Deck 9: Sexual Orientations

Question 1

Research on sexual fluidity suggests:

A) males display greater sexual fluidity than females.
B) females display greater sexual fluidity than males.
C) patterns of sexual orientation are remarkably stable over the life span.
D) there are no significant gender differences in sexual fluidity.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Tuan identifies his sexual orientation as bisexual. Tuan:

A) is more likely to disclose his sexual orientation to the important people in his life than a gay or lesbian individual.
B) is more likely than a gay or heterosexual man to disclose his sexual orientation to his health-care providers.
C) may feel he does not fit in with either the gay or the straight community.
D) most likely is actually gay but does not feel able to accept this about himself.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In high school, Juanita dated several boys. Although she was currently in a long-distance relationship with Jason, she began to have a romantic and sexual relationship with her female college roommate. Juanita would be described as:

A) heterosexual.
B) bisexual.
C) homosexual.
D) asexual.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Individuals who are primarily heterosexual and have some degree of sexual interest in and/or experience with the same sex are referred to as:

A) asexual.
B) sexually fluid.
C) mostly gay/lesbian.
D) mostly straight.

Question 5

Brigett is in high school and noticed she does not have the same feelings as her friends toward boys. She also noticed she did not have any feelings toward girls. She decided to talk to the school counselor to see if there was something wrong with her. What would the school counselor explain to her?

A) Homosexuality
B) Asexuality
C) Pansexuality
D) Heterosexuality

Question 6

_______ with a particular sexual orientation is one of the variables of sexual orientation.

A) Self-identity
B) Self-respect
C) Self-hatred
D) Self-esteem

Question 7

A person who is sexually and emotionally attractive to and is romantically in love with people of any sex or gender identity would be:

A) gay.
B) lesbian.
C) asexual.
D) pansexual.

Question 8

Carlos is a sophomore in college. He has never told anyone in his family that does not have sexual feelings toward girls. He has been struggling with hiding who he really is all these years. Which of the following represents Carlos?

A) He is pansexual.
B) He is heterosexual.
C) He is asexual.
D) He is homosexual.

Question 9

Bobby, who is male, has mostly been involved in sexual relationships with men, but Bob has had a few sexual encounters with women also. Bob's rating on the Kinsey scale would be:

A) 5.
B) 3.
C) 1.
D) 8.

Question 10

Lisa Diamond uses the term sexual fluidity to describe:

A) variability in same-sex and other-sex attraction at various times throughout the life span.
B) variability in sexual desire over the life span.
C) the Kinsey continuum.
D) variations in sexual development.

Question 11

Data from more than 3,600 research subjects showed that high sex drive in women who identified themselves as heterosexual was associated with:

A) increased sexual attraction to both men and women.
B) increased sexual attraction to men only.
C) increased sexual attraction to women only.
D) decreased sexual attraction to both men and women.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about a person who is gay or lesbian is FALSE?

A) A man or woman who is primarily gay or lesbian and has some sexual interest in the opposite sex is called mostly gay / lesbian .
B) Lesbians or gay males who refer to themselves as queer have a low self-concept.
C) A person may be in a heterosexual marriage, have children, and still be homosexual.
D) LGBTQ is an inclusive acronym used to describe non-heterosexual people.

Question 13

About ______ of women identify as gay or lesbian.

A) 13%
B) 0.5%
C) 1.1%
D) 20%

Question 14

Neil is a gay male. Neil:

A) likely first became sexually interested in males after having a sexual experience with an older male at some point in late adolescence.
B) likely became aware of his sexual orientation before puberty.
C) most likely was raised by a gay or lesbian parent.
D) probably first became sexually attracted to males after having very negative sexual experiences with females.

Question 15

Which of the following is the BEST definition of the term homosexual ?

A) Someone who has sex with others of their own gender.
B) Someone who is sexually, emotionally, and socially attracted to a member of their same gender.
C) Anyone who has had at least one sexual encounter with someone of their same gender.
D) Anyone who is not heterosexual.

Question 16

Marisol identifies her sexual orientation as lesbian. Marisol:

A) is no more likely than a heterosexual female to have biological relatives who identify as gay or lesbian.
B) likely reports feeling some attraction to males as well.
C) compared to heterosexual females is less likely to report feeling satisfied in her relationships.
D) by definition has never and will never feel any sexual attraction to males.

Question 17

Anne is a female and has had about as many sexual experiences with women as she has with men. Anne's rating on the Kinsey scale would be:

A) 5.
B) 3.
C) 0.
D) 1.

Question 18

An asexual person is someone who:

A) has chosen to be celibate.
B) masturbates and has sexual fantasies but is not involved in partner activity.
C) opposes sexual activity.
D) does not experience sexual attraction.

Question 19

Although Trina is not particularly attracted to other women, she agrees to perform oral sex on one of her boyfriend's female friends after her boyfriend repeatedly asks her to do this. Trina:

A) most likely is bisexual.
B) has engaged in performative bisexuality.
C) could be termed pansexual.
D) most likely is lesbian.

Question 20

An individual who is sexually attracted to men and women, no matter their sexual preference and/or identity, would be defined as:

A) mostly gay.
B) pansexual.
C) mostly straight.
D) heterosexual.

Question 21

Christina Aguilera identifies as:

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) sexually fluid.
D) pansexual.

Question 22

Gender nonconformity in childhood:

A) is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for females but not for males.
B) is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for males but not for females.
C) is related to adult same-gender sexual orientation for both males and females.
D) has no correlation with adult sexual orientation.

Question 23

Asexual individuals are most likely to never had:

A) romantic relationships.
B) sexual fantasies.
C) friendships.
D) affections toward others.

Question 24

Which of the following statements by men is NOT an example of gender nonconformity?

A) "I hated physical education and sports."
B) "I liked hiking and being outdoors."
C) "I was fond of pretty things like ribbons and flowers and music."
D) "I was more emotional. Things upset me more than they did the other guys."

Question 25

Countries with the lowest level of acceptance of homosexuality include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Russia.
B) eastern and central Europe.
C) Cuba.
D) most African countries.

Question 26

In a study of twins, Bailey et al. found:

A) a markedly high concordance rate for same-sex fraternal twin pairs.
B) strong evidence of a genetic component to sexual orientation in some individuals.
C) weak evidence, at best, of a genetic component to sexual orientation.
D) a markedly low concordance rate for nontwin siblings.

Question 27

To better understand the relative influences of social environment (nurture) and genetic makeup (nature), researchers often use:

A) hormonal studies.
B) positron emission tomography (PET) technology.
C) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology.
D) twin studies.

Question 28

In the Sambian society of New Guinea,

A) same-gender sexual activity between women is considered to be a spiritual expression of love.
B) men believe that a prepubertal boy becomes a strong warrior by drinking as much semen as possible.
C) women are required to engage in same-sex relationships before they are eligible to marry.
D) same-gender sexual activities of any kind are strictly forbidden.

Question 29

All of the following are extreme abuses toward homosexuals EXCEPT:

A) "social cleansing" death squads in Columbia.
B) illegal clinics in Ecuador that use physical and mental abuse to attempt to "cure" homosexuality.
C) Cuban leader Fidel Castro's homophobia and ingrained attitudes of machismo .
D) persecution of gay and AIDS activists in many countries.

Question 30

In ancient Greece, heterosexuality provided

A) strong warriors and hunters.
B) the pragmatic benefits of children and a family unit.
C) superior intellectual expression of love.
D) spiritual expression of love.

Question 31

When identical twins are more likely to have an attribute in common than same-sex fraternal twins, we can conclude that:

A) the common attribute has at least some genetic basis.
B) the common attribute has no genetic basis.
C) there is a low concordance between the twins.
D) the attribute is primarily determined by social factors.

Question 32

Which of the following would be the best church for a homosexual couple to attend with their children?

A) American Baptist Churches
B) Orthodox Jewish Movement
C) United Methodist Church
D) Episcopal Church

Question 33

Bisexual men were aroused by both gay and straight videos, but their arousal to the video of a man engaging in sex with both a man and a woman was:

A) significantly lower than gay men's and straight men's arousal to the same video.
B) equal to gay men's and straight men's arousal to the same video.
C) significantly higher than gay men's and straight men's arousal to the same video.
D) slightly above equal than gay men's and straight men's arousal to the same video.

Question 34

Which of the following BEST summarizes the research conducted into the causes of sexual orientation?

A) While many studies have been conducted, it is still unclear as to what determines sexual orientation.
B) The large majority of studies indicate that sexual orientation has an entirely biological basis.
C) The majority of studies support the theory that sexual orientation is learned.
D) The majority of studies support the theory that sexual orientation is a choice.

Question 35

Research suggesting that the causes of sexual orientation are biological:

A) has not changed the opinions of most Americans, who strongly believe that a gay or lesbian sexual orientation is a choice.
B) appears to have increased acceptance of LGBTQ individuals.
C) has not increased support for the gay rights movement.
D) has nearly always been severely flawed, and thus has been rejected by the scientific community.

Question 36

Samantha's boyfriend has been begging her to have a sexual encounter with another woman so he can watch. After weeks of constant pressure, she agrees. Samantha was pressured into:

A) performative bisexuality.
B) a homosexual relationship.
C) a bisexual relationship.
D) a homosexual affair.

Question 37

In ancient Greece, sexual activity between a man and a boy was:

A) punishable by death.
B) tolerated but certainly not encouraged.
C) considered a superior intellectual and spiritual expression of love.
D) much less desirable than sexual activities that could lead to procreation.

Question 38

Michael's parents never forced him to play with trucks and cars while growing up. They bought him a doll when he asked for one for Christmas. Which of the following would describe his parents?

A) Gender conformity
B) Stereotyping
C) Gender nonconformity
D) Racism

Question 39

Homosexuality is also punishable by death under sharia law in sections of all of the following countries EXCEPT:

A) Nigeria.
B) Asia.
C) Somalia.
D) Syria.

Question 40

It is estimated that _______ of LGBTQ adults are bisexual.

A) 15%
B) 22%
C) 36%
D) 40%

Question 41

Which of the following is TRUE regarding current attitudes of Christians toward same-gender sexual behavior?

A) Christian groups are unanimous in their condemnation of gay and lesbian individuals.
B) Christian groups are unanimous in their support of gay and lesbian individuals, accepting them both as members and as clergy.
C) Sexual orientation is not discussed much among Christian groups.
D) Attitudes toward sexual orientation vary greatly among Christian groups.

Question 42

In Cuba today:

A) same-gender sexual activity is punishable by death.
B) anyone discovered to be gay or lesbian is expelled from the Communist Party and from state and university jobs.
C) LGBTQ individuals are not persecuted, but transgender individuals are deported.
D) the government advocates for gay rights.

Question 43

Countries that are most supportive of LGBTQ rights tend to have:

A) low levels of economic development.
B) high levels of religiousness.
C) high levels of economic development.
D) low levels of education.

Question 44

The majority of counselors and therapists working with LGBTQ clients typically:

A) refer them to programs emphasizing will power and religious conversion.
B) provide hormone therapy in an attempt to change sexual orientation.
C) use aversion therapy in an attempt to alter sexual orientation.
D) work to help clients overcome any internalized negative feelings about their sexual orientation.

Question 45

Conversion therapy or sexual reorientation therapy:

A) is primarily used to change sexual orientation from straight to gay.
B) is illegal in some states due to concerns it may contribute to depression and thoughts of suicide in participants.
C) successfully changes sexual orientation from gay to straight for 90% of participant.
D) has been embraced by the gay community as a useful method for helping many gay and lesbian individuals achieve their personal goals.

Question 46

Countries that protect LBGTQ rights are mostly found in:

A) Europe.
B) the Caribbean.
C) the Middle East.
D) Africa.

Question 47

In the 19th century, same-gender sexual behavior was primarily seen as:

A) a harmless variation in human experience.
B) sinful.
C) preferable to other-gender sexual behavior given the concern about world overpopulation.
D) a mental illness.

Question 48

Same-gender sexual activity is illegal in more than 70 countries and punishable by death in four, many of which are located in:

A) western Europe.
B) East Asia.
C) South America.
D) the Middle East.

Question 49

In the 7th century BCE, Jewish religious leaders sought to establish the uniqueness of their religion by:

A) glorifying religious rituals involving a range of sexual orientations and behavior.
B) rejecting religious rituals involving same-gender sexual activities.
C) legitimizing sexual behaviors other than intercourse for sexual gratification and pleasure.
D) advocating female supremacy.

Question 50

All of the following are part of the definition of homophobia EXCEPT:

A) irrational fears of same gender attraction in others.
B) the fear of feelings of same-gender attraction within oneself.
C) self-loathing because of one's same-gender attraction.
D) self-loathing because of one's gender dysphoria.

Question 51

Throughout history, which of the following has NOT been used in an attempt to "cure" homosexuality?

A) Lobotomy
B) Psychotherapy
C) Castration
D) Gender reassignment surgery

Question 52

Therapy to help gay and lesbian clients cope with negative societal attitudes is known as

A) psychotherapy.
B) conversion therapy.
C) gay-affirmative therapy.
D) sexual reorientation therapy.

Question 53

Thomas Jefferson was among the political leaders who:

A) was secretly gay.
B) suggested reducing the punishment from death to castration for men who committed homosexual acts.
C) first promoted a rudimentary conversion program for homosexual men who desired to change their sexual orientation.
D) suggested changing the punishment from incarceration to capital punishment for men who had sex with men.

Question 54

The belief that heterosexuality is superior to a gay, lesbian, or bisexual orientation is called:

A) heterophilia.
B) heterosexism.
C) heteronormization.
D) homophilia.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The American Psychiatric and Psychological Associations categorize homosexuality as a mental illness, although few counselors and therapists regard it as such.
B) Changing one's sexual orientation can been highly successful if a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and psychodynamic therapy is used.
C) In working with LGBTQ clients, therapists often try to help them love and live in a society that still harbors considerable hostility toward them.
D) Although there is no evidence that sexual orientation can be changed, psychotherapy can be useful to help people suppress their homosexual urges.

Question 56

In the original American colonies, what would likely happen to a person who was known to engage in same-gender sexual behavior?

A) The person would be expected to live as the other gender within the community.
B) The person would be accepted.
C) The person would be put to death, probably either by drowning or burning.
D) The person's behavior would be ignored.

Question 57

Raheem is attracted to other males, which causes him distress because his religious tradition does not accept same-gender sexual behavior. Raheem seeks out therapy with Tolu, a psychologist in good standing in her professional community, in hopes that Tolu can help him change his sexual orientation. Most likely, Tolu will:

A) focus on what aspects of Raheem's relationships with his mother and father have caused him to develop an attraction to other males.
B) tell Raheem that while no effective treatments exist to change sexual orientation, she can help him develop coping skills to manage his distress.
C) refer Raheem to a medical doctor who can prescribe the correct hormone and/or gene therapy to change his sexual orientation.
D) begin a course of sexual reorientation therapy with Raheem.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a Christian denomination that is relatively accepting of LGBTQ parishioners?

A) The Episcopal Church
B) The Southern Baptist Convention
C) The United Church of Christ
D) The Evangelical Lutheran Church

Question 59

Among the Pashtun tribe in Afghanistan:

A) same-gender sexual activity is forbidden.
B) a significant percentage of males identify as gay.
C) men predominantly have sex with prepubertal boys and other adult men.
D) homosexuality is defined as the use of another male for sexual gratification.

Question 60

As late as 1951, the surgical procedure _________ was performed as a cure for homosexuality.

A) cholecystectomy
B) nephrectomy
C) lobotomy
D) adenoidectomy

Question 61

Why was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Lawrence et al. v. Texas important to the gay and lesbian community?

A) It legalized same-sex marriages in the United States.
B) It overturned a Texas sodomy law.
C) It upheld oral sex laws in Texas.
D) It overturned same-sex marriage laws.

Question 62

Negative attitudes toward LGBTQ individuals are associated with all EXCEPT which of the following?

A) Authoritarian religious beliefs
B) Traditional gender-role beliefs
C) Being male
D) Being younger than 30

Question 63

Forty years before World War II, the first organization promoting education about same-gender sexual orientation and the abolition of laws against same-gender sexual activity was founded in:

A) Germany.
B) Italy.
C) Japan.
D) France.

Question 64

Efforts to reduce discrimination based on sexual orientation:

A) have succeeded in some U.S. states but have been opposed by the Obama administration.
B) have been successful in other nations but not in the United States.
C) are opposed by the majority of the U.S. population.
D) have been very successful in recent years.

Question 65

Which of the following statements concerning the Stonewall incident is FALSE?

A) It was the symbolic birth of gay activism.
B) It is named after a gay bar that was raided by the police.
C) It took place shortly after World War II ended.
D) It promoted the formation of various gay rights organizations.

Question 66

Dao, who is 23, identifies himself as a gay male. Dao:

A) by definition has never had a sexual encounter with a woman.
B) by definition has no intention of marrying a woman.
C) if he marries a woman, is very unlikely to pursue sexual encounters with males as well.
D) is particularly likely to marry a woman if the community in which he lives is rejecting toward LGBTQ individuals.

Question 67

Which is NOT one of the goals of the gay rights movement?

A) Decriminalization of private sexual behavior
B) Reducing discrimination against the LGBTQ community
C) Positive rights for LGBTQ individuals
D) Persuading people to change their sexual orientation

Question 68

Most perpetrators of antigay hate crimes claim that the primary motivation for their violence is:

A) fear they were about to be attacked.
B) economic frustration.
C) the perception that being gay, lesbian, or bisexual violates male gender norms.
D) feeling rejected by their victim.

Question 69

Yashiko has gay friends. During conversations with them, she says that she accepts them but still believes that their homosexual behavior is abnormal and unnatural. Yashiko's attitude is reflective of:

A) homophobia.
B) heterophobia.
C) heterosexism.
D) homophilia.

Question 70

Homophobia:

A) rarely impacts the lives of LGBTQ individuals anymore.
B) may involve discrimination and unpleasant verbal comments, but rarely if ever provokes people to commit acts of violence against LGBTQ individuals.
C) has declined significantly in the United States in recent years.
D) is a myth.

Question 71

Which of the following ethnic groups tend to be MORE tolerant of same-gender sexual attraction?

A) Asian American
B) Native American
C) African American
D) Hispanic American

Question 72

The Nazis linked _________ to a Jewish plot to weaken the masculinity of Aryan men.

A) homosexuality
B) heterosexuality
C) asexuality
D) pansexuality

Question 73

Sodomy laws:

A) criminalized anal but not oral sex.
B) technically applied to anyone who engaged in anal or oral sex but were usually enforced only against LGBTQ individuals.
C) began to appear in the United States only in the 1950s.
D) exist in some European countries but have never been passed on in the United States.

Question 74

Ken recently came out as a gay man. Ken:

A) is not at increased risk of being a victim of a hate crime.
B) if he lives in the United States, most likely does not have the right to marry another male.
C) is less likely to experience a mental health problem if the state in which he lives protects him from discrimination based on his sexual orientation.
D) likely experiences more jealousy in romantic relationships than heterosexuals.

Question 75

Telling jokes that belittle LGBTQ individuals and/or avoiding any behavior that might be interpreted as signaling a gay or lesbian sexual orientation are often manifestations of:

A) xenophobia.
B) homoerotica.
C) heterophobia.
D) homophobia.

Question 76

Which of the following is TRUE concerning hate crimes?

A) Hate crimes are subject to more severe sentences than other crimes.
B) Federal hate crime law pertains only to attacks motivated by race, color, national origin, or religion.
C) Few members of the LGBTQ community have reported being the victim of a hate crime in recent years.
D) Hate crime laws currently apply to only about half of all U.S. states.

Question 77

According to your text, attitudes toward LGBTQ individuals can change as a result of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) deliberate effort.
B) experience.
C) education.
D) force.

Question 78

Which of the following is true regarding how sexual orientation is portrayed in the media?

A) Few if any TV shows or movies have included LGBTQ characters.
B) While gay characters sometimes appear on scripted TV shows, talk shows rarely if ever focus on issues of sexual orientation.
C) The media have both reflected the changing attitudes toward homosexuality and influenced public awareness and attitudes.
D) While an increasing number of TV shows and movies include gay characters, these portrayals are nearly always negative.

Question 79

Nathan, who is gay, has been drafted into the army. When members of his unit ask him to go with them to a bar to pick up women, Nathan turns them down. One of the men tells the others he believes Nathan is gay, and several of them physically assault Nathan. According to your text, Nathan's attackers most likely were motivated by any of the following EXCEPT:

A) discomfort with their own feelings of attraction toward males.
B) their perception that Nathan does not conform to traditional gender roles.
C) religious teachings that homosexuality is wrong.
D) the fact that they feel comfortable with their own masculinity.

Question 80

Marriage between same-gender individuals:

A) is not legal anywhere except for a few Caribbean countries.
B) has not been a major focus of the gay rights movement given that gay and lesbian individuals generally reject the institution of marriage.
C) is legal in an increasing number of countries.
D) is opposed by both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association due to well-documented evidence that people in same-gender relationships report much less satisfaction than heterosexual couples.