Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Full-fledged membership in a nation is called

A) citizenship.
B) suffrage.
C) standing.
D) enculturalization.
E) representation.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The expectation that equality is achieved if results are comparable for all citizens regardless of race, gender, or national background, and that all citizens are proportionally represented in measures of success in life is known as
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A) equality of opportunity.
B) equality of chance.
C) equality of government.
D) equality of outcome.
E) equality of existence.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During the Mexican Repatriation, roughly 60 percent of those deported were

A) criminals.
B) resident aliens.
C) temporary workers.
D) migrants.
E) U.S. citizens.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following prohibited slavery in the U.S.?

A) Article V
B) Article IV
C) the Fifteenth Amendment
D) the Tenth Amendment
E) the Thirteenth Amendment

Question 5

The ________ Amendment forbade the states from denying any person "equal protection under the law."

A) Tenth
B) Twelfth
C) Thirteenth
D) Fourteenth
E) Fifteenth

Question 6

In what year did women get the right to vote nationally?

A) 1897
B) 1911
C) 1920
D) 1967
E) 1973

Question 7

Businesses refusing to serve or hire people on the basis of their race, sex, sexual orientation, or national orientation is an example of

A) freedom of choice.
B) private discrimination.
C) legal discrimination.
D) public discrimination.
E) private choice.

Question 8

The Indian Removal Act of 1830, created the forcible removal of Native Americans to

A) western territories.
B) other countries.
C) internment camps.
D) reservations.
E) Florida.

Question 9

Congress first allowed nonwhites to become naturalized citizens in __________, when it extended naturalization to "persons of African descent."

A) 1826
B) 1870
C) 1898
D) 1908
E) 1921

Question 10

The actions of the southern states during the period of segregation, such as denying African Americans the right to vote or appear in public places, are examples of

A) private discrimination.
B) social choice.
C) public discrimination.
D) counterfactual discrimination.
E) private choice.

Question 11

Native Americans born on reservations did not receive natural-born citizen status until the passage of the

A) Civil Rights Act. 
B) Indian Citizenship Act.
C) Indian Removal Act.
D) Equal Rights Amendment.
E) Twenty-fifth Amendment.

Question 12

The __________ Act of 1924 placed quotas for ethnic groups based on the proportion of Americans from each nationality resident in 1890, thereby severely limiting the number of whites considered to be of "lower race," that is, those from southern and eastern Europe.

A) Assimilation
B) Civil Rights
C) Indian Citizenship
D) Immigration
E) Naturalization

Question 13

During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln __________, which made slavery illegal in those states in rebellion as of January 1, 1863.

A) passed the Missouri Compromise
B) issued the Emancipation Proclamation
C) vetoed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) passed the Eleventh Amendment
E) declared martial law

Question 14

In  Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Court ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories, and that blacks were

A) not citizens.
B) free.
C) not property.
D) not manumitted.
E) entitled to due process.

Question 15

The expectation that citizens may not be discriminated against on account race, gender, or national background and should have an equal chance to succeed in life is called

A) equality of opportunity.
B) equality of chance.
C) equality of outcome.
D) equality of circumstance.
E) equality of government.

Question 16

In Dred Scott v. Sandford , the Supreme Court declared that

A) blacks could not be citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
B) blacks could be citizens and Congress could ban slavery in the territories.
C) blacks were free in the territories, but slaves in the South.
D) slavery was unconstitutional in both the states and territories.
E) slavery was abolished in the territories, but allowed in the states.

Question 17

The fastest growing ethnic group in the United States today is

A) Middle Easterners.
B) African Americans.
C) Latinos.
D) Eastern Europeans.
E) East Asians.

Question 18

The fact that President Roosevelt ordered the placement of Japanese Americans in relocation camps (and the order was upheld in  Korematsu v. United States), yet German Americans were not rounded up (despite pro-Nazi groups), suggests that

A) Japanese Americans were more numerous than German Americans.
B) German Americans were more numerous than Japanese Americans.
C) racial animosity was more important than security concerns.
D) geographic distribution of these groups made it easier to locate Japanese Americans.
E) Japanese Americans were a greater security threat, while German Americans were only an economic threat.

Question 19

The__________ banned slavery in the territories that were north of the southern border of Missouri.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Indian Citizenship Act
C) Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) Mississippi Compromise
E) Missouri Compromise

Question 20

__________ are rights related to the duties of citizenship and the opportunities for participation in civic life that the government is obliged to protect.

A) Civil liberties
B) Civil rights
C) Human rights
D) Customary rights
E) Social rights

Question 21

While the Brown ruling  was historic, the ruling itself did little to desegregate schools due to its ambiguous command that schools should desegregate

A) with all deliberate speed.
B) with all due process.
C) with extreme prejudice.
D) with all practical manner.
E) with all good intent.

Question 22

The Courts use ________ as the lowest level of scrutiny for general claims of discrimination.

A) strict scrutiny
B) heightened scrutiny
C) rational basis
D) state action
E) rigid scrutiny

Question 23

Southern politicians used all of the following tactics to disenfranchise African American voters EXCEPT

A) poll taxes.
B) loyalty oaths.
C) white primaries.
D) literacy tests.
E) grandfather clauses.

Question 24

In 1789, only __________ allowed women the right to vote, provided the women met the state's property requirements. This right was rescinded in 1807.

A) Alabama
B) Connecticut
C) New Jersey
D) Virginia
E) Wyoming

Question 25

President Dwight Eisenhower sent troops into _____________ to ensure that black students could go to school.

A) Topeka, Kansas
B) Montgomery, Alabama
C) Little Rock, Arkansas
D) Greensboro, North Carolina
E) Dallas, Texas

Question 26

The period after the Civil War where former Confederate states gained readmission to the Union and the federal government passed laws to help emancipated slaves is known as

A) Dual Federalism.
B) the Civil Rights era.
C) the Era of Good Feelings.
D) Reconstruction.
E) the Progressive era.

Question 27

The states continued the English policy of __________, which granted married women no rights independent of their husbands.

A) censure
B) coverture
C) equality
D) monogamy
E) suffrage

Question 28

In order to keep ethnic groups as well as anyone considered undesirable out of the country, Congress used

A) immigration laws.
B) sedition laws.
C) treaties.
D) migrant codes.
E) constitutional amendments.

Question 29

The__________ of 1866 guaranteed the right of freedmen to make contracts, sue in court if those contracts were violated, and own property.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Indian Citizenship Act
C) Kansas-Nebraska Act
D) Mississippi Compromise
E) Missouri Compromise

Question 30

Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah were among the first territories/states to

A) grant Latinos the right to vote.
B) grant women the right to vote.
C) grant Asian Americans the right to vote.
D) grant African Americans the right to vote.
E) grant Native Americans the right to vote.

Question 31

The Court has created three standards of review to determine if a law is discriminatory. The toughest of these standards is

A) heightened scrutiny.
B) strict scrutiny.
C) elevated scrutiny.
D) rational basis.
E) normal basis.

Question 32

The__________ Amendment, in addition to guaranteeing that no state shall deny any person due process of law, prohibits states from denying any person the equal protection of the law.

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Sixteenth

Question 33

The Supreme Court's ruling in  Plessy v. Ferguson  established the doctrine of

A) separate but equal.
B) Jim Crow.
C) reparations.
D) segregation.
E) equal protection.

Question 34

The Supreme Court ruled in 1948 that private discrimination is permissible unless it involves significant

A) state action.
B) private action.
C) forethought.
D) discrete action.
E) malice.

Question 35

Which of the following is a requirement for applying for U.S. citizenship?

A) permanent legal residency for five years
B) permanent legal residency for ten years
C) demonstrated ability to hold job for minimum of five years
D) convicted of no more than one felony
E) registered with one of the major political parties

Question 36

_________ laws were used by southern states to enforce segregation of whites and blacks in all public places.

A) Grandfather
B) Suffrage
C) Misogynist
D) Sedition
E) Jim Crow

Question 37

In the landmark case  Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools violated the

A) equal protection clause.
B) necessary and proper clause.
C) full faith and credit clause.
D) due process clause.
E) privileges and immunities clause.

Question 38

In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the first African American to integrate into

A) the National Basketball Association.
B) the University of Alabama.
C) the University of Mississippi.
D) Major League Baseball.
E) the National Football League.

Question 39

By August 1920, with effective lobbying by suffragist groups, three-quarters of the states ratified the __________ Amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote in the November 1920 presidential election.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Nineteenth
E) Twenty-First

Question 40

What played the most significant role in bringing about the government's shift from enforcing discrimination to protecting against it?

A) federal government
B) international pressure
C) pressure by those discriminated against
D) religious intervention
E) state government action

Question 41

The Court reviews laws that discriminate against legal immigrants using strict scrutiny, but reviews laws that discriminate against undocumented workers under the

A) rational basis standard.
B) intermediate standard.
C) maximum standard.
D) semi-scrutiny standard.
E) strictest scrutiny standard.

Question 42

_________ by Betty Friedan, is generally seen as launching the modern American feminist movement.

A) The Feminine Mystique
B) Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus
C) The Feminine Divine
D) The Feminine Manifesto
E) The Total Woman

Question 43

How many states allow prison inmates to vote?

A) 1 state
B) 2 states
C) 10 states
D) no states
E) all states

Question 44

In March 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. organized a voting rights march from __________, where the Alabama police, under the authority of Governor George Wallace, beat the marchers with whips, nightsticks, and cattle prods.

A) Montgomery to Selma
B) Washington, D.C. to Selma
C) Montgomery to Washington, D.C.
D) Selma to Montgomery
E) Selma to Washington, D.C.

Question 45

The modern homosexual civil rights movement first received widespread national attention when

A) the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Windsor.
B) President Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act.
C) police raided the Stonewall Inn.
D) a Kentucky government clerk refused to file a marriage certificate.
E) Congress enacted a "don't ask, don't tell" policy.

Question 46

On December 1, 1955, police arrested __________ for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person.

A) Alice Wallace
B) Judy Meredith
C) Linda Brown
D) Rosa Parks
E) Elizabeth Marshall

Question 47

In Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Court struck down __________, finding no compelling interest in a law that prohibited interracial marriage.

A) miscegenation
B) misogyny
C) narcissism
D) racism
E) ethnocentrism

Question 48

Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that __________was the only gateway to negotiation. Those negotiations ended with Birmingham businesses agreeing to integrate lunch counters and hire more blacks.

A) peaceful civil disobedience
B) prayer
C) revolution
D) the threat of violence
E) the use of violence

Question 49

How many states banned sodomy at the time of the Stonewall riots?

A) 10 states
B) 22 states
C) 34 states
D) 41 states
E) all states

Question 50

In 1972, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) established the __________, which worked to eliminate discriminatory laws by developing a litigation strategy for ending gender-based discrimination.

A) Women's Rights Project
B) Women's League
C) Women's Anti-Rights Project
D) NAACP
E) National Organization for Women

Question 51

The ADA does not cover specific disabilities, rather it provides for

A) any event that limits a person's ability to work.
B) any disability that substantially limits any life activity.
C) any disability that substantially limits a major life activity.
D) any disability that allows for government protection.
E) any event that creates a substantial barrier to most life activity.

Question 52

Compare civil rights to civil liberties.

Question 53

The landmark __________ (1990) requires public and private employers to make "reasonable accommodations" to known physical and mental limitations of employees with disabilities and, if possible, to modify performance standards to accommodate an employee's disability.

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Defense of Disabilities Act
D) Disability Act
E) Equal Opportunities Act

Question 54

In your own words, describe what the Founders meant by "equality."

Question 55

The _________ was an act passed by Congress in 1963 that prohibits employers from paying different wages for the same job on account of sex.

A) Equal Rights Amendment
B) Pay Equality Act
C) Equal Pay for Equal Work Act
D) Civil Rights Act
E) Equal Pay Act

Question 56

In 1996, Congress passed and President Clinton signed the __________ Act, which defines marriage, for the purpose of federal law, as between a man and a woman and declares that states do not have to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.

A) Marriage Protection
B) Civil Rights
C) Defense of Marriage
D) Full Faith and Credit
E) Don't Ask, Don't Tell

Question 57

The equal protection clause of the __________ prohibits states from denying to any person-in other words, not just citizens-equal protection under the law.

A) Fourteenth Amendment
B) Fifteenth Amendment
C) Sixteenth Amendment
D) Seventeenth Amendment
E) Eighteenth Amendment

Question 58

The act of profiling is deemed controversial due to its excessive use of _________ toward minorities.

A) unequal treatment
B) equal treatment
C) equal opportunities
D) reasonable accommodations
E) affirmative action

Question 59

In ________, the Court ruled that the section of DOMA that limited spousal recognition under federal law to a man and a woman is unconstitutional.

A) United States v. Windsor
B) United States v. Spyer
C) United States v. Roth
D) United States v. Newby
E) United States v. Nixon

Question 60

In ________, the Supreme Court declared that states could not prohibit sexual activity between people of the same sex, reversing a 1986 decision that asserted homosexual activity was not a fundamental right.

A) Bakke v. California
B) Bowers v. Hardwick
C) Obergefell v. Hodges
D) Lawrence v. Texas
E) Shelley v. Kraemer

Question 61

Discuss women's suffrage, including ways that suffrage was hindered and expanded.

Question 62

What is profiling? Why is it discriminatory?

Question 63

Discuss the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment in eliminating public and private discrimination.

Question 64

Briefly identify rules that southern states put in place to disenfranchise African American voters.

Question 65

What groups were at the forefront of the civil rights movement?

Question 66

Discuss at least three ways that African Americans were politically disenfranchised after the Civil War. Also, briefly discuss how the federal government rectified this disenfranchisement.

Question 67

Discuss the differences between public and private discrimination.

Question 68

What is the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in  Brown v. Board of Education?

Question 69

What are the different levels of scrutiny that the Supreme Court uses to determine discrimination?

Question 70

Detail the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford .

Question 71

How were poll taxes used to discriminate?

Question 72

What is the importance of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

Question 73

Briefly discuss the nature of voting rights during the United States' first hundred years.

Question 74

Identify the groups that have been denied rights to U.S. citizenship.

Question 75

Differentiate among the three different roles that government can take when it comes to civil rights. Provide specific examples.

Question 76

What is the significance of the Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges ?

Question 77

Explain the nature of the Missouri Compromise.

Question 78

Explain the differences between "equality of opportunity" and "equality of outcome."

Question 79

Compare and contrast different racial and ethnic groups when it comes to historical restrictions on civil rights. What challenges were unique to each group? What challenges were similar across groups?

Question 80

Why did groups such as the NAACP and LULAC look to the courts to assistance in establishing legal equality?