Deck 18: Sex for Sale

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a subtype of pornography?

A) Soft-core
B) Hard-core
C) Violent
D) Political

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Erotica can be distinguished from pornography because unlike pornography, erotica:

A) depicts genitalia.
B) appeals only to women.
C) portrays sexuality in a context of respect and mutuality.
D) is soft-core.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The word erotica is rooted in eros , or

A) "passionate love."
B) "chaste love."
C) "friendship."
D) "sexual relations."

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sexually explicit material (e.g., images or text) intended to cause sexual arousal is referred to as:

A) erotica.
B) pornography.
C) obscenity.
D) prostitution.

Question 5

Visual soft-core pornography:

A) includes explicit images of genitals.
B) is illegal in the United States and many other countries.
C) refers to sexually explicit material that has some literary, historical, or artistic merit.
D) does not include explicit images of genitals.

Question 6

Films such as Nina Hartley's Guide to Better Cunnilingus , which promote the development and expression of women's desire and arousal, are examples of:

A) degrading pornography.
B) bondage.
C) erotica.
D) soft-core pornography.

Question 7

According to your text, what is the main difference between pornography and erotica?

A) Pornography involves coercion, whereas erotica does not.
B) Pornography shows explicit images of genitals whereas erotica does not.
C) Erotica typically depicts participants as respectful, affectionate, and equal in power.
D) Erotica is generally much more explicit than pornography.

Question 8

Which of the following societies extensively used sexual themes to decorate housewares and public architecture?

A) Ancient Greece and Rome
B) Second Temple Judaism
C) The Islamic Golden Age
D) Victorian Great Britain

Question 9

The "money shot," a close-up of the man ejaculating outside of the woman's vagina or mouth, is a marker of:

A) erotica.
B) lesbian porn.
C) gay porn.
D) straight porn.

Question 10

Which of the following materials is MOST likely considered erotica?

A) An Internet website focused on descriptions of incestuous contacts
B) A romantic comedy with occasional nudity
C) A film including close-ups of the man ejaculating outside of the woman's vagina or mouth
D) A hard-core sex education movie intended to promote the development and expression of women's desire and arousal

Question 11

Kira and Gabrielle, a romantically involved female couple, are choosing a pornographic film. The film Kira and Gabrielle are about to see likely involves:

A) a real-life couple.
B) women with stereotypical underweight bodies and implant-enhanced large breasts.
C) more focus on plot than on costuming, or sex toys.
D) no mention of safer-sex practices.

Question 12

An ancient Indian love manual that summarized philosophies of sexuality and spirituality in its descriptions of specific sexual techniques is the:

A) Kama Sutra .
B) Perfumed Garden .
C) Pillow Book .
D) Song of Songs .

Question 13

Donald, a heterosexual male, is choosing a pornographic film. The film Donald will select most likely involves:

A) females of various body types.
B) close-up views of various positions of intercourse and oral and anal sex.
C) eroticism of the male body.
D) a carefully constructed plot and witty dialogue.

Question 14

Which of the following is comparable to mainstream straight pornography in terms of number of movies made and sales?

A) Lesbian pornography
B) Child pornography
C) Gay pornography
D) Bear pornography

Question 15

"Bear porn" features:

A) skinny men without body hair.
B) large men with extensive body hair.
C) large women with extensive body hair.
D) skinny men with extensive body hair.

Question 16

David and Marwan, a married male couple, are choosing a pornographic film. The film David and Marwan are about to see likely involves:

A) males who are not particularly physically attractive but have large penises.
B) more emphasis on plot and character development than on sexual acts.
C) very physically attractive males.
D) realistic encounters between actual lovers.

Question 17

What is LEAST accurate regarding lesbian porn films?

A) Far fewer lesbian porn films are made compared to films intended for heterosexuals or gay males.
B) Lesbian pornography tends to be low budget.
C) Most lesbian porn films feature real-life lovers.
D) Lesbian porn focuses on sex between the characters.

Question 18

Much of straight porn is based on a formula that includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) close-up views of various positions of intercourse.
B) two women having sex.
C) close-up views of well-groomed, muscular, and good-looking men.
D) group sex.

Question 19

Feminist pornography:

A) by definition does not exist.
B) includes depictions of female pleasure and various body types.
C) usually includes depictions of well-muscled males.
D) commonly involves males being dominated or physically abused, or both, by women.

Question 20

According to Quackenbush et al. (1995), which statement is accurate regarding pornography and college students?

A) Both male and female subjects found highly romantic and highly explicit material the most arousing.
B) Females subjects found highly romantic material more arousing than highly explicit material.
C) Male subjects found highly explicit material more arousing than highly romantic material.
D) Compared to female subjects, male subjects found highly romantic material more arousing.

Question 21

The ____ Amendment of the United States Constitution protects freedom of speech.

A) First
B) Second
C) Fourteenth
D) Nineteenth

Question 22

Federal law prohibits the:

A) sale of gay and lesbian pornography.
B) sale of pornography over the Internet.
C) sale of images of adult women pretending to be under age 18.
D) sale of pornographic materials costing more than $25 per copy.

Question 23

The invention of photography:

A) greatly reduced access to pornographic material.
B) ended the Christian church's ability to control the media in Western nations.
C) lead to increased government regulation of pornographic material.
D) increased the use of sexual images in religious art.

Question 24

Our nation and legal system are still debating whether or not sexually explicit materials should be protected by:

A) the Geneva Declaration.
B) freedom of speech.
C) universal human rights principles.
D) United Nations resolutions.

Question 25

The definition of obscenity is:

A) essentially the same as for pornography.
B) highly subjective.
C) universally accepted.
D) primarily religiously based.

Question 26

The majority of child porn consumers who are apprehended are:

A) convicted pedophiles.
B) black or Hispanic males.
C) lower income, poorly educated males of a variety of ethnic backgrounds.
D) white males of all ages and educational and occupational backgrounds.

Question 27

Legal issues surrounding pornography have focused on defining what is:

A) degrading.
B) pathological.
C) obscene.
D) unhealthy.

Question 28

The transition of the pornography business from an underground enterprise to a multibillion-dollar industry began in 1953, with the:

A) publication of the first issue of Playboy magazine.
B) success of Deep Throat.
C) development of the railroad and automobile.
D) development of photography.

Question 29

Johannes Gutenberg's development of the printing press:

A) led to the first laws passed in the United States restricting the dissemination of sexually explicit materials.
B) increased the Catholic Church's influence on sexuality by enabling mass dissemination of texts articulating the Church's teachings.
C) ended the Catholic Church's monopoly on the written word in Western society.
D) did not significantly affect the influence of the Catholic Church on views toward sexuality because Gutenberg himself was a priest.

Question 30

According to the Johnson Commission on Obscenity and Pornography, increased availability of pornography:

A) resulted in an increase in sex offenses.
B) did not result in an increase in sex offenses.
C) led to a significant decrease in sex offenses.
D) led to greater acceptance of sexual violence in several studies of college students.

Question 31

Caligula lived in Rome, Italy in the first century CE. Benedict lived in Rome in the 10th century CE. Both individuals were males. Compared to Caligula, Benedict:

A) would have had much more access to sexually explicit material.
B) would have had much less access to sexually explicit material.
C) would have been more comfortable with sexually explicit religious art.
D) would have had much more access to commercially printed media.

Question 32

The 1986 U.S. Attorney General's Commission on Pornography recommended that:

A) prostitution be decriminalized.
B) possession of child pornography be made a felony.
C) laws prohibiting access to pornography for adults should be repealed.
D) pornography be made more widely available to reduce rates of marital infidelity.

Question 33

The 1970 United States Commission on Obscenity and Pornography recommended:

A) prosecuting pornography vigorously and prohibiting "dial-a-porn" telephone services.
B) expanding laws prohibiting access to pornography for adults.
C) repealing all laws prohibiting access to pornography for adults.
D) legalizing child pornography.

Question 34

What was the response of leading researchers to the conclusions of the Meese Commission?

A) They praised the commission for basing its recommendations on a solid body of scientific evidence.
B) They disagreed with the commission's recommendation that possession of child pornography be made a felony.
C) They endorsed the commission's recommendation that current laws restricting adult's access to pornography be repealed.
D) They criticized the commission for basing its recommendations on politics instead of science.

Question 35

In regard to statistics about Internet use for sexually explicit content among adults, what percentage of all search engine requests are for sexual content?

A) 13%
B) 25%
C) 32%
D) 48%

Question 36

With the advent of photography, sexual photographs proliferated so extensively that Congress passed the first U.S. law prohibiting the:

A) selling of pornographic materials.
B) reproduction of prints.
C) mailing of obscenity.
D) printing of obscenity.

Question 37

Which of the following has NOT been banned somewhere due to the belief that it is obscene?

A) Tango Makes Three.
B) The Color Purple.
C) The Flames of Rome.
D) Ms. magazine .

Question 38

Availability of pornography was assisted by all EXCEPT which one of the following?

A) Gutenberg and movable metal type
B) Photography
C) The postal service
D) Internet

Question 39

According to the Supreme Court, which of the following is NOT a criterion for evaluating obscenity?

A) The theme of the work as a whole must appeal to prurient interest in sex.
B) The work must be offensive to community standards.
C) The work must be without serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
D) The work must cause corrupt or depraved behavior in at least some of the viewers.

Question 40

____ was the first adult film that drew mainstream audiences, including women, to X-rated movie houses.

A) Debbie Does Dallas
B) Deep Throat
C) Project Comstock
D) Fanny Hill

Question 41

According to one study discussed in your text, when compared to individuals who viewed sexually explicit material alone, couples who only viewed sexually explicit materials together reported:

A) higher sexual satisfaction.
B) lower sexual satisfaction for females but not for males.
C) less commitment to their relationship.
D) less communication about their sexual desires.

Question 42

Commonly depicted behaviors in pornographic films that present health risks include all of the following EXCEPT: .

A) the penis going directly from anus to vagina.
B) actors not using lubrication for vaginal or anal intercourse.
C) oral sex to both men and women portrayed as fast and rough.
D) using a condom during vaginal intercourse.

Question 43

Adult content on ____ became a multinational billion-dollar business in less than 1 year following the development of the technology.

A) mobile devices
B) television
C) streaming software
D) film

Question 44

Sexting:

A) has not yet been the focus of legislation.
B) is considered under some state laws to be child pornography when the sender or receiver is under 17 years of age.
C) by federal law is not considered a crime when both the receiving and the sending parties are minors.
D) refers to sending sexually explicit photos through the mail.

Question 45

Possible negative effects of viewing pornography include all of the following EXCEPT that:

A) viewers will come to assume what they see as "normal" and representing the sex they should be having in their own sexual encounters.
B) typical scenarios in most of pornography can be bad sex education.
C) people who view pornography tend to have a more restricted view of sexuality.
D) pornographic materials tend to reinforce gender stereotypes.

Question 46

Trent spends at least 2 hours a day looking at Internet pornography. Trent's friend, John, rarely intentionally looks at pornography. Compared to John, Trent:

A) is more likely to feel dissatisfied with the appearance of his genitals.
B) is more likely to be critical of men who commit rape.
C) likely experiences reduced sexual desire.
D) probably engages in less sexual experimentation.

Question 47

Sexual problems that males may experience related to their use of pornography include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) elevated sexual risk-taking behaviors, such as not using condoms.
B) the inability to experience or sustain an erection during partnered activity.
C) feeling inadequate or cheated when real-life partners are not as responsive as porn actresses.
D) reduced sex drive.

Question 48

In the Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

A) because the Internet is the most participatory form of communication ever developed, government regulation of its content should be minimal.
B) all forms of media, including child pornography, should be readily available on the Internet.
C) sexting should not be a crime for individuals under the age of 18.
D) while erotica should be readily available on the Internet, pornography, especially hard-core pornography, should be highly restricted.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true regarding sexually explicit content on the Internet?

A) Worldwide pornography revenues are higher than the combined revenues of Microsoft, Google, Amazon, eBay, Yahoo!, Apple, and Netflix.
B) About 13% of all search engine requests are for sexual content.
C) Although males commonly access pornography on the Internet, only a very small proportion of women do.
D) International studies have found that 50%-99% of men and 30%-86% of women have viewed Internet pornography.

Question 50

Censorship guidelines for "adult" products, services, and visual or written sexual content on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter:

A) tend to be very successful at keeping underage users from viewing sexually explicit content.
B) tend to be very specific, making them easy to follow.
C) are so broad and ambiguous they sometimes restrict health organizations' promotion of sex education and sexual health information.
D) have been declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 51

_______ represents another media where porn stars, such as Johnny Sins and Manuel Ferrara, post frequent vlogs about their life as well as tips to perform just like a porn star. :

A) Rental videos
B) The YouTube platform
C) Television
D) X-rated theaters

Question 52

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the dissemination of pornography on the Internet?

A) The legal system has not yet examined the dissemination of pornography on the Internet.
B) The Internet has expanded access to pornography to people who would not have visited an adult movie theater or bookstore, such as women.
C) Purchasing pornography via the Internet is punishable by fines, jail sentences, or both.
D) The Internet has not increased use of pornography by underage individuals due to strong controls on the large majority of websites.

Question 53

The standard porn sexual style is:

A) educational.
B) sensual.
C) impersonal.
D) friendly.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the history of prostitution?

A) Prostitutes were valued for the intellectual companionship in ancient Greece.
B) Sexual relations between men and prostitutes occurred as part of revered religious rituals.
C) Prostitution was unknown in medieval Europe.
D) In Renaissance Italy, courtesans provided social, intellectual, and sexual companionship to the most powerful men of the time.

Question 55

Possible benefits of viewing pornographic material include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) pornography can be a means for individuals to experience sexual arousal in ways they would not engage in in real life.
B) viewing pornography tends to help people develop more realistic expectations for their own sex lives.
C) viewing pornography can help individuals expand their sexual repertoires by exploring new sexual behaviors.
D) if members of a couple differ in how often they would like to be sexual together, pornography can facilitate sexual release for the partner with the higher sex drive.

Question 56

A nationwide study of 2 years' worth of credit card receipts from a major online provider of pornography found that states whose residents consume the most pornography tend to have:

A) less educated populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption.
B) more conservative and religious populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption..
C) more educated populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption.
D) less conservative and religious populations than states whose residents exhibit lower levels of consumption.

Question 57

A person who exchanges sexual services for money is referred to as a:

A) trafficker.
B) sex tourist.
C) pimp.
D) sex worker.

Question 58

Whenever Oksana wants her husband to buy her something particularly expensive, she tries to be especially sexually pleasing to him. Oksana really would like to leave her husband, but she stays with him because she knows she would not be able to maintain the same standard of living if they were to divorce. You could argue Oksana's conduct is similar to:

A) pornography.
B) sexting.
C) prostitution.
D) sex tourism.

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE regarding use of pornography by adolescents in the United States?

A) Adolescent boys who view Internet pornography tend to express more satisfaction with their genitals than boys who rarely, if ever, view pornography.
B) Adolescent girls who view pornography tend to report a greater appreciation for the uniqueness of the shape and size of their labia than girls who do not view porn.
C) By law adolescents have no access to sexually explicit materials until they reach age 18.
D) About 50%-70% of adolescents have viewed Internet porn.

Question 60

Which of the following is true regarding the effects of pornography on U.S. culture today?

A) Due to the easy and private release afforded by the Internet, explicit sexual content has mainly gone underground.
B) Although male performers sometimes include porn stars in their videos, female performers have generally shunned any reference to pornography as anti-feminist.
C) Although explicit content is readily available on the Internet and on premium channels, the traditional broadcast networks continue to take a much more conservative approach to depictions of sexuality.
D) The mainstreaming of aspects of pornography and sex work into U.S. culture is so prevalent that author Ariel Levy has described today's culture as "raunch culture."

Question 61

Possible benefits of legalizing prostitution include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) workers could be eligible for pensions, sick leave, and unemployment benefits.
B) brothels could be regulated to improve safety and working conditions.
C) tax revenues could provide significant income to communities.
D) likely fewer people would be involved, either as prostitutes or as customers.

Question 62

When asked "What do you need in order to leave prostitution?" what did sex workers rate HIGHEST?

A) Job training
B) Physical protection from a pimp
C) Drug/alcohol treatment
D) Individual counseling

Question 63

A hustler:

A) works primarily out of a brothel.
B) charges the most of all sex workers for services.
C) contacts customers in person, such as on the streets or in bars.
D) often comes from a middle-class background.

Question 64

Georgia used to be a streetwalker, but now she works in a brothel. Compared to when she was on the street, Georgia now is:

A) more likely to be arrested.
B) more likely to be assaulted by a customer.
C) more likely to feel safe.
D) likely making significantly less money.

Question 65

The Nordic model is based on the perspective that:

A) because prostitution is likely to occur in any society, it should be decriminalized to allow law enforcement to focus on crimes of victimization.
B) prostitution is a social ill and a form of violence against women, and thus the purchase, not the sale, of sexual services is a crime.
C) because prostitution is likely to occur in any society, it should be legalized to provide employment benefits and protections to sex workers.
D) prostitution provides a valuable source of tax and tourism revenues.

Question 66

Erotic Service Providers Project argues that:

A) prostitution is a social ill and a form of violence against women.
B) prostitution provides a valuable source of tax and tourism revenues.
C) laws against prostitution violate their constitutional rights to privacy, free speech, and earning a living.
D) prostitution is an art form, and sex workers should be entitled to fair compensation for their efforts.

Question 67

Which one is NOT true with respect to brothels?

A) Brothels were common in the early history of the United States.
B) A "madam" usually acts as the hostess and business manager of the brothel.
C) Brothels are presently illegal in all parts of the United States.
D) A brothel refers to a house in which a group of prostitutes work.

Question 68

Angel is a sex worker. Angel:

A) by definition is female.
B) by definition is at least 18 years old.
C) is particularly unlikely to contract a STI given the strict regulation of this profession.
D) likely became a sex worker because due to an inability to find a job that would pay a living wage.

Question 69

In Victorian Great Britain, prostitution was viewed as a:

A) way for women to gain an education and possibly even political influence.
B) part of several revered religious rituals.
C) perfectly acceptable sexual outlet for both men and women.
D) scandalous but a necessary sexual outlet for men.

Question 70

Phidias is a 32-year-old male living in ancient Greece. Most likely, Phidias:

A) is willing and able to purchase sexual services from either a male or a female.
B) has no awareness of prostitution.
C) could pay a woman for sex but would be shunned and possibly killed for paying a man for sex.
D) likely views prostitution as scandalous, and not something with which a self-respecting man would involve himself.

Question 71

Among sex workers, Burnette found that:

A) some had other jobs and pursued prostitution as a way to make extra money.
B) approximately 90% want to leave the profession but did not have the resources to do so.
C) about half intended to leave the profession in 5 years, most of these expressing confidence that they would be able to enter another line of work.
D) 70% had other work opportunities but intended to stay in prostitution because of the flexibility and personal control it offers compared to lower-paying jobs.

Question 72

Prostitution is legal in some counties in:

A) New York.
B) California.
C) Nevada.
D) Vermont.

Question 73

Which type of prostitute faces the WORST work conditions?

A) A brothel worker
B) A massage parlor worker
C) A streetwalker
D) A call girl

Question 74

Which of the following would MOST likely explain why women become prostitutes?

A) High sex drive
B) Mental illness
C) Financial necessity
D) Strong desire to please men

Question 75

In which of the following periods in history was prostitution viewed as scandalous but necessary to provide men with a sexual outlet?

A) Ancient Sumeria
B) Renaissance Italy
C) Victorian Great Britain
D) Seventeenth-century Massachusetts's Plymouth Colony

Question 76

Nancy has been arrested several times for prostitution. Most likely, Nancy:

A) has employment outside of sex work or is pursuing her education.
B) has no history of childhood sexual abuse.
C) has little education and few marketable skills.
D) would say she stays in sex work for the good pay, flexibility, and glamor of the work.

Question 77

When New Zealand decriminalized prostitution:

A) the social stigma associated with sex work decreased significantly.
B) sex workers reported having a greater ability to control their work environment to increase their safety.
C) more underage individuals became involved in sex work.
D) fewer sex workers or their customers utilized safer sexual practices such as wearing condoms.

Question 78

A survey of 177 porn actresses found that, compared to women of similar ages, ethnicities, and marital statuses, the porn actresses:

A) were significantly more likely to have experienced sexual abuse in childhood.
B) had significantly fewer sexual partners outside of their adult film work.
C) were less pleased with their work hours and salaries.
D) reported having higher self-esteem, more social support, and greater sexual satisfaction.

Question 79

Veronica is a courtesan in Renaissance Italy. Most likely, Veronica:

A) is not literate.
B) is well-educated, charming, and witty.
C) rarely, if ever, leaves the home of her patron or talks with people other than him.
D) risks arrest, incarceration, and possible execution if the authorities become aware of her sexual activities.

Question 80

Adelia offers to have sex with men who pick her up on Hollywood Boulevard. Lula Mae sometimes has sex with the men she meets through an escort service, and who pay her to spend the evening with them. Compared to Lula Mae, Adelia:

A) is more likely to be arrested.
B) likely makes more money.
C) is less likely to be robbed or assaulted by her customers.
D) is more likely to receive gifts, such as clothing or jewelry, from her clients.