Deck 12: Leadership and Followership

Question 1

According to John Kotter, which of the following is true of leadership and management?

A)Both involve planning and budgeting.
B)Both involve setting a direction for an organization.
C)Both motivate people to action through empowerment.
D)Both are complementary systems of action in organizations.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is true of followers of a leader with an autocratic style?

A)Followers have role ambiguity because the leader fails to clearly define goals.
B)Followers have ultimate authority and responsibility.
C)Followers have a high degree of discretionary influence over the work environment.
D)Followers have little discretionary influence over the nature of the work.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is a leader personality characteristic?

A)Charisma
B)Originality
C)Consideration
D)Empathy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is true of leaders?

A)They believe goals arise out of necessity and reality.
B)They avoid solitary work activity, preferring to work with others.
C)They seek moderate risk through coordination and balance.
D)They engage in a struggle for a sense of order in life.

Question 5

According to the first studies of leadership, _____ is identified as an ability of a leader.

A)creativity
B)trustworthiness
C)flexibility
D)insight

Question 6

Unlike leaders, managers:

A)believe goals arise from desire and imagination.
B)seek moderate risk through coordination and balance.
C)are comfortable in solitary work activity.
D)encourage close, intense working relationships.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of followers of a leader with a democratic style?

A)Followers have ultimate authority and responsibility.
B)Followers have role ambiguity because the leader fails to clearly define goals.
C)Followers have a high degree of discretionary influence.
D)Followers have no authority in deciding the nature of work.

Question 8

According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is identified as an ability of a leader?

A)Creativity
B)Scholarship
C)Flexibility
D)Trustworthiness

Question 9

The _____ involves planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving.

A)communication process
B)management process
C)leadership process
D)procurement process

Question 10

A leader with a(n)_____ uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work and the work environment.

A)autocratic style
B)democratic style
C)laissez-faire style
D)transformational style

Question 11

A(n)_____ abdicates the authority and responsibility of the position, and this style often results in chaos.

A)autocratic leader
B)democratic leader
C)laissez-faire leader
D)transformational leader

Question 12

_____ combine the stability of managers with the visionary abilities of leaders in a synergistic way.

A)Strategic leaders
B)Laissez-faire leaders
C)Autocratic leaders
D)Authoritarian leaders

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the laissez-faire leadership style?

A)It uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work.
B)It helps leaders clearly define goals and outcomes.
C)It leads to lower interpersonal conflicts at work.
D)It causes role ambiguity for followers.

Question 14

The _____ involves setting a direction for an organization, aligning people with that direction through communication, and motivating people to action, partly through empowerment and partly through basic need gratification.

A)negotiation process
B)management process
C)leadership process
D)procurement process

Question 15

Which of the following is true of managers?

A)They seek high-risk positions, especially with high payoffs.
B)They encourage close, intense working relationships and are not conflict averse.
C)They view work as an enabling process that combines people, ideas, and things.
D)They believe goals arise from desire and imagination.

Question 16

A leader with a(n)_____ uses strong, directive actions to control the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships in the work environment.

A)autocratic style
B)democratic style
C)laissez-faire style
D)transformational style

Question 17

According to the first studies of leadership, one of the leader personality characteristics is _____.

A)charisma
B)consideration
C)dominance
D)empathy

Question 18

_____ in organizations is the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment.

A)Job analysis
B)Insourcing
C)Vertical integration
D)Leadership

Question 19

Unlike managers, leaders:

A)believe goals arise from desire and imagination.
B)view work as an enabling process that combines people, ideas, and things.
C)avoid solitary work activity, preferring to work with others.
D)seek moderate risk through coordination and balance.

Question 20

Which of the following is a difference between leaders and managers?

A)Leaders seek moderate risk through coordination and balance, whereas managers seek high-risk positions, especially with high payoffs.
B)Leaders avoid solitary work activity, preferring to work with others, whereas managers are comfortable in solitary work activity.
C)Leaders believe goals arise out of necessity and reality, whereas managers believe goals arise from desire and imagination.
D)Leaders agitate for change and new approaches, whereas managers advocate stability and the status quo.

Question 21

A leader following a(n)_____ uses direct, close supervision or many written and unwritten rules and regulations to control behavior.

A)democratic leadership style
B)production-oriented leadership style
C)employee-oriented leadership style
D)transformational leadership style

Question 22

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the impoverished manager:

A)has great concern for production and people.
B)avoids taking sides and stays out of conflicts.
C)is often referred to as a transformational leader.
D)maintains good interpersonal relations with people.

Question 23

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ promises reward for compliance and threatens punishment for noncompliance.

A)organization man manager
B)country club manager
C)paternalistic father-knows-best manager
D)opportunistic what's-in-it-for-me manager

Question 24

In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the degree of clarity, or ambiguity, in the work activities assigned to a group.

A)consideration
B)initiating structure
C)position power
D)task structure

Question 25

_____ is leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust and interpersonal respect within the work unit.

A)Delegation
B)Emotional control
C)Consideration
D)Initiating structure

Question 26

In the context of contingency theories, recent research has shown that _____ encourage team learning and innovation, which helps products get to market faster.

A)laissez-faire managers
B)relationship-oriented leaders
C)task-oriented leaders
D)authority-compliance managers

Question 27

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ is a middle-of-the-road leader who has a medium concern for people and production.

A)impoverished manager
B)organization man manager
C)authority-compliance manager
D)country club manager

Question 28

_____ is leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles, as well as establishing clear patterns of organization, communication, and ways of getting things done.

A)Delegation
B)Executive coaching
C)Consideration
D)Initiating structure

Question 29

In the context of the Leadership Grid, which of the following is true of the country club manager?

A)The leader desires tight control in order to get tasks done efficiently and considers creativity and human relations unnecessary.
B)The leader has great concern for production and little concern for people.
C)The leader's style is not a soft Theory X approach but rather a sound human relations approach.
D)The leader's goal is to keep people happy through good interpersonal relations, which are more important to him or her than the task.

Question 30

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ uses whichever leadership style will maximize self-benefit.

A)organization man manager
B)country club manager
C)paternalistic father-knows-best manager
D)opportunistic what's-in-it-for-me manager

Question 31

In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status.

A)supportive style
B)directive style
C)participative style
D)achievement-oriented style

Question 32

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ desires tight control in order to get tasks done efficiently and considers creativity and human relations unnecessary.

A)organization man manager
B)country club manager
C)authority-compliance manager
D)impoverished manager

Question 33

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, leaders who describe their least preferred coworker (LPC)in positive terms are classified as _____.

A)task-oriented leaders
B)autocratic leaders
C)relationship-oriented leaders
D)laissez-faire leaders

Question 34

_____ proposes that the fit between a leader's need structure and the favorableness of the leader's situation determines the team's effectiveness in work accomplishment.

A)Bass' transformational leadership theory
B)Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership
C)The Situational Leadership model
D)The path-goal theory of leadership

Question 35

An employee-oriented leadership style leads to a work environment that:

A)focuses on relationships.
B)focuses on getting things done.
C)involves direct, close supervision to control behavior.
D)involves rules and regulations to control behavior.

Question 36

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, _____ are primarily gratified by developing good, comfortable interpersonal associations.

A)task-oriented leaders
B)relationship-oriented leaders
C)achievement-oriented leaders
D)laissez-faire leaders

Question 37

In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the participative style is used when:

A)the leader must give specific guidance about work tasks, schedule work, and let followers know what is expected.
B)the leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status.
C)the leader must engage in joint decision-making activities with followers.
D)the leader must set challenging goals for followers and show strong confidence in those followers.

Question 38

In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader must give specific guidance about work tasks, schedule work, and let followers know what is expected.

A)supportive style
B)directive style
C)participative style
D)achievement-oriented style

Question 39

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ works to motivate employees to reach their highest levels of accomplishment, is flexible, is responsive to change, and understands the need for change.

A)team manager
B)country club manager
C)authority-compliance manager
D)impoverished manager

Question 40

In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the authority associated with a leader's formal post in an organization.

A)consideration
B)initiating structure
C)position power
D)task structure

Question 41

The _____ recognizes the benefits of authoritative, democratic, and consultive styles of leader behavior.

A)Situational Leadership model
B)Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model
C)expectancy theory
D)path-goal theory

Question 42

In the context of inspirational leadership theories, which of the following is true of transformational leaders?

A)They rely on their personal attributes instead of their official position to manage followers.
B)They use rewards and punishment to strike deals with followers and shape their behavior.
C)They have great concern for people and little concern for production.
D)They attempt to balance a concern for people and production without a commitment to either.

Question 43

_____ carries with it not only great potential for high levels of achievement and performance on the part of followers but also shadowy risks of destructive courses of action that might harm followers or other people.

A)Transformational leadership
B)Charismatic leadership
C)Transactional leadership
D)Democratic leadership

Question 44

In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a telling style involves:

A)considerable task behavior and low relationship behavior.
B)considerable task behavior and high relationship behavior.
C)high relationship behavior and low task behavior.
D)low relationship behavior and low task behavior.

Question 45

_____ are those who use rewards and punishment to strike deals with followers and shape their behavior.

A)Transformational leaders
B)Transactional leaders
C)Laissez-faire leaders
D)Charismatic leaders

Question 46

_____ includes transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership as the situation might demand but only in accordance with the leader's conscious and well-developed sense of values.

A)Laissez-faire leadership
B)Autocratic leadership
C)Authentic leadership
D)Democratic leadership

Question 47

_____ refers to the ability to recognize and manage feelings in oneself and in others.

A)Inspirational motivation
B)Mood optimism
C)Emotional intelligence
D)Initiating structure

Question 48

A(n)_____ of behavior is used when a leader must set challenging goals for followers and show strong confidence in those followers.

A)supportive style
B)directive style
C)participative style
D)achievement-oriented style

Question 49

In the context of the leader-member exchange theory, which of the following is true of out-group members?

A)Their stress comes from the additional responsibilities placed on them by the leader.
B)Their frequent communication with the superior generally leads to higher performance ratings.
C)They are more likely to retaliate against the organization.
D)They are less likely to be managed by formal rules and policies.

Question 50

In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a delegating style is characterized by:

A)high task behavior and low relationship behavior.
B)high task behavior and high relationship behavior.
C)low task behavior and high relationship behavior.
D)low task behavior and low relationship behavior.

Question 51

In the context of inspirational leadership, _____ consists of the following four subdimensions: charisma, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation.

A)autocratic leadership
B)laissez-faire leadership
C)transformational leadership
D)transactional leadership

Question 52

In the context of the leader-member exchange theory, which of the following is true of in-group members?

A)Their frequent communication with the superior often leads to lower performance ratings.
B)They are more likely to be managed by formal rules and policies.
C)Their stress comes from being left out of the communication network.
D)They are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior.

Question 53

In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a participating style involves:

A)high task behavior and low relationship behavior.
B)high task behavior and high relationship behavior.
C)high relationship behavior and low task behavior.
D)low relationship behavior and low task behavior.

Question 54

_____ is the extent to which a leader is able to articulate a vision that is appealing to followers.

A)Emotional control
B)Mood optimism
C)Individualized consideration
D)Inspirational motivation

Question 55

According to leader-member exchange theory, in contrast to in-group members, out-group members:

A)have higher organizational commitment.
B)receive less attention.
C)have lower turnover.
D)receive more rewards.

Question 56

According to leader-member exchange theory, in contrast to out-group members, in-group members:

A)have higher organizational commitment.
B)are managed by formal rules and policies.
C)have higher turnover.
D)receive less attention and fewer rewards.

Question 57

The _____ assumes that leaders adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers and the environment in which they work.

A)path-goal theory
B)trait theory
C)inspirational leadership theory
D)two-factor theory

Question 58

_____ results when a leader uses the force of personal abilities and talents to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers.

A)Charismatic leadership
B)Laissez-faire leadership
C)Transactional leadership
D)Autocratic leadership

Question 59

_____ inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance.

A)Transformational leaders
B)Transactional leaders
C)Laissez-faire leaders
D)Autocratic leaders

Question 60

According to the Situational Leadership model, when a follower is unable but willing and confident to do a task, the leader can use the _____, in which there is high task behavior and high relationship behavior.

A)telling style
B)selling style
C)delegating style
D)participating style

Question 61

Which of the following is true of alienated followers?

A)They think independently and critically, yet are very passive in their behavior.
B)They are the least disruptive and the lowest-risk followers in an organization.
C)They uncritically reinforce the thinking and ideas of their leaders with enthusiasm.
D)They are the most likely to give a false positive reaction and give no warning of potential pitfalls.

Question 62

The path-goal theory suggests that a leader's behavior should be adjusted to the maturity level of the followers.

Question 63

In the context of followership, which of the following is true of yes people?

A)They think independently and critically, yet are very passive in their behavior.
B)They are the least disruptive and the lowest-risk followers in an organization.
C)They uncritically reinforce the thinking and ideas of their leaders with enthusiasm.
D)They are psychologically and emotionally distanced from their leaders.

Question 64

Although the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model offers very explicit predictions as well as prescriptions for leaders, its utility is limited to the leader decision-making tasks.

Question 65

Which of the following is true of gender and leadership?

A)People characterize successful managers as having more female-oriented attributes than male-oriented attributes.
B)There has been a decline in the number of women assuming positions of leadership in organizations.
C)Early evidence shows that women tend to use a more task-oriented style.
D)Women managers excel in positions that demand strong interpersonal skills.

Question 66

_____ play a central role in setting the ethical tone and values for organizations.

A)Organizational employees
B)Government regulations
C)Visible artifacts
D)Corporate leaders

Question 67

_____ refers to the willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another and is an essential element in leadership.

A)Consideration
B)Charisma
C)Patience
D)Trust

Question 68

Transactional leadership results when a leader uses the force of personal abilities and talents to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers.

Question 69

In the context of followership, _____ are the least disruptive and the lowest-risk followers in an organization.

A)yes people
B)survivors
C)alienated followers
D)sheep

Question 70

The glass cliff represents a trend in organizations wherein more women are placed in comfortable leadership situations.

Question 71

From the perspective of the Situational Leadership model, the basic role of a leader is to clear a follower's path to the goal.

Question 72

With regard to leader abilities, attention has been devoted to such constructs as social skills, intelligence, scholarship, speech fluency, cooperativeness, and insight.

Question 73

Transactional leaders inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance.

Question 74

_____ are followers who do not think independently or critically and are passive in their behavior.

A)Yes people
B)Survivors
C)Alienated followers
D)Sheep

Question 75

The Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model helps leaders and managers determine the appropriate level of employee participation in decision making.

Question 76

Early evidence shows that men tend to use a more people-oriented style that is inclusive and empowering than women do.

Question 77

_____ is the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment.

A)Delegation
B)Followership
C)Acculturation
D)Negotiation

Question 78

In the context of followership, _____ are the most dangerous to a leader because they are the most likely to give a false positive reaction and give no warning of potential pitfalls.

A)yes people
B)survivors
C)alienated followers
D)sheep

Question 79

The _____ represents a trend in organizations wherein more women are placed in difficult leadership situations.

A)glass cliff
B)glass ceiling
C)melting pot
D)maternal wall

Question 80

The first studies of leadership attempted to identify what physical attributes, personality characteristics, and abilities distinguished leaders from other members of a group.