Deck 26: Revolutions in Living

Question 1

The National Revolutionary Party (PNR) in Mexico

A) began a series of coups and assassinations.
B) was similar to fascist parties in Europe.
C) became a symbol for populist reform.
D) was very rigid and uncompromising.
E) Both A and B

Answer 1

became a symbol for populist reform.

Question 2

Gandhi protested British violence and policies by

A) fighting.
B) fasting.
C) leaving India.
D) extensive writing and newspaper ads.
E) None of these

Answer 2

fasting.

Question 3

Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because

A) they did not disrupt African culture.
B) Africans were willing to abandon Islam.
C) they established mission schools.
D) they could be adapted to African needs.
E) missionaries gave fifty pounds sterling to new converts.

Answer 3

they established mission schools.

Question 4

What impact did Europeans have on African health care?

A) European diseases decimated the African population
B) European colonists neglected African health care to weaken the population
C) Though Europeans claimed to have brought modern health care to Africa, in practice it benefited very few people.
D) African health care improved across the board due to European intervention
E) European universities gave free scholarships to Africans wishing to study medicine

Question 5

After World War I, radio communication in Latin America was controlled by

A) a cartel of U.S., British, French, and German companies.
B) OPEC.
C) the Mexican Parliament.
D) the Cuban Communist party.
E) a Latin American conglomerate, UNESCO.

Question 6

Just after World War II, significant internal conflict was found in India among which two groups?

A) Bengalis and Mughals
B) Hindus and Muslims
C) Calcuttese and Delhians
D) Shudra and Brahmin castes
E) Tamil a nd Pakastani

Question 7

Among the many languages of India, the educated middle class communicated in

A) Urdu.
B) Tamil.
C) Hindi.
D) Sanskrit.
E) English.

Question 8

In 1912, the African National Congress was founded by

A) Western-educated lawyers and journalists.
B) tribal kings and princes.
C) Haile Selassie.
D) disgruntled ex-military officers.
E) Jomo Kenyatta.

Question 9

Significant economic stressors on India in the early twentieth century included which of the following?

A) drought
B) deforestation
C) land shortage for individual use
D) urbanization and limited jobs
E) All of these

Question 10

Mohandas Gandhi was known to his followers as Mahatma, or

A) "the great soul."
B) "blessed one."
C) "fearless leader."
D) "the path to freedom."
E) "the leader."

Question 11

The British finally recognized Indian independence in 1947 with

A) a partitioning of the subcontinent into speakers of Urdu and Tamil.
B) a partitioning of India into Pakistan and India.
C) separation of Kashmir from Mongolia.
D) the British maintaining most-favored-nation status for cotton and tea exports.
E) Gandhi elected as president.

Question 12

During the 1920s, the British in India

A) repressed any attempts at Indian nationalism.
B) made concessions only within the Indian Civil Service.
C) began to withdraw military support.
D) slowly gave Indians control over "national areas" such as education and the economy.
E) popularized jazz and "bath tub" gin.

Question 13

Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included

A) terrorist plans to bomb civilian locations.
B) democratic reforms through legislation and lobbying.
C) nonviolence.
D) Hindu nationalism.
E) guerilla tactics.

Question 14

To protest Hindu dominance of India, Indian Muslims formed a group called the

A) Indian National Congress.
B) Young Turks.
C) Shi'ia.
D) International League of Peace and Freedom.
E) All-India Muslim League.

Question 15

A notable example in the overthrow of colonialism in Africa was Haile Salassie's victory over

A) France.
B) Britain.
C) Belgium.
D) Italy.
E) Germany.

Question 16

Argentina's government represented the interests of the oligarquia, which was

A) a brotherhood of unions.
B) a small group of wealthy landowners.
C) a large group of middle-class professionals.
D) the military high command.
E) the priesthood.

Question 17

World War II was most important for African independence movements because

A) the German colonies were destroyed during the war.
B) many Africans served in Allied armies and returned with radical new ideas.
C) Africans listened closely to German propaganda.
D) Africans liberated their countries during the war.
E) colonialism was exposed as a corrupt practice.

Question 18

When Indians revolted against colonial authorities at the beginning of World War II, the British government

A) offered India its independence after the war.
B) used troops to repress the revolts.
C) closed the Indian National Congress.
D) arrested thousands of demonstrators.
E) All of these

Question 19

During World War I, Indi an nationalists supported Britain enthusiastically and

A) wished to remain a colony forever.
B) rebelled against German institutions in India.
C) sent aid to help support Germany.
D) expected that India would be granted independence after the war.
E) received independence immediately as a result.

Question 20

Both Argentina and Brazil had

A) large, docile middle classes.
B) a small but outspoken middle class.
C) no middle class.
D) a classless society.
E) a feudal aristocracy.

Question 21

In the 1920s, women's lives

A) hardly changed at all.
B) changed more than in any previous decade.
C) changed, but only for the better.
D) changed, but only in negative ways.
E) became shorter than at any time in history.

Question 22

In Argentina, Juan Perón was elected president in 1946 with the help of his

A) secret police force, the "grey shirts."
B) charismatic wife, Eva Perón.
C) charm and personality.
D) anti-military agenda.
E) None of these

Question 23

When Europeans photographed Asians and Africans, they tended to focus on

A) elites, rather than the common people.
B) urban life.
C) those who dressed best.
D) subjects that struck Western viewers as exotic.
E) subjects that reminded Western viewers of themselves.

Question 24

A consequence of the industrialization of Brazil under Vargas was

A) invasion by the United States.
B) overproduction of goods.
C) price inflation.
D) deforestation.
E) All of these

Question 25

Before the twentieth century, which nation was the only one to grant women the right to vote?

A) Norway
B) Germany
C) England
D) N ew Zealand
E) Turkey

Question 26

Technologically, skyscrapers were made possible by

A) electricity and load-bearing aluminum frames.
B) elevators and load-bearing steel frames.
C) plastics and load-bearing steel frames.
D) plate glass and Portland cement.
E) escalators and electricity.

Question 27

The Depression of 1929

A) had far less impact on Argentina and Brazil than it had on Europe or the United States.
B) lasted a much shorter time in South American countries because they were less industrialized.
C) caused Argentina and Brazil to veer toward authoritarian regimes.
D) affected Argentina but had almost no effect on Brazil.
E) caused economic devastation that has still not been reversed.

Question 28

In the 1920s, international air service was particularly important for

A) tourists looking for unspoiled vacation spots.
B) transporting refugees.
C) countries with imperial possessions.
D) helping immigrants to the United States cross the Atlantic more easily.
E) working-class people.

Question 29

Vargas's policy of industrialization of Brazil was called

A) demand-side economics.
B) supply-side economics.
C) decreasing returns to scale.
D) mercantilism.
E) import-substitution industrialization.

Question 30

For global mass culture, one of the late nineteenth-century's most important inventions was

A) moveable type.
B) commercial air travel.
C) advertising.
D) a technique for printing photographs in newspapers and magazines.
E) color lithography.

Question 31

Which of the following would not be considered a manifestation of the "cult of the modern"?

A) A sense that mass produced goods are shoddy and inferior.
B) Fascination with new inventions.
C) The International Style in architecture.
D) A sense that new technology will fix many old problems.
E) Bakelite jewelry.

Question 32

Which of the following was not true of automobiles in the 1920s?

A) They became extremely popular in the United States.
B) They were praised for reducing urban pollution.
C) They led to the rise of suburbs in the United States.
D) Europeans bought even more of them than Americans did.
E) Their price fell over the course of the decade.

Question 33

Sigmund Freud is notable for his idea that

A) hypnosis can cure mental illness.
B) medication is the best treatment for depression.
C) psychological problems are caused by repressed traumas and desires.
D) all human beings are born good, but corrupted by society.
E) social constraints increase human happiness.

Question 34

It was difficult for late nineteenth-century Europeans to believe that three Japanese businessmen invented the Rickshaw because

A) it was a mechanism so complex that devising it required a command of quantum physics.
B) it was made from steel that could only be produced using German techniques.
C) Europeans assumed that Asians were not capable of innovative thinking.
D) it was not a particularly important invention.
E) Europeans assumed Asians were better at mathematics than they were at manufacturing or construction.

Question 35

The first motion pictures were premiered in

A) New York in 1900.
B) Paris in 1895.
C) Paris in 1910.
D) London in 1912.
E) Los Angeles in 1919.

Question 36

Who was the famous French sociologist who proclaimed, "There are no religions that are false. All are true in their own fashion"?

A) Charles-Eduard Jeanneret
B) Max Planck
C) Auguste Lumière
D) Marie Curie
E) Emile Durkheim

Question 37

Which of the following was not a characteristic of the International Style in architecture?

A) Simplicity of form.
B) Use of elements that are easy to manufacture.
C) Use of inexpensive materials.
D) Mixing of details borrowed from many nations, such as Greek columns and Gothic arches.
E) Absence of surface ornamentation.

Question 38

The new social sciences in the 1920s were unsettling because they

A) supported ideas of Western superiority.
B) seemed to reinforce bourgeois values.
C) invariably led to communism.
D) challenged Victorian morality and middle-class values.
E) caused the Great Depression.

Question 39

Electricity spread more quickly into homes in Europe and North America because

A) people there were more comfortable with government intrusion into private life.
B) utilities there were funded by private customers.
C) the populations in those areas were generally richer.
D) cities were poorly lit, which meant individual homeowners had to pick up the slack.
E) tariffs prevented the sale of incandescent bulbs in colonies.

Question 40

In Europe after World War I

A) the aristocracy was more important than ever.
B) engineers, lawyers and businessmen were ignored in favor of wealthy landowners.
C) the professional middle class became increasingly prominent.
D) the working class dominated politics.
E) the declining aristocracy formed political alliances with the working class.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Question 42

India's first steel mill was built by

A) the Tata family in 1911.
B) Henry Ford in 1923.
C) the British government in 1910.
D) the Indian government in 1950.
E) There are still no steel mills in India.

Question 43

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Bengal

Question 44

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Haile Selassie

Question 45

Gandhi died in 1948 because

A) he was assassinated by a British secret agent.
B) he was assassinated by an anti-Hindu Muslim.
C) he was assassinated by a Hindu refugee angry at his sympathy for Muslims.
D) he fasted to death in protest of Hindu-Muslim violence.
E) he came down with cholera.

Question 46

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 47

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
All-India Muslim League

Question 48

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Hipolito Irigoyen

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Indian National Congress

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Blaise Diagne

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
African National Congress

Question 52

During his presidency of Mexico from 1934-1940, Lazaro Cardenas did all the following except

A) nationalize the oil industry.
B) redistribute land to peasant communes.
C) replace Church schools with government-run schools.
D) place generals in many important government positions.
E) nationalize the railroads.

Question 53

India and Pakistan have long disputed which country should have control over Kashmir because

A) the local ruler was Hindu, leading it to be made part of India, even though the population was mostly Muslim.
B) the local ruler was Muslim, leading it to be made part of Pakistan, even though the population was mostly Hindu.
C) the vote held to determine which country it would join was marred by election fraud.
D) it was never under the control of the Mughals, and has always been a fiercely independent region.
E) its population is mostly Sikh, rather than either Muslim or Hindu.

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
import-substitution industrialization

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Mohandas K. Gandhi

Question 56

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Getulio Vargas

Question 57

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Juan Perón

Question 58

In British India, Muslims were generally

A) richer than Hindus, because they descended from the Mughals.
B) poorer than Hindus, because many converted to Islam to escape caste discrimination.
C) richer than Hindus, because they were the commercial elite.
D) poorer then Hindus, because Muslims had always been subordinate in India.
E) becoming rarer, since they often converted to Hinduism.

Question 59

Between the two World Wars, many European employers of African labor

A) raised wages.
B) showed concern for the health and well-being of their workers.
C) allowed their workers to form unions.
D) used force to compel Africans to work for little or no pay.
E) agitated to give their workers the vote.

Question 60

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Lazaro Cardenas

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Wilbur and Orville Wright

Question 62

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Auguste and Louis Lumière

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines

Question 64

How did life change in Europe and North America after World War I, and what did the war have to do with those changes?

Question 65

Describe the movement for independence in India prior to the rise of Mohandas Gandhi.

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Albert Einstein

Question 67

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Sigmund Freud

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Margaret Sanger

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Eva Duarte Perón

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Le Corbusier

Question 71

Describe and discuss the world economy and the world wars as they affected the internal political situation in Brazil and Argentina.

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Max Planck

Question 73

Describe both Mohandas Gandhi's role in the Indian independence movement and the direction of that movement after World War I.

Question 74

Describe the period of classic colonialism in Africa before World War II. What changes did European rule bring to Africa?

Question 75

What factors led to growing numbers of Indians to become resentful of British hegemony?

Question 76

What major characteristic of India hindered national unification, and how did that characteristic shape India's eventual independence?

Question 77

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Marie Curie

Question 78

What were the most significant technological developments of the first half of the twentieth century, and how did those developments affect industrialized and non-industrialized countries differently?

Question 79

Discuss the factors that led to the pressure for African independence. What African organizations pressed toward that goal?