Deck 11: Incarceration and Prison Society

Question 1

Rehabilitation was the primary goal in the traditional prison of the big-house era.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The custodial model of incarceration emphasizes security, discipline, and order.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Professional personnel such as teachers, clinicians, and industry supervisors usually are not a part of prisons today.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.

Question 5

In terms of how prisons are organized, function, and staffed, it would be fair to say they incorporate aspects of the military.

Question 6

Correctional personnel may use force in the p revention of an escape.

Question 7

Racial conflict is a minor problem in most U.S. prisons.

Question 8

The primary purpose of all prisons is maintaining secure custody of offenders.

Question 9

The custodial model of incarceration emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address the personal problems and issues that led them to commit crimes.

Question 10

The custodial model of incarceration emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to family and community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to society.

Question 11

More mentally ill persons are in state hospitals than in prisons and jails.

Question 12

Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards as well as punishments.

Question 13

Nearly half of all inmates in the U.S. prison population are women.

Question 14

There has been a major increase in the number of African Americans sentenced to prison in the past 30 years.

Question 15

Rehabilitation is a model of incarceration that emphasizes security, discipline, and order.

Question 16

Prison wardens can select which inmates end up in their institution.

Question 17

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of prisoners over the age of 50 in the United States.

Question 18

While inmates are most likely to be African American, correctional  officers are most likely to be white.

Question 19

Superiors expect correctional officers to achieve institutional goals even though the officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal.

Question 20

Correctional officers exercise unlimited power over prisoners.

Question 21

Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates such as vocational training, remedial education, and work opportunities.

Question 22

"Jailing" is a term used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

Question 23

The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions, including opportunities for violence.

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding the American prison population during the last 30 years is true?

A) There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
B) There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
C) There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
D) There has been an increase in the number of both African Americans and Hispanics.
E) ​There has been a shift in public opinion in favor of rehabilitation of prisoners.

Question 25

Which of the following  was not typical of the big house of the 1940s and 1950s?

A) Large, tiered cell blocks.
B) A yard.
C) Shops.
D) Industrial workshops.
E) A counseling center.

Question 26

Which of the following is not one of the problems confronting the modern prison system in America?

A) Overcrowding
B) Legal issues
C) Racial conflicts
D) Limited resources
E) Abundant vocational programs

Question 27

Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.

Question 28

During the 1960s and early 1970s, prisons began to feature which new aspect?

A) Tiered cell blocks
B) A yard
C) Shops
D) Industrial workshops
E) A counseling center

Question 29

Female prisoners often form pseudo-families.

Question 30

Male prisoners are more likely than female prisoners to have been convicted of a violent offense.

Question 31

Prisoners can receive federal funding for postsecondary education.

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the problems confronting the modern prison system in America?

A) Overcrowding
B) Legal issues
C) Racial conflicts
D) Limited resources
E) Overstaffing

Question 33

Male correctional officers cannot work in women's prisons.

Question 34

Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.

Question 35

The classification of inmates and assignment to various prison programs is always tailored to serve the needs of the individual inmate.

Question 36

Gangs based on race and ethnicity have become a serious problem in the prison system.

Question 37

The model of corrections that emphasizes security, discipline, and order is the _____ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) family
E) community

Question 38

Which of the following  prison models would provide the best o pportunitie s t o lear n a trad e o r gai n a n educatio n?

A) Custodial model
B) Rehabilitation model
C) Reintegration model
D) Community model
E) ​Family model

Question 39

Which of the following statements concerning the history of American correctional institutions is true?

A) Correctional institutions in the United States have remained fairly similar across time and place.
B) Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
C) Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
D) It was common in the south for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.
E) Prisoners of the past were mostly drawn from the world of organized crime.

Question 40

State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs in the prison system because of success of these programs in reducing recidivism.

Question 41

Prisoners with emotional or addiction problems would prosper best under the ______ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) community
E) ​family

Question 42

The _______ model dominates most maximum security prisons today.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) family
E) community

Question 43

The problems associated with total power, rewards and punishments, exchange relationships, and inmate leadership:

A) exist in only a few prisons.
B) exist only in state prisons.
C) exist only in federal prisons.
D) make prisons easier to govern than other institutions.
E) make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.

Question 44

Prisons can be governed, violence minimized, and services provided to the inmates if correctional executives and wardens exhibit:

A) experience.
B) time management.
C) concern.
D) leadership.
E) middle managers.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about prison managers is true?

A) Prison managers  select their clients.
B) Prison managers  have control over release of clients who are there against their will .
C) Prison managers  do not rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
D) Prison maintenance is independent of satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
E) Prison managers are professional personnel such as teachers, clinicians, and industry supervisors.

Question 46

Which of the following statements concerning the authority of prison officials is true?

A) The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
B) The authority of prison officials is limited.
C) Prison officials have no authority per se, but must abide strictly by procedural guidelines.
D) The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal prisons
E) The authority of prison officials is limited in federal prisons, but unlimited in state prisons.

Question 47

A characteristic of a well run prison includes anything that enhances the comfort of the inmates, such as good food, clean cells, and recreational opportunities, which are referred to as:

A) order.
B) amenities.
C) service.
D) protection.
E) opportunity.

Question 48

According to John Dilulio , a good prison is one that "provides as much order, amenity, and ___________ as possible, given the human and financial resources " :

A) punishment
B) retribution
C) service
D) rehabilitation
E) authority

Question 49

The goals of incapacitation, deterrence, and retribution would best be realized with the ______ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) community
E) ​family

Question 50

The model of corrections that emphasizes treatment programs to help prisoners address the personal programs and issues that led them to commit crimes is the _____ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) family
E) community

Question 51

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to the family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) family
E) community

Question 52

Which of the following rewards would an inmate new to the prison be expected to earn for good behavior?

A) Furloughs
B) Work release
C) A favorable job assignment
D) Transfer to a halfway house
E) An educational release program

Question 53

A "get tough on crime" approach to address societal concerns over dangerous career criminals would likely be addressed through the _____ model.

A) custodial
B) rehabilitation
C) reintegration
D) community
E) ​family

Question 54

Which of the following is not one of the four factors that make governing prisons different from administering other public institutions?

A) The effects of total power
B) The limitation on the rewards and punishment officials can use
C) The increase of rehabilitative programs and incentives
D) The co-optation of correctional officers through exchange relationships
E) The strength of inmate leadership

Question 55

Which is not one of the three models of incarceration that have predominated since the early 1940s?

A) Custodial model
B) Rehabilitation model
C) Reintegration model
D) Community model
E) ​Restitution model

Question 56

Programs designed to improve the lives of inmates are classified as:

A) order.
B) amenities.
C) services.
D) protection.
E) opportunity.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about prison managers is true?

A) Prison managers have complete control over the release of their clients.
B) Prison managers rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work.
C) Prison managers select their clients.
D) Prison managers can control their clients' behavior.
E) Prison managers have little training.

Question 58

In the context of prison management, the  absence of misconduct that threatens the safety of others  is referred to as:

A) order.
B) amenities.
C) service.
D) protection.
E) opportunity.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about prison managers is false?

A) Prison managers  cannot select their clients.
B) Prison managers  have complete control over the release of clients who are there against their will .
C) Prison managers  must rely on unpaid clients to do most of the daily work.
D) Prison maintenance depends on satisfactory relationship between clients and staff.
E) Custodial staff in the prison are the most numerous.

Question 60

Which of the following prison staff are the most numerous?

A) Wardens
B) Corrections officers
C) Investigators
D) Counselors
E) Educators

Question 61

Which of the following statements concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons is true?

A) Women's prisons have a more highly developed hidden economy.
B) Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
C) Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
D) Women's prisons are generally  smaller.
E) Women's prisons are more security-conscious.

Question 62

The median annual pay nationally for a correctional officer is approximately :

A) $20,000
B) $25,000
C) $30,000
D) $40,000
E) $50,000

Question 63

Correctional officers are usually unprepared to deal which of the following such offenders, whose   population has increased since the 1960s?

A) HIV infected
B) Geriatric
C) Long term
D) Mentally ill
E) Juvenile

Question 64

Approximately what percentage of state inmates did not graduate from high school prior to their incarceration?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50

Question 65

Which of the following is not considered one of the desired goods and services of prison life?

A) Food
B) Greater visitations
C) Sex
D) Drugs
E) Preferred living conditions

Question 66

Studies have shown that a major motivation for becoming a corrections officer is:

A) enjoyment of working with prisoners
B) a desire to aid in the rehabilitation process
C) a desire to use violence on the job
D) a desire for a secure civil service job
E) a desire for high pay and pleasant working conditions

Question 67

The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called:

A) jailing.
B) the inmate code.
C) gleaning.
D) machismo.
E) the prisoners' law.

Question 68

Prisoners who view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing business are:

A) gleaning.
B) jailing.
C) living by the inmate code.
D) doing time.
E) disorganized criminals.

Question 69

A major difference between male and female prisons includes:

A) interpersonal relationships.
B) staff relationships.
C) domestic relationships.
D) psychiatric relationships.
E) ​community relations

Question 70

Inmates with low intelligence who are afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities are referred to as:

A) challenged inmates.
B) bottom feeders.
C) gleaners.
D) jailers.
E) disorganized criminals.

Question 71

The standard currency in the prison economy has traditionally been:

A) money.
B) soap.
C) sex.
D) cigarettes.
E) drugs.

Question 72

A correctional officer's roles have changed dramatically: they are expected to counsel, supervise, protect, and _____ the inmates

A) process
B) educate
C) organize
D) develop
E) rehabilitate

Question 73

Which of the following would not be considered a part of classroom training for correctional officers?

A) Report writing
B) Arrest procedures
C) Communicable diseases
D) Inmate classification
E) Self-defense

Question 74

Some states are facing a shortage of corrections officers   due to :

A) high unemployment rates.
B) the increase in prison populations.
C) shorter prison sentences for drug offenders.
D) greater education requirements for corrections officers.
E) more prisons built in urban areas.

Question 75

Correctional administrators have made efforts to recruits females and minorities. Approximately what percentage of corrections employees are minorities ?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
E) 45

Question 76

Which has not been impacted by the increase in the number of women in prison?

A) Delivery of programs
B) Housing conditions
C) Medical care
D) Staffing
E) Correctional officer pay

Question 77

Prisoner administrators are wary of the prison economy because:

A) inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
B) the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
C) prisoners steal items from the prison and may fight in disputes about transactions.
D) some prisoners are not allowed to participate.
E) prison officials do not want prisoners to have any amenities.

Question 78

Which of the following types of inmates will most likely be alienated from the rest of the population and targeted for abuse because they have violated the inmate code?

A) Punk
B) Wolf
C) Hack
D) Screw
E) Dude

Question 79

In which of the following situations is the use of force by a corrections officer against an inmate not allowed?

A) He is trying to prevent an inmate from punching him.
B) She is trying to prevent an inmate from passing drugs to another inmate.
C) He discovers a group of inmates trying to escape.
D) She is trying to protect an inmate from being assaulted by another.
E) He has encountered an inmate who is disrespectful.

Question 80

Research conducted by the Bureau of Justice statistics has found that most prisoners are:

A) young minority males with less than a high school education.
B) older minority males with a high school education.
C) young minority females with less than a high school education.
D) older white males from organized crime groups.
E) older white males who organized drug trafficking gangs.