Question 52

The major role that the hormone ghrelin plays in eating is to:

A)signal hunger when the stomach is empty
B)signal appetite when receiving an external stimulus
C)signal satiation when the stomach is full
D)signal satiation several hours after a meal
E)signal the breakdown of stored fat molecules

Question 53

You are weighing the players of a football team, and based on their BMI values they appear to be obese. What would you conclude based on the above data?

A)The majority of them are probably obese and should try to lose weight.
B)BMI values are applicable to young athletes since the values are derived from studies of older adults.
C)The athletes may have poor bone density, which falsely lowers their body weights.
D)The measurements of their weights and heights may be inaccurate.
E)Their high muscle mass is probably responsible for the elevated scale weights.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true for sedentary individuals?

A)Their BMR increases during sleep.
B)They maintain their BMR by performing physical activities.
C)They expend 50 to 65 percent of their energy on basal metabolism.
D)Their BMR will increase as they get older.
E)They will have a better lean body mass than physically active individuals.

Question 55

A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and 10 percent body fat. What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?

A)Her pregnancy outcome may be compromised by her too-low body fat.
B)She needs to increase her body fat percentage to 40 for pregnancy.
C)Her body composition is fine because she will gain weight during pregnancy.
D)She needs to reduce her body fat in preparation for pregnancy.
E)She will be unable to conceive as her BMI is less than 19.

Question 56

Johnnie's father is 5′11″ tall and weighs 165 lbs., while his mother weighs 164 lbs. and is 5′2″ tall. Johnnie's chances of becoming obese are at least _____ percent.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)50

Question 57

Paul is a 19-year-old athlete who is 6′ tall and weighs 178 lbs.; Rick is a 40-year-old salesman who weighs 165 lbs. and is 5′7″ tall. Who is likely to have the higher BMR and why?

A)Rick may have the higher BMR because he has a lower BMI.
B)Rick may have the higher BMR because he is older than Paul.
C)Rick may have the higher BMR because he has a low-stress occupation.
D)Paul may have the higher BMR because he has a higher BMI.
E)Paul may have the higher BMR because he is younger and taller than Rick.

Question 58

Fad diets are successful in the short term because they:

A)alter the body's metabolism
B)reduce satiety and hence appetite
C)provide the best balance of energy nutrients for weight loss
D)induce a calorie deficit
E)are easy to follow

Question 59

Waist circumference in the range of 35″ to 40″ is an indicator of _____.

A)alcohol addiction
B)central obesity
C)lower BMI
D)defective heart valves
E)improper liver function

Question 60

A woman weighs 210 lbs. and is 65″ tall. Calculate her BMI.

A)3.23
B)28
C)35
D)57
E)77

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true of recent physical activity trends in the United States?

A)Physical activity has increased over the past few years because of concerns with overweight.
B)Outdoor work and play are the main contributors to leisure time activity in this country.
C)Sedentary activities have replaced outdoor physical activities for many people.
D)Passive exercise with machines has helped people lose weight without physical exertion.
E)Obesity prevalence has risen because people eat too much after intense physical activity.

Question 62

Characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa include:

A)an awareness of their psychiatric condition
B)denial of being severely underweight
C)unfamiliarity with the caloric content of foods
D)an ability to maintain an ideal body weight
E)a constant urge for binge eating and purging

Question 63

Which food item has the greatest energy density?

A)50 grams of French fries that provide 167 calories
B)72 grams of baby carrots that provide 31 calories
C)39 grams of vanilla ice cream that provides 155 calories
D)65 grams of mushroom soup that provides 175 calories
E)30 grams of dark chocolate that provides 88 calories

Question 64

How can a city official change the built environment in his town to help promote the healthy weight status of its residents?

A)Invite a fitness center chain to open a franchise within city limits
B)Add bike lanes to busy roads within the city
C)Set an upper limit for the height of under-construction buildings
D)Permit business owners to set up shops on the sidewalks
E)Restrict the import of prepackaged foods

Question 65

A person who is trying to gain weight and muscle mass will achieve the best outcome by:

A)reducing physical activity, because it burns too many calories
B)choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue
C)limiting food intake to three large meals a day to eat more calories at a time
D)adding weight-gain supplements specially formulated for muscle building
E)selecting high-fat foods such as candy bars and potato chips because they provide the most fuel for workouts

Question 66

Successful treatment for a young woman with anorexia nervosa at 80% of her ideal body weight includes:

A)separation from her family for intense therapy
B)forced feeding through a feeding tube to quickly replace deficient nutrients
C)cognitive behavioral therapy, family counseling, and expert nutrition guidance
D)encouraging rapid weight gain to increase muscle mass
E)treatment that focuses only on the psychological processes driving the disordered behavior

Question 67

What is not recommended for physical activity in order to maintain a healthy body weight?

A)Short 10-minute sessions of physical activity to achieve exercise goals
B)Aerobic physical activity for 4 hours daily
C)More than 250 minutes per week of physical activities for significant weight loss
D)150-250 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity to prevent weight gain
E)Muscle-strengthening physical activity throughout the day

Question 68

You go to a movie theater after eating dinner and smell popcorn in the concession stand. Although you are full, you start salivating, your stomach grumbles, and you end up buying a bag of popcorn. To what can you attribute this eating decision?

A)Sensory influence
B)Social stimulation
C)Satiation
D)Postingestive influence
E)Postabsorptive influence

Question 69

A woman is using behavior modification to change her eating habits in order to lose weight. Which of the following behaviors would help her lose weight?

A)Buying food from vending machines, fast-food restaurants, and convenience stores
B)Saving money to reward herself with a lesson in a new activity such as handball or tennis
C)Choosing to dine with companions who prefer comfort food
D)Skipping meals to meet her daily calorie intake target
E)Using large plates, cups, and utensils for eating

Question 70

What is the energy density of a burger that weighs 100 grams and provides 240 calories?

A)0.43 cal\g
B)3.34 cal\g
C)1.62 cal\g
D)1.89 cal\g
E)2.40 cal\g

Question 71

You suspect that your new college roommate may have an eating disorder. Although she seems to have a normal body size, you have often heard her vomiting after a meal. Also, her tooth enamel is gradually decaying. She frequently eats three boxes of crackers at once to relieve stress and feels guilty afterward. These are most likely symptoms of:

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)binge eating disorder
D)the female athlete triad
E)typical college stress

Question 72

What is the most insignificant characteristic of a person with bulimia?

A)The person is close to her ideal body weight.
B)The person is unaware that her behavior is abnormal.
C)The person is unable to maintain a constant body weight.
D)The person is unable to control the desire for binge eating and purging.
E)The person is likely to vomit after a full meal.

Question 73

If a person fasts to lose weight, then how will his or her body react?

A)By increasing basal metabolism to burn calories
B)By breaking down fat molecules into ketone bodies
C)By cleansing itself of harmful toxins
D)By conserving its minerals by restricting their excretion
E)By converting fatty acid molecules into glucose for nervous tissues

Question 74

Kevin has a BMI of 28.5. How many calories should he eliminate from his diet every day to achieve weight loss?

A)100 calories
B)200 calories
C)300 calories
D)400 calories
E)600 calories

Question 75

Which of the following individuals experiences the highest calorie cost?

A)Sara, who weighs 145 lbs., and does step aerobics (0.062 cal\lb.\min)for 35 minutes
B)Ben, who weighs 180 lbs., and walks on the treadmill (0.048 cal\lb.\min)for 25 minutes
C)Mary, who weighs 120 lbs., and rides her bike (0.076 cal\lb.\min)for 20 minutes
D)Andrew, who weighs 163 lbs., and swims (0.058 cal\lb.\min)for 30 minutes
E)Kia, who weighs 185 lbs., and runs on the treadmill (0.061cal\lb.\min)for 25 minutes

Question 76

What is a valid recommendation for managing portion sizes of foods in order to manage weight?

A)Avoid prepared meal plans designed for weight loss.
B)Purchase reduced-calorie foods so you eat more of them.
C)Serve meals "family style" instead of on individual plates.
D)Select foods high in energy density.
E)Choose smaller plates, glasses, and utensils.

Question 77

How would you respond to an advertisement for a weight-loss diet that claims that eating certain foods can elevate the BMR and thus promote weight loss? How can someone change his or her BMR?

Question 78

An effective method for losing weight would be to:

A)set a single, long-term goal, even though it may take several years to accomplish
B)start with a very low calorie level to achieve quick weight loss
C)keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends
D)use a predesigned menu plan from a popular diet book that focuses on a single nutrient
E)follow a program or use a product that can either alter your genetic code or reset your metabolism

Question 79

Your aunt is considering gastric surgery as a possible option to help her lose weight because previous weight-loss diets have been unsuccessful. What advice would you give her before she undergoes the surgery?

A)She should not go through the surgery because the postoperative complications could be severe.
B)She should not go through the surgery as she can develop chronic diseases because of the surgery.
C)She should go through the surgery as the procedure is very simple and causes no complications.
D)She should be sure about the decision as she will need a lifetime of medical and nutritive supervision.
E)She should first achieve a BMI of 45 before undergoing the surgery to avoid any postoperative complications.

Question 80

The best way to use physical activity to assist with weight control is to:

A)begin a low-intensity exercise program to "jump-start" energy expenditure
B)participate in strength-building activities of short duration and many repetitions
C)go for a brisk walk for 30 minutes twice a week
D)exercise daily in conjunction with a substantial reduction in calories
E)exercise daily to make up for high-calorie meals and snacks